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diff --git a/t/t6424-merge-unrelated-index-changes.sh b/t/t6424-merge-unrelated-index-changes.sh
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+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="merges with unrelated index changes"
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Testcase for some simple merges
+# A
+# o-------o B
+# \
+# \-----o C
+# \
+# \---o D
+# \
+# \-o E
+# \
+# o F
+# Commit A: some file a
+# Commit B: adds file b, modifies end of a
+# Commit C: adds file c
+# Commit D: adds file d, modifies beginning of a
+# Commit E: renames a->subdir/a, adds subdir/e
+# Commit F: empty commit
+
+test_expect_success 'setup trivial merges' '
+ test_seq 1 10 >a &&
+ git add a &&
+ test_tick && git commit -m A &&
+
+ git branch A &&
+ git branch B &&
+ git branch C &&
+ git branch D &&
+ git branch E &&
+ git branch F &&
+
+ git checkout B &&
+ echo b >b &&
+ echo 11 >>a &&
+ git add a b &&
+ test_tick && git commit -m B &&
+
+ git checkout C &&
+ echo c >c &&
+ git add c &&
+ test_tick && git commit -m C &&
+
+ git checkout D &&
+ test_seq 2 10 >a &&
+ echo d >d &&
+ git add a d &&
+ test_tick && git commit -m D &&
+
+ git checkout E &&
+ mkdir subdir &&
+ git mv a subdir/a &&
+ echo e >subdir/e &&
+ git add subdir &&
+ test_tick && git commit -m E &&
+
+ git checkout F &&
+ test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m F
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ff update' '
+ git reset --hard &&
+ git checkout A^0 &&
+
+ touch random_file && git add random_file &&
+
+ git merge E^0 &&
+
+ test_must_fail git rev-parse HEAD:random_file &&
+ test "$(git diff --name-only --cached E)" = "random_file"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ff update, important file modified' '
+ git reset --hard &&
+ git checkout A^0 &&
+
+ mkdir subdir &&
+ touch subdir/e &&
+ git add subdir/e &&
+
+ test_must_fail git merge E^0 &&
+ test_path_is_missing .git/MERGE_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'resolve, trivial' '
+ git reset --hard &&
+ git checkout B^0 &&
+
+ touch random_file && git add random_file &&
+
+ test_must_fail git merge -s resolve C^0 &&
+ test_path_is_missing .git/MERGE_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'resolve, non-trivial' '
+ git reset --hard &&
+ git checkout B^0 &&
+
+ touch random_file && git add random_file &&
+
+ test_must_fail git merge -s resolve D^0 &&
+ test_path_is_missing .git/MERGE_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'recursive' '
+ git reset --hard &&
+ git checkout B^0 &&
+
+ touch random_file && git add random_file &&
+
+ test_must_fail git merge -s recursive C^0 &&
+ test_path_is_missing .git/MERGE_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'recursive, when merge branch matches merge base' '
+ git reset --hard &&
+ git checkout B^0 &&
+
+ touch random_file && git add random_file &&
+
+ test_must_fail git merge -s recursive F^0 &&
+ test_path_is_missing .git/MERGE_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive, when index==head but head!=HEAD' '
+ git reset --hard &&
+ git checkout C^0 &&
+
+ # Make index match B
+ git diff C B -- | git apply --cached &&
+ # Merge B & F, with B as "head"
+ git merge-recursive A -- B F > out &&
+ test_i18ngrep "Already up to date" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'recursive, when file has staged changes not matching HEAD nor what a merge would give' '
+ git reset --hard &&
+ git checkout B^0 &&
+
+ mkdir subdir &&
+ test_seq 1 10 >subdir/a &&
+ git add subdir/a &&
+
+ # We have staged changes; merge should error out
+ test_must_fail git merge -s recursive E^0 2>err &&
+ test_i18ngrep "changes to the following files would be overwritten" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'recursive, when file has staged changes matching what a merge would give' '
+ git reset --hard &&
+ git checkout B^0 &&
+
+ mkdir subdir &&
+ test_seq 1 11 >subdir/a &&
+ git add subdir/a &&
+
+ # We have staged changes; merge should error out
+ test_must_fail git merge -s recursive E^0 2>err &&
+ test_i18ngrep "changes to the following files would be overwritten" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'octopus, unrelated file touched' '
+ git reset --hard &&
+ git checkout B^0 &&
+
+ touch random_file && git add random_file &&
+
+ test_must_fail git merge C^0 D^0 &&
+ test_path_is_missing .git/MERGE_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'octopus, related file removed' '
+ git reset --hard &&
+ git checkout B^0 &&
+
+ git rm b &&
+
+ test_must_fail git merge C^0 D^0 &&
+ test_path_is_missing .git/MERGE_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'octopus, related file modified' '
+ git reset --hard &&
+ git checkout B^0 &&
+
+ echo 12 >>a && git add a &&
+
+ test_must_fail git merge C^0 D^0 &&
+ test_path_is_missing .git/MERGE_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ours' '
+ git reset --hard &&
+ git checkout B^0 &&
+
+ touch random_file && git add random_file &&
+
+ test_must_fail git merge -s ours C^0 &&
+ test_path_is_missing .git/MERGE_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subtree' '
+ git reset --hard &&
+ git checkout B^0 &&
+
+ touch random_file && git add random_file &&
+
+ test_must_fail git merge -s subtree E^0 &&
+ test_path_is_missing .git/MERGE_HEAD
+'
+
+test_done