read-cache: leave lock in right state in `write_locked_index()`

If the original version of `write_locked_index()` returned with an
error, it didn't roll back the lockfile unless the error occured at the
very end, during closing/committing. See commit 03b866477 (read-cache:
new API write_locked_index instead of write_index/write_cache,
2014-06-13).

In commit 9f41c7a6b (read-cache: close index.lock in do_write_index,
2017-04-26), we learned to close the lock slightly earlier in the
callstack. That was mostly a side-effect of lockfiles being implemented
using temporary files, but didn't cause any real harm.

Recently, commit 076aa2cbd (tempfile: auto-allocate tempfiles on heap,
2017-09-05) introduced a subtle bug. If the temporary file is deleted
(i.e., the lockfile is rolled back), the tempfile-pointer in the `struct
lock_file` will be left dangling. Thus, an attempt to reuse the
lockfile, or even just to roll it back, will induce undefined behavior
-- most likely a crash.

Besides not crashing, we clearly want to make things consistent. The
guarantees which the lockfile-machinery itself provides is A) if we ask
to commit and it fails, roll back, and B) if we ask to close and it
fails, do _not_ roll back. Let's do the same for consistency.

Do not delete the temporary file in `do_write_index()`. One of its
callers, `write_locked_index()` will thereby avoid rolling back the
lock. The other caller, `write_shared_index()`, will delete its
temporary file anyway. Both of these callers will avoid undefined
behavior (crashing).

Teach `write_locked_index(..., COMMIT_LOCK)` to roll back the lock
before returning. If we have already succeeded and committed, it will be
a noop. Simplify the existing callers where we now have a superfluous
call to `rollback_lockfile()`. That should keep future readers from
wondering why the callers are inconsistent.

Signed-off-by: Martin Ågren <martin.agren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

1 files changed, 4 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index 21a6856..0e26224 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -616,6 +616,10 @@ extern int read_index_unmerged(struct index_state *);
  * split index to the lockfile. If the temporary file for the shared
  * index cannot be created, fall back to the behavior described in
  * the previous paragraph.
+ *
+ * With `COMMIT_LOCK`, the lock is always committed or rolled back.
+ * Without it, the lock is closed, but neither committed nor rolled
+ * back.
  */
 extern int write_locked_index(struct index_state *, struct lock_file *lock, unsigned flags);