diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'lockfile.h')
| -rw-r--r-- | lockfile.h | 330 |
1 files changed, 266 insertions, 64 deletions
@@ -4,84 +4,286 @@ /* * File write-locks as used by Git. * - * For an overview of how to use the lockfile API, please see - * - * Documentation/technical/api-lockfile.txt - * - * This module keeps track of all locked files in lock_file_list for - * use at cleanup. This list and the lock_file objects that comprise - * it must be kept in self-consistent states at all time, because the - * program can be interrupted any time by a signal, in which case the - * signal handler will walk through the list attempting to clean up - * any open lock files. - * - * A lockfile is owned by the process that created it. The lock_file - * object has an "owner" field that records its owner. This field is - * used to prevent a forked process from closing a lockfile created by - * its parent. - * - * The possible states of a lock_file object are as follows: - * - * - Uninitialized. In this state the object's on_list field must be - * zero but the rest of its contents need not be initialized. As - * soon as the object is used in any way, it is irrevocably - * registered in the lock_file_list, and on_list is set. - * - * - Locked, lockfile open (after hold_lock_file_for_update(), - * hold_lock_file_for_append(), or reopen_lock_file()). In this - * state: - * - the lockfile exists - * - active is set - * - filename holds the filename of the lockfile - * - fd holds a file descriptor open for writing to the lockfile - * - fp holds a pointer to an open FILE object if and only if - * fdopen_lock_file() has been called on the object - * - owner holds the PID of the process that locked the file - * - * - Locked, lockfile closed (after successful close_lock_file()). - * Same as the previous state, except that the lockfile is closed - * and fd is -1. - * - * - Unlocked (after commit_lock_file(), commit_lock_file_to(), - * rollback_lock_file(), a failed attempt to lock, or a failed - * close_lock_file()). In this state: - * - active is unset - * - filename is empty (usually, though there are transitory - * states in which this condition doesn't hold). Client code should - * *not* rely on the filename being empty in this state. - * - fd is -1 - * - the object is left registered in the lock_file_list, and - * on_list is set. + * The lockfile API serves two purposes: + * + * * Mutual exclusion and atomic file updates. When we want to change + * a file, we create a lockfile `<filename>.lock`, write the new + * file contents into it, and then rename the lockfile to its final + * destination `<filename>`. We create the `<filename>.lock` file + * with `O_CREAT|O_EXCL` so that we can notice and fail if somebody + * else has already locked the file, then atomically rename the + * lockfile to its final destination to commit the changes and + * unlock the file. + * + * * Automatic cruft removal. If the program exits after we lock a + * file but before the changes have been committed, we want to make + * sure that we remove the lockfile. This is done by remembering the + * lockfiles we have created in a linked list and setting up an + * `atexit(3)` handler and a signal handler that clean up the + * lockfiles. This mechanism ensures that outstanding lockfiles are + * cleaned up if the program exits (including when `die()` is + * called) or if the program is terminated by a signal. + * + * Please note that lockfiles only block other writers. Readers do not + * block, but they are guaranteed to see either the old contents of + * the file or the new contents of the file (assuming that the + * filesystem implements `rename(2)` atomically). + * + * Most of the heavy lifting is done by the tempfile module (see + * "tempfile.h"). + * + * Calling sequence + * ---------------- + * + * The caller: + * + * * Allocates a `struct lock_file` either as a static variable or on + * the heap, initialized to zeros. Once you use the structure to + * call the `hold_lock_file_for_*()` family of functions, it belongs + * to the lockfile subsystem and its storage must remain valid + * throughout the life of the program (i.e. you cannot use an + * on-stack variable to hold this structure). + * + * * Attempts to create a lockfile by calling `hold_lock_file_for_update()`. + * + * * Writes new content for the destination file by either: + * + * * writing to the file descriptor returned by the + * `hold_lock_file_for_*()` functions (also available via + * `lock->fd`). + * + * * calling `fdopen_lock_file()` to get a `FILE` pointer for the + * open file and writing to the file using stdio. + * + * When finished writing, the caller can: + * + * * Close the file descriptor and rename the lockfile to its final + * destination by calling `commit_lock_file()` or + * `commit_lock_file_to()`. + * + * * Close the file descriptor and remove the lockfile by calling + * `rollback_lock_file()`. + * + * * Close the file descriptor without removing or renaming the + * lockfile by calling `close_lock_file()`, and later call + * `commit_lock_file()`, `commit_lock_file_to()`, + * `rollback_lock_file()`, or `reopen_lock_file()`. + * + * Even after the lockfile is committed or rolled back, the + * `lock_file` object must not be freed or altered by the caller. + * However, it may be reused; just pass it to another call of + * `hold_lock_file_for_update()`. + * + * If the program exits before `commit_lock_file()`, + * `commit_lock_file_to()`, or `rollback_lock_file()` is called, the + * tempfile module will close and remove the lockfile, thereby rolling + * back any uncommitted changes. + * + * If you need to close the file descriptor you obtained from a + * `hold_lock_file_for_*()` function yourself, do so by calling + * `close_lock_file()`. See "tempfile.h" for more information. + * + * + * Under the covers, a lockfile is just a tempfile with a few helper + * functions. In particular, the state diagram and the cleanup + * machinery are all implemented in the tempfile module. + * + * + * Error handling + * -------------- + * + * The `hold_lock_file_for_*()` functions return a file descriptor on + * success or -1 on failure (unless `LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR` is used; see + * "flags" below). On errors, `errno` describes the reason for + * failure. Errors can be reported by passing `errno` to + * `unable_to_lock_message()` or `unable_to_lock_die()`. + * + * Similarly, `commit_lock_file`, `commit_lock_file_to`, and + * `close_lock_file` return 0 on success. On failure they set `errno` + * appropriately, do their best to roll back the lockfile, and return + * -1. */ +#include "tempfile.h" + struct lock_file { - struct lock_file *volatile next; - volatile sig_atomic_t active; - volatile int fd; - FILE *volatile fp; - volatile pid_t owner; - char on_list; - struct strbuf filename; + struct tempfile tempfile; }; /* String appended to a filename to derive the lockfile name: */ #define LOCK_SUFFIX ".lock" #define LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN 5 + +/* + * Flags + * ----- + * + * The following flags can be passed to `hold_lock_file_for_update()`. + */ + +/* + * If a lock is already taken for the file, `die()` with an error + * message. If this flag is not specified, trying to lock a file that + * is already locked returns -1 to the caller. + */ #define LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR 1 + +/* + * Usually symbolic links in the destination path are resolved. This + * means that (1) the lockfile is created by adding ".lock" to the + * resolved path, and (2) upon commit, the resolved path is + * overwritten. However, if `LOCK_NO_DEREF` is set, then the lockfile + * is created by adding ".lock" to the path argument itself. This + * option is used, for example, when detaching a symbolic reference, + * which for backwards-compatibility reasons, can be a symbolic link + * containing the name of the referred-to-reference. + */ #define LOCK_NO_DEREF 2 +/* + * Attempt to create a lockfile for the file at `path` and return a + * file descriptor for writing to it, or -1 on error. If the file is + * currently locked, retry with quadratic backoff for at least + * timeout_ms milliseconds. If timeout_ms is 0, try exactly once; if + * timeout_ms is -1, retry indefinitely. The flags argument and error + * handling are described above. + */ +extern int hold_lock_file_for_update_timeout( + struct lock_file *lk, const char *path, + int flags, long timeout_ms); + +/* + * Attempt to create a lockfile for the file at `path` and return a + * file descriptor for writing to it, or -1 on error. The flags + * argument and error handling are described above. + */ +static inline int hold_lock_file_for_update( + struct lock_file *lk, const char *path, + int flags) +{ + return hold_lock_file_for_update_timeout(lk, path, flags, 0); +} + +/* + * Append an appropriate error message to `buf` following the failure + * of `hold_lock_file_for_update()` to lock `path`. `err` should be the + * `errno` set by the failing call. + */ extern void unable_to_lock_message(const char *path, int err, struct strbuf *buf); + +/* + * Emit an appropriate error message and `die()` following the failure + * of `hold_lock_file_for_update()` to lock `path`. `err` should be the + * `errno` set by the failing + * call. + */ extern NORETURN void unable_to_lock_die(const char *path, int err); -extern int hold_lock_file_for_update(struct lock_file *, const char *path, int); -extern int hold_lock_file_for_append(struct lock_file *, const char *path, int); -extern FILE *fdopen_lock_file(struct lock_file *, const char *mode); -extern char *get_locked_file_path(struct lock_file *); -extern int commit_lock_file_to(struct lock_file *, const char *path); -extern int commit_lock_file(struct lock_file *); -extern int reopen_lock_file(struct lock_file *); -extern int close_lock_file(struct lock_file *); -extern void rollback_lock_file(struct lock_file *); + +/* + * Associate a stdio stream with the lockfile (which must still be + * open). Return `NULL` (*without* rolling back the lockfile) on + * error. The stream is closed automatically when `close_lock_file()` + * is called or when the file is committed or rolled back. + */ +static inline FILE *fdopen_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk, const char *mode) +{ + return fdopen_tempfile(&lk->tempfile, mode); +} + +/* + * Return the path of the lockfile. The return value is a pointer to a + * field within the lock_file object and should not be freed. + */ +static inline const char *get_lock_file_path(struct lock_file *lk) +{ + return get_tempfile_path(&lk->tempfile); +} + +static inline int get_lock_file_fd(struct lock_file *lk) +{ + return get_tempfile_fd(&lk->tempfile); +} + +static inline FILE *get_lock_file_fp(struct lock_file *lk) +{ + return get_tempfile_fp(&lk->tempfile); +} + +/* + * Return the path of the file that is locked by the specified + * lock_file object. The caller must free the memory. + */ +extern char *get_locked_file_path(struct lock_file *lk); + +/* + * If the lockfile is still open, close it (and the file pointer if it + * has been opened using `fdopen_lock_file()`) without renaming the + * lockfile over the file being locked. Return 0 upon success. On + * failure to `close(2)`, return a negative value and roll back the + * lock file. Usually `commit_lock_file()`, `commit_lock_file_to()`, + * or `rollback_lock_file()` should eventually be called if + * `close_lock_file()` succeeds. + */ +static inline int close_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk) +{ + return close_tempfile(&lk->tempfile); +} + +/* + * Re-open a lockfile that has been closed using `close_lock_file()` + * but not yet committed or rolled back. This can be used to implement + * a sequence of operations like the following: + * + * * Lock file. + * + * * Write new contents to lockfile, then `close_lock_file()` to + * cause the contents to be written to disk. + * + * * Pass the name of the lockfile to another program to allow it (and + * nobody else) to inspect the contents you wrote, while still + * holding the lock yourself. + * + * * `reopen_lock_file()` to reopen the lockfile. Make further updates + * to the contents. + * + * * `commit_lock_file()` to make the final version permanent. + */ +static inline int reopen_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk) +{ + return reopen_tempfile(&lk->tempfile); +} + +/* + * Commit the change represented by `lk`: close the file descriptor + * and/or file pointer if they are still open and rename the lockfile + * to its final destination. Return 0 upon success. On failure, roll + * back the lock file and return -1, with `errno` set to the value + * from the failing call to `close(2)` or `rename(2)`. It is a bug to + * call `commit_lock_file()` for a `lock_file` object that is not + * currently locked. + */ +extern int commit_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk); + +/* + * Like `commit_lock_file()`, but rename the lockfile to the provided + * `path`. `path` must be on the same filesystem as the lock file. + */ +static inline int commit_lock_file_to(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path) +{ + return rename_tempfile(&lk->tempfile, path); +} + +/* + * Roll back `lk`: close the file descriptor and/or file pointer and + * remove the lockfile. It is a NOOP to call `rollback_lock_file()` + * for a `lock_file` object that has already been committed or rolled + * back. + */ +static inline void rollback_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk) +{ + delete_tempfile(&lk->tempfile); +} #endif /* LOCKFILE_H */ |