merge-ort: only do pointer arithmetic for non-empty lists

versions could be an empty string_list. In that case, versions->items is
NULL, and we shouldn't be trying to perform pointer arithmetic with it (as
that results in undefined behaviour).

Moreover we only use the results of this calculation once when calling
QSORT. Therefore we choose to skip creating relevant_entries and call
QSORT directly with our manipulated pointers (but only if there's data
requiring sorting). This lets us avoid abusing the string_list API,
and saves us from having to explain why this abuse is OK.

Finally, an assertion is added to make sure that write_tree() is called
with a valid offset.

This issue has probably existed since:
  ee4012dcf9 (merge-ort: step 2 of tree writing -- function to create tree object, 2020-12-13)
But it only started occurring during tests since tests started using
merge-ort:
  f3b964a07e (Add testing with merge-ort merge strategy, 2021-03-20)

For reference - here's the original UBSAN commit that implemented this
check, it sounds like this behaviour isn't actually likely to cause any
issues (but we might as well fix it regardless):
https://reviews.llvm.org/D67122

UBSAN output from t3404 or t5601:

merge-ort.c:2669:43: runtime error: applying zero offset to null pointer
    #0 0x78bb53 in write_tree merge-ort.c:2669:43
    #1 0x7856c9 in process_entries merge-ort.c:3303:2
    #2 0x782317 in merge_ort_nonrecursive_internal merge-ort.c:3744:2
    #3 0x77feef in merge_incore_nonrecursive merge-ort.c:3853:2
    #4 0x6f6a5c in do_recursive_merge sequencer.c:640:3
    #5 0x6f6a5c in do_pick_commit sequencer.c:2221:9
    #6 0x6ef055 in single_pick sequencer.c:4814:9
    #7 0x6ef055 in sequencer_pick_revisions sequencer.c:4867:10
    #8 0x4fb392 in run_sequencer revert.c:225:9
    #9 0x4fa5b0 in cmd_revert revert.c:235:8
    #10 0x42abd7 in run_builtin git.c:453:11
    #11 0x429531 in handle_builtin git.c:704:3
    #12 0x4282fb in run_argv git.c:771:4
    #13 0x4282fb in cmd_main git.c:902:19
    #14 0x524b63 in main common-main.c:52:11
    #15 0x7fc2ca340349 in __libc_start_main (/lib64/libc.so.6+0x24349)
    #16 0x4072b9 in _start start.S:120

SUMMARY: UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer: undefined-behavior merge-ort.c:2669:43 in

Signed-off-by: Andrzej Hunt <ajrhunt@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

1 files changed, 5 insertions, 13 deletions

diff --git a/merge-ort.c b/merge-ort.c
index 5e118a8..3f55b43 100644
--- a/merge-ort.c
+++ b/merge-ort.c
@@ -2491,22 +2491,14 @@ static void write_tree(struct object_id *result_oid,
 		       size_t hash_size)
 {
 	size_t maxlen = 0, extra;
-	unsigned int nr = versions->nr - offset;
+	unsigned int nr;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct string_list relevant_entries = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	int i;
 
-	/*
-	 * We want to sort the last (versions->nr-offset) entries in versions.
-	 * Do so by abusing the string_list API a bit: make another string_list
-	 * that contains just those entries and then sort them.
-	 *
-	 * We won't use relevant_entries again and will let it just pop off the
-	 * stack, so there won't be allocation worries or anything.
-	 */
-	relevant_entries.items = versions->items + offset;
-	relevant_entries.nr = versions->nr - offset;
-	QSORT(relevant_entries.items, relevant_entries.nr, tree_entry_order);
+	assert(offset <= versions->nr);
+	nr = versions->nr - offset;
+	if (versions->nr)
+		QSORT(versions->items + offset, nr, tree_entry_order);
 
 	/* Pre-allocate some space in buf */
 	extra = hash_size + 8; /* 8: 6 for mode, 1 for space, 1 for NUL char */