diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
112 files changed, 3182 insertions, 810 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines index 559d5f9..ef67b53 100644 --- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines +++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines @@ -145,6 +145,14 @@ For C programs: they were describing changes. Often splitting a function into two makes the intention of the code much clearer. + - Multi-line comments include their delimiters on separate lines from + the text. E.g. + + /* + * A very long + * multi-line comment. + */ + - Double negation is often harder to understand than no negation at all. @@ -242,11 +250,21 @@ Writing Documentation: processed into HTML and manpages (e.g. git.html and git.1 in the same directory). + The documentation liberally mixes US and UK English (en_US/UK) + norms for spelling and grammar, which is somewhat unfortunate. + In an ideal world, it would have been better if it consistently + used only one and not the other, and we would have picked en_US + (if you wish to correct the English of some of the existing + documentation, please see the documentation-related advice in the + Documentation/SubmittingPatches file). + Every user-visible change should be reflected in the documentation. The same general rule as for code applies -- imitate the existing - conventions. A few commented examples follow to provide reference - when writing or modifying command usage strings and synopsis sections - in the manual pages: + conventions. + + A few commented examples follow to provide reference when writing or + modifying command usage strings and synopsis sections in the manual + pages: Placeholders are spelled in lowercase and enclosed in angle brackets: <file> @@ -296,3 +314,29 @@ Writing Documentation: Use 'git' (all lowercase) when talking about commands i.e. something the user would type into a shell and use 'Git' (uppercase first letter) when talking about the version control system and its properties. + + A few commented examples follow to provide reference when writing or + modifying paragraphs or option/command explanations that contain options + or commands: + + Literal examples (e.g. use of command-line options, command names, and + configuration variables) are typeset in monospace, and if you can use + `backticks around word phrases`, do so. + `--pretty=oneline` + `git rev-list` + `remote.pushdefault` + + Word phrases enclosed in `backtick characters` are rendered literally + and will not be further expanded. The use of `backticks` to achieve the + previous rule means that literal examples should not use AsciiDoc + escapes. + Correct: + `--pretty=oneline` + Incorrect: + `\--pretty=oneline` + + If some place in the documentation needs to typeset a command usage + example with inline substitutions, it is fine to use +monospaced and + inline substituted text+ instead of `monospaced literal text`, and with + the former, the part that should not get substituted must be + quoted/escaped. diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile index 0cfdc36..91a12c7 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/Makefile @@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ SP_ARTICLES += howto/setup-git-server-over-http SP_ARTICLES += howto/separating-topic-branches SP_ARTICLES += howto/revert-a-faulty-merge SP_ARTICLES += howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object +SP_ARTICLES += howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder SP_ARTICLES += howto/rebuild-from-update-hook SP_ARTICLES += howto/rebase-from-internal-branch SP_ARTICLES += howto/maintain-git @@ -103,6 +104,7 @@ MAKEINFO = makeinfo INSTALL_INFO = install-info DOCBOOK2X_TEXI = docbook2x-texi DBLATEX = dblatex +ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR = /etc/asciidoc/dblatex ifndef PERL_PATH PERL_PATH = /usr/bin/perl endif @@ -354,7 +356,7 @@ user-manual.texi: user-manual.xml user-manual.pdf: user-manual.xml $(QUIET_DBLATEX)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \ - $(DBLATEX) -o $@+ -p /etc/asciidoc/dblatex/asciidoc-dblatex.xsl -s /etc/asciidoc/dblatex/asciidoc-dblatex.sty $< && \ + $(DBLATEX) -o $@+ -p $(ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR)/asciidoc-dblatex.xsl -s $(ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR)/asciidoc-dblatex.sty $< && \ mv $@+ $@ gitman.texi: $(MAN_XML) cat-texi.perl diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt index 806a965..be68524 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.10 not exclude them and tried to apply funny patches only to fail. * "git blame" started missing quite a few changes from the origin - since we stopped using the diff minimalization by default in v1.7.2 + since we stopped using the diff minimization by default in v1.7.2 era. * When PATH contains an unreadable directory, alias expansion code diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt index a0d24d1..f0cfd02 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.11.1 * "git diff --no-index" did not work with pagers correctly. * "git diff COPYING HEAD:COPYING" gave a nonsense error message that - claimed that the treeish HEAD did not have COPYING in it. + claimed that the tree-ish HEAD did not have COPYING in it. * When "git log" gets "--simplify-merges/by-decoration" together with "--first-parent", the combination of these options makes the diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt index cf3f455..7796df3 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.5.3 -------------------- * The single-key mode of "git add -p" was easily fooled into thinking - that it was told to add everthing ('a') when up-arrow was pressed by + that it was told to add everything ('a') when up-arrow was pressed by mistake. * Setting a git command that uses custom configuration via "-c var=val" diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt index e74f4ef..b9c66aa 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt @@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ Fixes since v1.7.8.1 * The configuration file parser used for sizes (e.g. bigFileThreshold) did not correctly interpret 'g' suffix. - * The replacement implemention for snprintf used on platforms with + * The replacement implementation for snprintf used on platforms with native snprintf that is broken did not use va_copy correctly. * LF-to-CRLF streaming filter replaced all LF with CRLF, which might - be techinically correct but not friendly to people who are trying + be technically correct but not friendly to people who are trying to recover from earlier mistakes of using CRLF in the repository data in the first place. It now refrains from doing so for LF that follows a CR. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt index b4d90bb..2493113 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Updates since v1.7.7 * Updates to bash completion scripts. * The build procedure has been taught to take advantage of computed - dependency automatically when the complier supports it. + dependency automatically when the compiler supports it. * The date parser now accepts timezone designators that lack minutes part and also has a colon between "hh:mm". @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Updates since v1.7.7 * Variants of "git cherry-pick" and "git revert" that take multiple commits learned to "--continue" and "--abort". - * "git daemon" gives more human readble error messages to clients + * "git daemon" gives more human readable error messages to clients using ERR packets when appropriate. * Errors at the network layer is logged by "git daemon". diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt index 1354ad0..769a6fc 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Fixes since v1.8.2 common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped. * "git submodule update", when recursed into sub-submodules, did not - acccumulate the prefix paths. + accumulate the prefix paths. * "git am $maildir/" applied messages in an unexpected order; sort filenames read from the maildir/ in a way that is more likely to diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt index dab4831..708df1a 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt @@ -58,4 +58,4 @@ Fixes since v1.8.2.1 conflicts have been applied. * "git bundle" did not like a bundle created using a commit without - any message as its one of the prerequistes. + any message as its one of the prerequisites. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt index 04289e7..9ba4f4d 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt @@ -4,6 +4,27 @@ Git v1.8.3.3 Release Notes Fixes since v1.8.3.2 -------------------- + * "git apply" parsed patches that add new files, generated by programs + other than Git, incorrectly. This is an old breakage in v1.7.11. + + * Older cURL wanted piece of memory we call it with to be stable, but + we updated the auth material after handing it to a call. + + * "git pull" into nothing trashed "local changes" that were in the + index. + + * Many "git submodule" operations did not work on a submodule at a + path whose name is not in ASCII. + + * "cherry-pick" had a small leak in its error codepath. + + * Logic used by git-send-email to suppress cc mishandled names like + "A U. Thor" <author@example.xz>, where the human readable part + needs to be quoted (the user input may not have the double quotes + around the name, and comparison was done between quoted and + unquoted strings). It also mishandled names that need RFC2047 + quoting. + * "gitweb" forgot to clear a global variable $search_regexp upon each request, mistakenly carrying over the previous search to a new one when used as a persistent CGI. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..56f106e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +Git v1.8.3.4 Release Notes +========================== + +This update is mostly to propagate documentation fixes and test +updates from the master front back to the maintenance track. + +Fixes since v1.8.3.3 +-------------------- + + * The bisect log listed incorrect commits when bisection ends with + only skipped ones. + + * The test coverage framework was left broken for some time. + + * The test suite for HTTP transport did not run with Apache 2.4. + + * "git diff" used to fail when core.safecrlf is set and the working + tree contents had mixed CRLF/LF line endings. Committing such a + content must be prohibited, but "git diff" should help the user to + locate and fix such problems without failing. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3aa25a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +Git v1.8.4.1 Release Notes +======================== + +Fixes since v1.8.4 +------------------ + + * Some old versions of bash do not grok some constructs like + 'printf -v varname' which the prompt and completion code started + to use recently. The completion and prompt scripts have been + adjusted to work better with these old versions of bash. + + * In FreeBSD's and NetBSD's "sh", a return in a dot script in a + function returns from the function, not only in the dot script, + breaking "git rebase" on these platforms (regression introduced + in 1.8.4-rc1). + + * "git rebase -i" and other scripted commands were feeding a + random, data dependant error message to 'echo' and expecting it + to come out literally. + + * Setting the "submodule.<name>.path" variable to the empty + "true" caused the configuration parser to segfault. + + * Output from "git log --full-diff -- <pathspec>" looked strange + because comparison was done with the previous ancestor that + touched the specified <pathspec>, causing the patches for paths + outside the pathspec to show more than the single commit has + changed. + + * The auto-tag-following code in "git fetch" tries to reuse the + same transport twice when the serving end does not cooperate and + does not give tags that point to commits that are asked for as + part of the primary transfer. Unfortunately, Git-aware transport + helper interface is not designed to be used more than once, hence + this did not work over smart-http transfer. Fixed. + + * Send a large request to read(2)/write(2) as a smaller but still + reasonably large chunks, which would improve the latency when the + operation needs to be killed and incidentally works around broken + 64-bit systems that cannot take a 2GB write or read in one go. + + * A ".mailmap" file that ends with an incomplete line, when read + from a blob, was not handled properly. + + * The recent "short-cut clone connectivity check" topic broke a + shallow repository when a fetch operation tries to auto-follow + tags. + + * When send-email comes up with an error message to die with upon + failure to start an SSL session, it tried to read the error + string from a wrong place. + + * A call to xread() was used without a loop to cope with short + read in the codepath to stream large blobs to a pack. + + * On platforms with fgetc() and friends defined as macros, the + configuration parser did not compile. + + * New versions of MediaWiki introduced a new API for returning + more than 500 results in response to a query, which would cause + the MediaWiki remote helper to go into an infinite loop. + + * Subversion's serf access method (the only one available in + Subversion 1.8) for http and https URLs in skelta mode tells its + caller to open multiple files at a time, which made "git svn + fetch" complain that "Temp file with moniker 'svn_delta' already + in use" instead of fetching. + + +Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation +updates, updates to the test suite, etc. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9adccb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +Git v1.8.4.2 Release Notes +======================== + +Fixes since v1.8.4.1 +-------------------- + + * "git clone" gave some progress messages to the standard output, not + to the standard error, and did not allow suppressing them with the + "--no-progress" option. + + * "format-patch --from=<whom>" forgot to omit unnecessary in-body + from line, i.e. when <whom> is the same as the real author. + + * "git shortlog" used to choke and die when there is a malformed + commit (e.g. missing authors); it now simply ignore such a commit + and keeps going. + + * "git merge-recursive" did not parse its "--diff-algorithm=" command + line option correctly. + + * "git branch --track" had a minor regression in v1.8.3.2 and later + that made it impossible to base your local work on anything but a + local branch of the upstream repository you are tracking from. + + * "git ls-files -k" needs to crawl only the part of the working tree + that may overlap the paths in the index to find killed files, but + shared code with the logic to find all the untracked files, which + made it unnecessarily inefficient. + + * When there is no sufficient overlap between old and new history + during a "git fetch" into a shallow repository, objects that the + sending side knows the receiving end has were unnecessarily sent. + + * When running "fetch -q", a long silence while the sender side + computes the set of objects to send can be mistaken by proxies as + dropped connection. The server side has been taught to send a + small empty messages to keep the connection alive. + + * When the webserver responds with "405 Method Not Allowed", "git + http-backend" should tell the client what methods are allowed with + the "Allow" header. + + * "git cvsserver" computed the permission mode bits incorrectly for + executable files. + + * The implementation of "add -i" has a crippling code to work around + ActiveState Perl limitation but it by mistake also triggered on Git + for Windows where MSYS perl is used. + + * We made sure that we notice the user-supplied GIT_DIR is actually a + gitfile, but did not do the same when the default ".git" is a + gitfile. + + * When an object is not found after checking the packfiles and then + loose object directory, read_sha1_file() re-checks the packfiles to + prevent racing with a concurrent repacker; teach the same logic to + has_sha1_file(). + + * "git commit --author=$name", when $name is not in the canonical + "A. U. Thor <au.thor@example.xz>" format, looks for a matching name + from existing history, but did not consult mailmap to grab the + preferred author name. + + * The commit object names in the insn sheet that was prepared at the + beginning of "rebase -i" session can become ambiguous as the + rebasing progresses and the repository gains more commits. Make + sure the internal record is kept with full 40-hex object names. + + * "git rebase --preserve-merges" internally used the merge machinery + and as a side effect, left merge summary message in the log, but + when rebasing, there should not be a need for merge summary. + + * "git rebase -i" forgot that the comment character can be + configurable while reading its insn sheet. + +Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation +updates, updates to the test suite, etc. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03f3d17 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +Git v1.8.4.3 Release Notes +======================== + +Fixes since v1.8.4.2 +-------------------- + + * The interaction between use of Perl in our test suite and NO_PERL + has been clarified a bit. + + * A fast-import stream expresses a pathname with funny characters by + quoting them in C style; remote-hg remote helper (in contrib/) + forgot to unquote such a path. + + * One long-standing flaw in the pack transfer protocol used by "git + clone" was that there was no way to tell the other end which branch + "HEAD" points at, and the receiving end needed to guess. A new + capability has been defined in the pack protocol to convey this + information so that cloning from a repository with more than one + branches pointing at the same commit where the HEAD is at now + reliably sets the initial branch in the resulting repository. + + * We did not handle cases where http transport gets redirected during + the authorization request (e.g. from http:// to https://). + + * "git rev-list --objects ^v1.0^ v1.0" gave v1.0 tag itself in the + output, but "git rev-list --objects v1.0^..v1.0" did not. + + * The fall-back parsing of commit objects with broken author or + committer lines were less robust than ideal in picking up the + timestamps. + + * Bash prompting code to deal with an SVN remote as an upstream + were coded in a way not supported by older Bash versions (3.x). + + * "git checkout topic", when there is not yet a local "topic" branch + but there is a unique remote-tracking branch for a remote "topic" + branch, pretended as if "git checkout -t -b topic remote/$r/topic" + (for that unique remote $r) was run. This hack however was not + implemented for "git checkout topic --". + + * Coloring around octopus merges in "log --graph" output was screwy. + + * We did not generate HTML version of documentation to "git subtree" + in contrib/. + + * The synopsis section of "git unpack-objects" documentation has been + clarified a bit. + + * An ancient How-To on serving Git repositories on an HTTP server + lacked a warning that it has been mostly superseded with more + modern way. + +Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation +updates, updates to the test suite, etc. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7bc4c5dc --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +Git v1.8.4.4 Release Notes +======================== + +Fixes since v1.8.4.3 +-------------------- + + * The fix in v1.8.4.3 to the pack transfer protocol to propagate + the target of symbolic refs broke "git clone/git fetch" from a + repository with too many symbolic refs. As a hotfix/workaround, + we transfer only the information on HEAD. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..215bd1a --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +Git v1.8.4.5 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.8.4.4 +-------------------- + + * Recent update to remote-hg that attempted to make it work better + with non ASCII pathnames fed Unicode strings to the underlying Hg + API, which was wrong. + + * "git submodule init" copied "submodule.$name.update" settings from + .gitmodules to .git/config without making sure if the suggested + value was sensible. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt index 4250e5a..02f681b 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt @@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ Updates since v1.8.3 Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports. + * Cygwin port has been updated for more recent Cygwin 1.7. + * "git rebase -i" now honors --strategy and -X options. * Git-gui has been updated to its 0.18.0 version. @@ -76,9 +78,70 @@ Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports. * git-remote-mw (in contrib/) hints users to check the certificate, when https:// connection failed. + * git-remote-mw (in contrib/) adds a command to allow previewing the + contents locally before pushing it out, when working with a + MediaWiki remote. + UI, Workflows & Features + * Sample "post-receive-email" hook script got an enhanced replacement + "multimail" (in contrib/). + + * Also in contrib/ is a new "contacts" script that runs "git blame" + to find out the people who may be interested in a set of changes. + + * "git clean" command learned an interactive mode. + + * The "--head" option to "git show-ref" was only to add "HEAD" to the + list of candidate refs to be filtered by the usual rules + (e.g. "--heads" that only show refs under refs/heads). The meaning + of the option has been changed to always show "HEAD" regardless of + what filtering will be applied to any other ref. + + This is a backward incompatible change and might cause breakages to + people's existing scripts. + + * "git show -s" was less discoverable than it should have been. It + now has a natural synonym "git show --no-patch". + + * "git check-mailmap" is a new command that lets you map usernames + and e-mail addresses through the mailmap mechanism, just like many + built-in commands do. + + * "git name-rev" learned to name an annotated tag object back to its + tagname; "git name-rev $(git rev-parse v1.0.0)" gives "tags/v1.0.0", + for example. + + * "git cat-file --batch-check=<format>" is added, primarily to allow + on-disk footprint of objects in packfiles (often they are a lot + smaller than their true size, when expressed as deltas) to be + reported. + + * "git rebase [-i]" used to leave just "rebase" as its reflog messages + for some operations. They have been reworded to be more informative. + + * In addition to the choice from "rebase, merge, or checkout-detach", + "submodule update" can allow a custom command to be used in to + update the working tree of submodules via the "submodule.*.update" + configuration variable. + + * "git submodule update" can optionally clone the submodule + repositories shallowly. + + * "git format-patch" learned "--from[=whom]" option, which sets the + "From: " header to the specified person (or the person who runs the + command, if "=whom" part is missing) and move the original author + information to an in-body From: header as necessary. + + * The configuration variable "merge.ff" was cleary a tri-state to + choose one from "favor fast-forward when possible", "always create + a merge even when the history could fast-forward" and "do not + create any merge, only update when the history fast-forwards", but + the command line parser did not implement the usual convention of + "last one wins, and command line overrides the configuration" + correctly. + * "gitweb" learned to optionally place extra links that point at the levels higher than the Gitweb pages themselves in the breadcrumbs, so that it can be used as part of a larger installation. @@ -127,7 +190,7 @@ UI, Workflows & Features directly uses the 40-hex string as an object name, even if a ref "refs/<some hierarchy>/<name>" exists. This disambiguation order is unlikely to change, but we should warn about the ambiguity just - like we warn when more than one refs/ hierachies share the same + like we warn when more than one refs/ hierarchies share the same name. * "git rebase" learned "--[no-]autostash" option to save local @@ -135,9 +198,6 @@ UI, Workflows & Features response was to stash them and re-run). This introduced a corner case breakage to "git am --abort" but it has been fixed. - * Instead of typing four capital letters "HEAD", you can say "@" now, - e.g. "git log @". - * "check-ignore" (new feature since 1.8.2) has been updated to work more like "check-attr" over bidi-pipes. @@ -179,6 +239,24 @@ UI, Workflows & Features Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. + * On Cygwin, we used to use our own lstat(2) emulation that is + allegedly faster than the platform one in codepaths where some of + the information it returns did not matter, but it started to bite + us in a few codepaths where the trick it uses to cheat does show + breakages. This emulation has been removed and we use the native + lstat(2) emulation supplied by Cygwin now. + + * The function attributes extensions are used to catch mistakes in + use of our own variadic functions that use NULL sentinel at the end + (i.e. like execl(3)) and format strings (i.e. like printf(3)). + + * The code to allow configuration data to be read from in-tree blob + objects is in. This may help working in a bare repository and + submodule updates. + + * Fetching between repositories with many refs employed O(n^2) + algorithm to match up the common objects, which has been corrected. + * The original way to specify remote repository using .git/branches/ used to have a nifty feature. The code to support the feature was still in a function but the caller was changed not to call it 5 @@ -189,7 +267,7 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. been susceptible to lossage of refs under right conditions, which has been tightened up. - * We read loose and packed rerferences in two steps, but after + * We read loose and packed references in two steps, but after deciding to read a loose ref but before actually opening it to read it, another process racing with us can unlink it, which would cause us to barf. The codepath has been updated to retry when such a @@ -244,6 +322,35 @@ Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.3 in the maintenance track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for details). + * Newer Net::SMTP::SSL module does not want the user programs to use + the default behaviour to let server certificate go without + verification, so by default enable the verification with a + mechanism to turn it off if needed. + (merge 35035bb rr/send-email-ssl-verify later to maint). + + * When "git" is spawned in such a way that any of the low 3 file + descriptors is closed, our first open() may yield file descriptor 2, + and writing error message to it would screw things up in a big way. + (merge a11c396 tr/protect-low-3-fds later to maint). + + * The mailmap mechanism unnecessarily downcased the e-mail addresses + in the output, and also ignored the human name when it is a single + character name. + (merge bd23794 jc/mailmap-case-insensitivity later to maint). + + * In two places we did not check return value (expected to be a file + descriptor) correctly. + (merge a77f106 tr/fd-gotcha-fixes later to maint). + + * Logic to auto-detect character encodings in the commit log message + did not reject overlong and invalid UTF-8 characters. + (merge 81050ac bc/commit-invalid-utf8 later to maint). + + * Pass port number as a separate argument when "send-email" initializes + Net::SMTP, instead of as a part of the hostname, i.e. host:port. + This allows GSSAPI codepath to match with the hostname given. + (merge 1a741bf bc/send-email-use-port-as-separate-param later to maint). + * "git diff" refused to even show difference when core.safecrlf is set to true (i.e. error out) and there are offending lines in the working tree files. @@ -262,12 +369,6 @@ details). the user to an unexpected place. (merge 3bed291 rr/rebase-checkout-reflog later to maint). - * "git stash save", when your local change turns a tracked file into - a directory, has to remove files in that directory in order to - revert your working tree to a pristine state. This will lose - untracked files in such a directory, and the command now requires - you to "--force" it. - * The configuration variable column.ui was poorly documented. (merge 5e62cc1 rr/column-doc later to maint). @@ -278,23 +379,18 @@ details). * "git apply" parsed patches that add new files, generated by programs other than Git, incorrectly. This is an old breakage in - v1.7.11 and will need to be merged down to the maintanance tracks. - (merge 212eb96 tr/maint-apply-non-git-patch-parsefix later to maint). + v1.7.11 and will need to be merged down to the maintenance tracks. * Older cURL wanted piece of memory we call it with to be stable, but we updated the auth material after handing it to a call. - (merge a94cf2c bc/http-keep-memory-given-to-curl later to maint). * "git pull" into nothing trashed "local changes" that were in the index, and this avoids it. - (merge b4dc085 jk/pull-into-dirty-unborn later to maint). * Many "git submodule" operations do not work on a submodule at a path whose name is not in ASCII. - (merge bed9470 fg/submodule-non-ascii-path later to maint). * "cherry-pick" had a small leak in an error codepath. - (merge 706728a fc/sequencer-plug-leak later to maint). * Logic used by git-send-email to suppress cc mishandled names like "A U. Thor" <author@example.xz>, where the human readable part @@ -302,7 +398,6 @@ details). around the name, and comparison was done between quoted and unquoted strings). It also mishandled names that need RFC2047 quoting. - (merge 1495266 mt/send-email-cc-match-fix later to maint). * Call to discard_cache/discard_index (used when we use different contents of the index in-core, in many operations like commit, @@ -313,102 +408,79 @@ details). * "gitweb" forgot to clear a global variable $search_regexp upon each request, mistakenly carrying over the previous search to a new one when used as a persistent CGI. - (merge ca7a5dc cm/gitweb-project-list-persistent-cgi-fix later to maint). * The wildmatch engine did not honor WM_CASEFOLD option correctly. - (merge b79c0c3 ar/wildmatch-foldcase later to maint). * "git log -c --follow $path" segfaulted upon hitting the commit that renamed the $path being followed. - (merge 46ec510 cb/log-follow-with-combined later to maint). * When a reflog notation is used for implicit "current branch", we did not say which branch and worse said "branch ''". - (merge 305ebea rr/die-on-missing-upstream later to maint). * "difftool --dir-diff" did not copy back changes made by the end-user in the diff tool backend to the working tree in some cases. - (merge 32eaf1d ks/difftool-dir-diff-copy-fix later to maint). * "git push $there HEAD:branch" did not resolve HEAD early enough, so it was easy to flip it around while push is still going on and push out a branch that the user did not originally intended when the command was started. - (merge 0f075b2 rr/push-head later to maint). * The bash prompt code (in contrib/) displayed the name of the branch being rebased when "rebase -i/-m/-p" modes are in use, but not the plain vanilla "rebase". - (merge 1306321 fc/show-branch-in-rebase-am later to maint). * Handling of negative exclude pattern for directories "!dir" was broken in the update to v1.8.3. - (merge c3c327d kb/status-ignored-optim-2 later to maint). * zsh prompt script that borrowed from bash prompt script did not work due to slight differences in array variable notation between these two shells. - (merge d0583da tg/maint-zsh-svn-remote-prompt later to maint). * An entry for "file://" scheme in the enumeration of URL types Git can take in the HTML documentation was made into a clickable link by mistake. - (merge 4c32e36 nd/urls-doc-no-file-hyperlink-fix later to maint). * "git push --[no-]verify" was not documented. - (merge 90d32d1 tr/push-no-verify-doc later to maint). * Stop installing the git-remote-testpy script that is only used for testing. - (merge 416fda6 fc/makefile later to maint). * "git commit --allow-empty-message -m ''" should not start an editor. - (merge 2520677 rs/commit-m-no-edit later to maint). * "git merge @{-1}~22" was rewritten to "git merge frotz@{1}~22" incorrectly when your previous branch was "frotz" (it should be rewritten to "git merge frotz~22" instead). - (merge 84cf246 jc/strbuf-branchname-fix later to maint). * "git diff -c -p" was not showing a deleted line from a hunk when another hunk immediately begins where the earlier one ends. - (merge aac3857 mk/combine-diff-context-horizon-fix later to maint). * "git log --ancestry-path A...B" did not work as expected, as it did not pay attention to the fact that the merge base between A and B was the bottom of the range being specified. - (merge a765499 kb/ancestry-path-threedots later to maint). * Mac OS X does not like to write(2) more than INT_MAX number of bytes; work it around by chopping write(2) into smaller pieces. - (merge 6c642a8 fc/macos-x-clipped-write later to maint). * Newer MacOS X encourages the programs to compile and link with their CommonCrypto, not with OpenSSL. - (merge be4c828 da/darwin later to maint). * "git clone foo/bar:baz" cannot be a request to clone from a remote over git-over-ssh specified in the scp style. This case is now detected and clones from a local repository at "foo/bar:baz". - (merge 6000334 nd/clone-local-with-colon later to maint). * When $HOME is misconfigured to point at an unreadable directory, we used to complain and die. Loosen the check. - (merge 4698c8f jn/config-ignore-inaccessible later to maint). * "git subtree" (in contrib/) had one codepath with loose error checks to lose data at the remote side. - (merge 3212d56 jk/subtree-do-not-push-if-split-fails later to maint). * "git fetch" into a shallow repository from a repository that does not know about the shallow boundary commits (e.g. a different fork from the repository the current shallow repository was cloned from) did not work correctly. - (merge 71d5f93 mh/fetch-into-shallow later to maint). * "git checkout foo" DWIMs the intended "upstream" and turns it into "git checkout -t -b foo remotes/origin/foo". This codepath has been updated to correctly take existing remote definitions into account. - (merge 229177a jh/checkout-auto-tracking later to maint). diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7236aaf --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +Git v1.8.5.1 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.8.5 +------------------ + + * "git submodule init" copied "submodule.$name.update" settings from + .gitmodules to .git/config without making sure if the suggested + value was sensible. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..602df0c --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,456 @@ +Git v1.8.5 Release Notes +======================== + +Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0) +------------------------------------------ + +When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the +traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent +to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name +over there). In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple" +semantics, which pushes: + + - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only + when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote + branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or + + - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you + are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from. + +Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to +change this. If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching" +semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the +traditional behaviour. If you want to live in the future early, you +can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0. + +When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and +does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it +will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency +with "git commit -a" and other commands. There will be no +mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .". +Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start +training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ." +before Git 2.0 comes. A warning is issued when these commands are +run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the +current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different +from today's version in such a situation. + +In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so +that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory +and record the removal. Versions before Git 2.0, including this +release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this +behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>" +now before 2.0 is released. + +The default prefix for "git svn" will change in Git 2.0. For a long +time, "git svn" created its remote-tracking branches directly under +refs/remotes, but it will place them under refs/remotes/origin/ unless +it is told otherwise with its --prefix option. + + +Updates since v1.8.4 +-------------------- + +Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports. + + * "git-svn" has been taught to use the serf library, which is the + only option SVN 1.8.0 offers us when talking the HTTP protocol. + + * "git-svn" talking over an https:// connection using the serf library + dumped core due to a bug in the serf library that SVN uses. Work + around it on our side, even though the SVN side is being fixed. + + * On MacOS X, we detected if the filesystem needs the "pre-composed + unicode strings" workaround, but did not automatically enable it. + Now we do. + + * remote-hg remote helper misbehaved when interacting with a local Hg + repository relative to the home directory, e.g. "clone hg::~/there". + + * imap-send ported to OS X uses Apple's security framework instead of + OpenSSL's. + + * "git fast-import" treats an empty path given to "ls" as the root of + the tree. + + +UI, Workflows & Features + + * xdg-open can be used as a browser backend for "git web-browse" + (hence to show "git help -w" output), when available. + + * "git grep" and "git show" pay attention to the "--textconv" option + when these commands are told to operate on blob objects (e.g. "git + grep -e pattern --textconv HEAD:Makefile"). + + * "git replace" helper no longer allows an object to be replaced with + another object of a different type to avoid confusion (you can + still manually craft such a replacement using "git update-ref", as an + escape hatch). + + * "git status" no longer prints the dirty status information of + submodules for which submodule.$name.ignore is set to "all". + + * "git rebase -i" honours core.abbrev when preparing the insn sheet + for editing. + + * "git status" during a cherry-pick shows which original commit is + being picked. + + * Instead of typing four capital letters "HEAD", you can say "@" now, + e.g. "git log @". + + * "git check-ignore" follows the same rule as "git add" and "git + status" in that the ignore/exclude mechanism does not take effect + on paths that are already tracked. With the "--no-index" option, it + can be used to diagnose which paths that should have been ignored + have been mistakenly added to the index. + + * Some irrelevant "advice" messages that are shared with "git status" + output have been removed from the commit log template. + + * "update-refs" learned a "--stdin" option to read multiple update + requests and perform them in an all-or-none fashion. + + * Just like "make -C <directory>", "git -C <directory> ..." tells Git + to go there before doing anything else. + + * Just like "git checkout -" knows to check out, and "git merge -" + knows to merge, the branch you were previously on, "git cherry-pick" + now understands "git cherry-pick -" to pick from the previous + branch. + + * "git status" now omits the prefix to make its output a comment in a + commit log editor, which is not necessary for human consumption. + Scripts that parse the output of "git status" are advised to use + "git status --porcelain" instead, as its format is stable and easier + to parse. + + * The ref syntax "foo^{tag}" (with the literal string "{tag}") peels a + tag ref to itself, i.e. it's a no-op., and fails if + "foo" is not a tag. "git rev-parse --verify v1.0^{tag}" is + a more convenient way than "test $(git cat-file -t v1.0) = tag" to + check if v1.0 is a tag. + + * "git branch -v -v" (and "git status") did not distinguish among a + branch that is not based on any other branch, a branch that is in + sync with its upstream branch, and a branch that is configured with an + upstream branch that no longer exists. + + * Earlier we started rejecting any attempt to add the 0{40} object name to + the index and to tree objects, but it sometimes is necessary to + allow this to be able to use tools like filter-branch to correct such + broken tree objects. "filter-branch" can again be used to do this. + + * "git config" did not provide a way to set or access numbers larger + than a native "int" on the platform; it now provides 64-bit signed + integers on all platforms. + + * "git pull --rebase" always chose to do the bog-standard flattening + rebase. You can tell it to run "rebase --preserve-merges" with + "git pull --rebase=preserve" or by + setting "pull.rebase" configuration to "preserve". + + * "git push --no-thin" actually disables the "thin pack transfer" + optimization. + + * Magic pathspecs like ":(icase)makefile" (matches both Makefile + and makefile) and ":(glob)foo/**/bar" (matches "bar" in "foo" + and any subdirectory of "foo") can be used in more places. + + * The "http.*" variables can now be specified for individual URLs. + For example, + + [http] + sslVerify = true + [http "https://weak.example.com/"] + sslVerify = false + + would flip http.sslVerify off only when talking to that specific + site. + + * "git mv A B" when moving a submodule has been taught to + relocate the submodule's working tree and to adjust the paths in the + .gitmodules file. + + * "git blame" can now take more than one -L option to discover the + origin of multiple blocks of lines. + + * The http transport clients can optionally ask to save cookies + with the http.savecookies configuration variable. + + * "git push" learned a more fine grained control over a blunt + "--force" when requesting a non-fast-forward update with the + "--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expected object name>" option. + + * "git diff --diff-filter=<classes of changes>" can now take + lowercase letters (e.g. "--diff-filter=d") to mean "show + everything but these classes". "git diff-files -q" is now a + deprecated synonym for "git diff-files --diff-filter=d". + + * "git fetch" (hence "git pull" as well) learned to check + "fetch.prune" and "remote.*.prune" configuration variables and + to behave as if the "--prune" command line option was given. + + * "git check-ignore -z" applied the NUL termination to both its input + (with --stdin) and its output, but "git check-attr -z" ignored the + option on the output side. Make both honor -z on the input and + output side the same way. + + * "git whatchanged" may still be used by old timers, but mention of + it in documents meant for new users will only waste readers' time + wondering what the difference is between it and "git log". Make it + less prominent in the general part of the documentation and explain + that it is merely a "git log" with different default behaviour in + its own document. + + +Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. + + * "git for-each-ref" when asking for merely the object name does not + have to parse the object pointed at by the refs; the codepath has + been optimized. + + * The HTTP transport will try to use TCP keepalive when able. + + * "git repack" is now written in C. + + * Build procedure for MSVC has been updated. + + * If a build-time fallback is set to "cat" instead of "less", we + should apply the same "no subprocess or pipe" optimization as we + apply to user-supplied GIT_PAGER=cat. + + * Many commands use a --dashed-option as an operation mode selector + (e.g. "git tag --delete") that excludes other operation modes + (e.g. "git tag --delete --verify" is nonsense) and that cannot be + negated (e.g. "git tag --no-delete" is nonsense). The parse-options + API learned a new OPT_CMDMODE macro to make it easier to implement + such a set of options. + + * OPT_BOOLEAN() in the parse-options API was misdesigned to be "counting + up" but many subcommands expect it to behave as "on/off". Update + them to use OPT_BOOL() which is a proper boolean. + + * "git gc" exits early without doing any work when it detects + that another instance of itself is already running. + + * Under memory pressure and/or file descriptor pressure, we used to + close pack windows that are not used and also closed filehandles to + open but unused packfiles. These are now controlled separately + to better cope with the load. + +Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. + + +Fixes since v1.8.4 +------------------ + +Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.4 in the maintenance +track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases' notes for +details). + + * An ancient How-To on serving Git repositories on an HTTP server + lacked a warning that it has been mostly superseded with a more + modern way. + (merge 6d52bc3 sc/doc-howto-dumb-http later to maint). + + * The interaction between the use of Perl in our test suite and NO_PERL + has been clarified a bit. + (merge f8fc0ee jn/test-prereq-perl-doc later to maint). + + * The synopsis section of the "git unpack-objects" documentation has been + clarified a bit. + (merge 61e2e22 vd/doc-unpack-objects later to maint). + + * We did not generate the HTML version of the documentation to "git subtree" + in contrib/. + (merge 95c62fb jk/subtree-install-fix later to maint). + + * A fast-import stream expresses a pathname with funny characters by + quoting them in C style; the remote-hg remote helper forgot to unquote + such a path. + (merge 1136265 ap/remote-hg-unquote-cquote later to maint). + + * "git reset -p HEAD" has a codepath to special-case it to behave + differently from resetting to contents of other commits, but a + recent change broke it. + + * Coloring around octopus merges in "log --graph" output was screwy. + (merge 339c17b hn/log-graph-color-octopus later to maint). + + * "git checkout topic", when there is not yet a local "topic" branch + but there is a unique remote-tracking branch for a remote "topic" + branch, pretended as if "git checkout -t -b topic remote/$r/topic" + (for that unique remote $r) was run. This hack however was not + implemented for "git checkout topic --". + (merge bca3969 mm/checkout-auto-track-fix later to maint). + + * One long-standing flaw in the pack transfer protocol used by "git + clone" was that there was no way to tell the other end which branch + "HEAD" points at, and the receiving end needed to guess. A new + capability has been defined in the pack protocol to convey this + information so that cloning from a repository with more than one + branch pointing at the same commit where the HEAD is at now + reliably sets the initial branch in the resulting repository. + (merge 360a326 jc/upload-pack-send-symref later to maint). + + * We did not handle cases where the http transport gets redirected during + the authorization request (e.g. from http:// to https://). + (merge 70900ed jk/http-auth-redirects later to maint). + + * Bash prompting code to deal with an SVN remote as an upstream + was coded in a way unsupported by older Bash versions (3.x). + (merge 52ec889 sg/prompt-svn-remote-fix later to maint). + + * The fall-back parsing of commit objects with broken author or + committer lines was less robust than ideal in picking up the + timestamps. + (merge 03818a4 jk/split-broken-ident later to maint). + + * "git rev-list --objects ^v1.0^ v1.0" gave the v1.0 tag itself in the + output, but "git rev-list --objects v1.0^..v1.0" did not. + (merge 895c5ba jc/revision-range-unpeel later to maint). + + * "git clone" wrote some progress messages to standard output, not + to standard error, and did not suppress them with the + --no-progress option. + (merge 643f918 jk/clone-progress-to-stderr later to maint). + + * "format-patch --from=<whom>" forgot to omit an unnecessary in-body + from line, i.e. when <whom> is the same as the real author. + (merge 662cc30 jk/format-patch-from later to maint). + + * "git shortlog" used to choke and die when there is a malformed + commit (e.g. missing authors); it now simply ignores such a commit + and keeps going. + (merge cd4f09e jk/shortlog-tolerate-broken-commit later to maint). + + * "git merge-recursive" did not parse its "--diff-algorithm=" command + line option correctly. + (merge 6562928 jk/diff-algo later to maint). + + * When running "fetch -q", a long silence while the sender side + computes the set of objects to send can be mistaken by proxies as + dropped connection. The server side has been taught to send a + small empty messages to keep the connection alive. + (merge 115dedd jk/upload-pack-keepalive later to maint). + + * "git rebase" had a portability regression in v1.8.4 that triggered a + bug in some BSD shell implementations. + (merge 99855dd mm/rebase-continue-freebsd-WB later to maint). + + * "git branch --track" had a minor regression in v1.8.3.2 and later + that made it impossible to base your local work on anything but a + local branch of the upstream repository you are tracking. + (merge b0f49ff jh/checkout-auto-tracking later to maint). + + * When the web server responds with "405 Method Not Allowed", "git + http-backend" should tell the client what methods are allowed with + the "Allow" header. + (merge 9247be0 bc/http-backend-allow-405 later to maint). + + * When there is no sufficient overlap between old and new history + during a "git fetch" into a shallow repository, objects that the + sending side knows the receiving end has were unnecessarily sent. + (merge f21d2a7 nd/fetch-into-shallow later to maint). + + * "git cvsserver" computed the permission mode bits incorrectly for + executable files. + (merge 1b48d56 jc/cvsserver-perm-bit-fix later to maint). + + * When send-email obtains an error message to die with upon + failure to start an SSL session, it tried to read the error string + from a wrong place. + (merge 6cb0c88 bc/send-email-ssl-die-message-fix later to maint). + + * The implementation of "add -i" has some crippling code to work around an + ActiveState Perl limitation but it by mistake also triggered on Git + for Windows where MSYS perl is used. + (merge df17e77 js/add-i-mingw later to maint). + + * We made sure that we notice when the user-supplied GIT_DIR is actually a + gitfile, but did not do the same when the default ".git" is a + gitfile. + (merge 487a2b7 nd/git-dir-pointing-at-gitfile later to maint). + + * When an object is not found after checking the packfiles and the + loose object directory, read_sha1_file() re-checks the packfiles to + prevent racing with a concurrent repacker; teach the same logic to + has_sha1_file(). + (merge 45e8a74 jk/has-sha1-file-retry-packed later to maint). + + * "git commit --author=$name", when $name is not in the canonical + "A. U. Thor <au.thor@example.xz>" format, looks for a matching name + from existing history, but did not consult mailmap to grab the + preferred author name. + (merge ea16794 ap/commit-author-mailmap later to maint). + + * "git ls-files -k" needs to crawl only the part of the working tree + that may overlap the paths in the index to find killed files, but + shared code with the logic to find all the untracked files, which + made it unnecessarily inefficient. + (merge 680be04 jc/ls-files-killed-optim later to maint). + + * The shortened commit object names in the insn sheet that is prepared at the + beginning of a "rebase -i" session can become ambiguous as the + rebasing progresses and the repository gains more commits. Make + sure the internal record is kept with full 40-hex object names. + (merge 75c6976 es/rebase-i-no-abbrev later to maint). + + * "git rebase --preserve-merges" internally used the merge machinery + and as a side effect left the merge summary message in the log, but + when rebasing there is no need for the merge summary. + (merge a9f739c rt/rebase-p-no-merge-summary later to maint). + + * A call to xread() was used without a loop around it to cope with short + reads in the codepath to stream new contents to a pack. + (merge e92527c js/xread-in-full later to maint). + + * "git rebase -i" forgot that the comment character is + configurable while reading its insn sheet. + (merge 7bca7af es/rebase-i-respect-core-commentchar later to maint). + + * The mailmap support code read past the allocated buffer when the + mailmap file ended with an incomplete line. + (merge f972a16 jk/mailmap-incomplete-line later to maint). + + * We used to send a large request to read(2)/write(2) as a single + system call, which was bad from the latency point of view when + the operation needs to be killed, and also triggered an error on + broken 64-bit systems that refuse to read or write more than 2GB + in one go. + (merge a487916 sp/clip-read-write-to-8mb later to maint). + + * "git fetch" that auto-followed tags incorrectly reused the + connection with Git-aware transport helper (like the sample "ext::" + helper shipped with Git). + (merge 0f73f8b jc/transport-do-not-use-connect-twice-in-fetch later to maint). + + * "git log --full-diff -- <pathspec>" showed a huge diff for paths + outside the given <pathspec> for each commit, instead of showing + the change relative to the parent of the commit. "git reflog -p" + had a similar problem. + (merge 838f9a1 tr/log-full-diff-keep-true-parents later to maint). + + * Setting a submodule.*.path configuration variable to true (without + giving "= value") caused Git to segfault. + (merge 4b05440 jl/some-submodule-config-are-not-boolean later to maint). + + * "git rebase -i" (there could be others, as the root cause is pretty + generic) fed a random, data dependent string to 'echo' and + expected it to come out literally, corrupting its error message. + (merge 89b0230 mm/no-shell-escape-in-die-message later to maint). + + * Some people still use rather old versions of bash, which cannot + grok some constructs like 'printf -v varname' which the prompt and + completion code started to use recently. + (merge a44aa69 bc/completion-for-bash-3.0 later to maint). + + * Code to read configuration from a blob object did not compile on + platforms with fgetc() etc. implemented as macros. + (merge 49d6cfa hv/config-from-blob later to maint-1.8.3). + + * The recent "short-cut clone connectivity check" topic broke a + shallow repository when a fetch operation tries to auto-follow tags. + (merge 6da8bdc nd/fetch-pack-shallow-fix later to maint-1.8.3). diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches index d0a4733..7055576 100644 --- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches @@ -65,7 +65,20 @@ feature does not trigger when it shouldn't. Also make sure that the test suite passes after your commit. Do not forget to update the documentation to describe the updated behaviour. -Oh, another thing. I am picky about whitespaces. Make sure your +Speaking of the documentation, it is currently a liberal mixture of US +and UK English norms for spelling and grammar, which is somewhat +unfortunate. A huge patch that touches the files all over the place +only to correct the inconsistency is not welcome, though. Potential +clashes with other changes that can result from such a patch are not +worth it. We prefer to gradually reconcile the inconsistencies in +favor of US English, with small and easily digestible patches, as a +side effect of doing some other real work in the vicinity (e.g. +rewriting a paragraph for clarity, while turning en_UK spelling to +en_US). Obvious typographical fixes are much more welcomed ("teh -> +"the"), preferably submitted as independent patches separate from +other documentation changes. + +Oh, another thing. We are picky about whitespaces. Make sure your changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped in templates/hooks--pre-commit. To help ensure this does not happen, run git diff --check on your changes before you commit. diff --git a/Documentation/blame-options.txt b/Documentation/blame-options.txt index e9f984b..0cebc4f 100644 --- a/Documentation/blame-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/blame-options.txt @@ -9,10 +9,14 @@ --show-stats:: Include additional statistics at the end of blame output. --L <start>,<end>, -L :<regex>:: - Annotate only the given line range. <start> and <end> can take - one of these forms: - +-L <start>,<end>:: +-L :<regex>:: + Annotate only the given line range. May be specified multiple times. + Overlapping ranges are allowed. ++ +<start> and <end> are optional. ``-L <start>'' or ``-L <start>,'' spans from +<start> to end of file. ``-L ,<end>'' spans from start of file to <end>. ++ include::line-range-format.txt[] -l:: diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt index 81856dd..ab26963 100644 --- a/Documentation/config.txt +++ b/Documentation/config.txt @@ -170,8 +170,8 @@ advice.*:: pushNeedsForce:: Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an - object that is not a committish, or make the remote - ref point at an object that is not a committish. + object that is not a commit-ish, or make the remote + ref point at an object that is not a commit-ish. statusHints:: Show directions on how to proceed from the current state in the output of linkgit:git-status[1], in @@ -213,17 +213,6 @@ The default is true, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1] will probe and set core.fileMode false if appropriate when the repository is created. -core.ignoreCygwinFSTricks:: - This option is only used by Cygwin implementation of Git. If false, - the Cygwin stat() and lstat() functions are used. This may be useful - if your repository consists of a few separate directories joined in - one hierarchy using Cygwin mount. If true, Git uses native Win32 API - whenever it is possible and falls back to Cygwin functions only to - handle symbol links. The native mode is more than twice faster than - normal Cygwin l/stat() functions. True by default, unless core.filemode - is true, in which case ignoreCygwinFSTricks is ignored as Cygwin's - POSIX emulation is required to support core.filemode. - core.ignorecase:: If true, this option enables various workarounds to enable Git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive, @@ -564,22 +553,20 @@ sequence.editor:: When not configured the default commit message editor is used instead. core.pager:: - The command that Git will use to paginate output. Can - be overridden with the `GIT_PAGER` environment - variable. Note that Git sets the `LESS` environment - variable to `FRSX` if it is unset when it runs the - pager. One can change these settings by setting the - `LESS` variable to some other value. Alternately, - these settings can be overridden on a project or - global basis by setting the `core.pager` option. - Setting `core.pager` has no effect on the `LESS` - environment variable behaviour above, so if you want - to override Git's default settings this way, you need - to be explicit. For example, to disable the S option - in a backward compatible manner, set `core.pager` - to `less -+S`. This will be passed to the shell by - Git, which will translate the final command to - `LESS=FRSX less -+S`. + Text viewer for use by Git commands (e.g., 'less'). The value + is meant to be interpreted by the shell. The order of preference + is the `$GIT_PAGER` environment variable, then `core.pager` + configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then the default chosen at + compile time (usually 'less'). ++ +When the `LESS` environment variable is unset, Git sets it to `FRSX` +(if `LESS` environment variable is set, Git does not change it at +all). If you want to selectively override Git's default setting +for `LESS`, you can set `core.pager` to e.g. `less -+S`. This will +be passed to the shell by Git, which will translate the final +command to `LESS=FRSX less -+S`. The environment tells the command +to set the `S` option to chop long lines but the command line +resets it to the default to fold long lines. core.whitespace:: A comma separated list of common whitespace problems to @@ -737,6 +724,8 @@ branch.<name>.remote:: overridden by `branch.<name>.pushremote`. If no remote is configured, or if you are not on any branch, it defaults to `origin` for fetching and `remote.pushdefault` for pushing. + Additionally, `.` (a period) is the current local repository + (a dot-repository), see `branch.<name>.merge`'s final note below. branch.<name>.pushremote:: When on branch <name>, it overrides `branch.<name>.remote` for @@ -762,8 +751,8 @@ branch.<name>.merge:: Specify multiple values to get an octopus merge. If you wish to setup 'git pull' so that it merges into <name> from another branch in the local repository, you can point - branch.<name>.merge to the desired branch, and use the special setting - `.` (a period) for branch.<name>.remote. + branch.<name>.merge to the desired branch, and use the relative path + setting `.` (a period) for branch.<name>.remote. branch.<name>.mergeoptions:: Sets default options for merging into branch <name>. The syntax and @@ -777,6 +766,10 @@ branch.<name>.rebase:: "git pull" is run. See "pull.rebase" for doing this in a non branch-specific manner. + + When preserve, also pass `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase' + so that locally committed merge commits will not be flattened + by running 'git pull'. ++ *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details). @@ -798,8 +791,8 @@ browser.<tool>.path:: working repository in gitweb (see linkgit:git-instaweb[1]). clean.requireForce:: - A boolean to make git-clean do nothing unless given -f - or -n. Defaults to true. + A boolean to make git-clean do nothing unless given -f, + -i or -n. Defaults to true. color.branch:: A boolean to enable/disable color in the output of @@ -879,16 +872,17 @@ The values of these variables may be specified as in color.branch.<slot>. color.interactive:: When set to `always`, always use colors for interactive prompts - and displays (such as those used by "git-add --interactive"). - When false (or `never`), never. When set to `true` or `auto`, use - colors only when the output is to the terminal. Defaults to false. + and displays (such as those used by "git-add --interactive" and + "git-clean --interactive"). When false (or `never`), never. + When set to `true` or `auto`, use colors only when the output is + to the terminal. Defaults to false. color.interactive.<slot>:: - Use customized color for 'git add --interactive' - output. `<slot>` may be `prompt`, `header`, `help` or `error`, for - four distinct types of normal output from interactive - commands. The values of these variables may be specified as - in color.branch.<slot>. + Use customized color for 'git add --interactive' and 'git clean + --interactive' output. `<slot>` may be `prompt`, `header`, `help` + or `error`, for four distinct types of normal output from + interactive commands. The values of these variables may be + specified as in color.branch.<slot>. color.pager:: A boolean to enable/disable colored output when the pager is in @@ -973,6 +967,10 @@ column.branch:: Specify whether to output branch listing in `git branch` in columns. See `column.ui` for details. +column.clean:: + Specify the layout when list items in `git clean -i`, which always + shows files and directories in columns. See `column.ui` for details. + column.status:: Specify whether to output untracked files in `git status` in columns. See `column.ui` for details. @@ -1067,6 +1065,10 @@ fetch.unpackLimit:: especially on slow filesystems. If not set, the value of `transfer.unpackLimit` is used instead. +fetch.prune:: + If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the `--prune` + option was given on the command line. See also `remote.<name>.prune`. + format.attach:: Enable multipart/mixed attachments as the default for 'format-patch'. The value can also be a double quoted string @@ -1451,7 +1453,11 @@ http.cookiefile:: of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers or the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format (see linkgit:curl[1]). NOTE that the file specified with http.cookiefile is only used as - input. No cookies will be stored in the file. + input unless http.saveCookies is set. + +http.savecookies:: + If set, store cookies received during requests to the file specified by + http.cookiefile. Has no effect if http.cookiefile is unset. http.sslVerify:: Whether to verify the SSL certificate when fetching or pushing @@ -1531,6 +1537,51 @@ http.useragent:: of common USER_AGENT strings (but not including those like git/1.7.1). Can be overridden by the 'GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT' environment variable. +http.<url>.*:: + Any of the http.* options above can be applied selectively to some urls. + For a config key to match a URL, each element of the config key is + compared to that of the URL, in the following order: ++ +-- +. Scheme (e.g., `https` in `https://example.com/`). This field + must match exactly between the config key and the URL. + +. Host/domain name (e.g., `example.com` in `https://example.com/`). + This field must match exactly between the config key and the URL. + +. Port number (e.g., `8080` in `http://example.com:8080/`). + This field must match exactly between the config key and the URL. + Omitted port numbers are automatically converted to the correct + default for the scheme before matching. + +. Path (e.g., `repo.git` in `https://example.com/repo.git`). The + path field of the config key must match the path field of the URL + either exactly or as a prefix of slash-delimited path elements. This means + a config key with path `foo/` matches URL path `foo/bar`. A prefix can only + match on a slash (`/`) boundary. Longer matches take precedence (so a config + key with path `foo/bar` is a better match to URL path `foo/bar` than a config + key with just path `foo/`). + +. User name (e.g., `user` in `https://user@example.com/repo.git`). If + the config key has a user name it must match the user name in the + URL exactly. If the config key does not have a user name, that + config key will match a URL with any user name (including none), + but at a lower precedence than a config key with a user name. +-- ++ +The list above is ordered by decreasing precedence; a URL that matches +a config key's path is preferred to one that matches its user name. For example, +if the URL is `https://user@example.com/foo/bar` a config key match of +`https://example.com/foo` will be preferred over a config key match of +`https://user@example.com`. ++ +All URLs are normalized before attempting any matching (the password part, +if embedded in the URL, is always ignored for matching purposes) so that +equivalent urls that are simply spelled differently will match properly. +Environment variable settings always override any matches. The urls that are +matched against are those given directly to Git commands. This means any URLs +visited as a result of a redirection do not participate in matching. + i18n.commitEncoding:: Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; Git itself does not care per se, but this information is necessary e.g. when @@ -1832,6 +1883,10 @@ pull.rebase:: pull" is run. See "branch.<name>.rebase" for setting this on a per-branch basis. + + When preserve, also pass `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase' + so that locally committed merge commits will not be flattened + by running 'git pull'. ++ *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details). @@ -2030,6 +2085,12 @@ remote.<name>.vcs:: Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause Git to interact with the remote with the git-remote-<vcs> helper. +remote.<name>.prune:: + When set to true, fetching from this remote by default will also + remove any remote-tracking branches which no longer exist on the + remote (as if the `--prune` option was give on the command line). + Overrides `fetch.prune` settings, if any. + remotes.<group>:: The list of remotes which are fetched by "git remote update <group>". See linkgit:git-remote[1]. @@ -2068,6 +2129,10 @@ sendemail.smtpencryption:: sendemail.smtpssl:: Deprecated alias for 'sendemail.smtpencryption = ssl'. +sendemail.smtpsslcertpath:: + Path to ca-certificates (either a directory or a single file). + Set it to an empty string to disable certificate verification. + sendemail.<identity>.*:: Identity-specific versions of the 'sendemail.*' parameters found below, taking precedence over those when the this @@ -2120,6 +2185,13 @@ status.branch:: Set to true to enable --branch by default in linkgit:git-status[1]. The option --no-branch takes precedence over this variable. +status.displayCommentPrefix:: + If set to true, linkgit:git-status[1] will insert a comment + prefix before each output line (starting with + `core.commentChar`, i.e. `#` by default). This was the + behavior of linkgit:git-status[1] in Git 1.8.4 and previous. + Defaults to false. + status.showUntrackedFiles:: By default, linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1] show files which are not currently tracked by Git. Directories which @@ -2144,7 +2216,14 @@ status.submodulesummary:: If this is set to a non zero number or true (identical to -1 or an unlimited number), the submodule summary will be enabled and a summary of commits for modified submodules will be shown (see - --summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]). + --summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]). Please note + that the summary output command will be suppressed for all + submodules when `diff.ignoreSubmodules` is set to 'all' or only + for those submodules where `submodule.<name>.ignore=all`. To + also view the summary for ignored submodules you can either use + the --ignore-submodules=dirty command line option or the 'git + submodule summary' command, which shows a similar output but does + not honor these settings. submodule.<name>.path:: submodule.<name>.url:: @@ -2179,7 +2258,8 @@ submodule.<name>.ignore:: submodules that have untracked files in their work tree as changed. This setting overrides any setting made in .gitmodules for this submodule, both settings can be overridden on the command line by using the - "--ignore-submodules" option. + "--ignore-submodules" option. The 'git submodule' commands are not + affected by this setting. tar.umask:: This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of @@ -2218,6 +2298,17 @@ uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant:: of a hidden ref (by default, such a request is rejected). see also `uploadpack.hiderefs`. +uploadpack.keepalive:: + When `upload-pack` has started `pack-objects`, there may be a + quiet period while `pack-objects` prepares the pack. Normally + it would output progress information, but if `--quiet` was used + for the fetch, `pack-objects` will output nothing at all until + the pack data begins. Some clients and networks may consider + the server to be hung and give up. Setting this option instructs + `upload-pack` to send an empty keepalive packet every + `uploadpack.keepalive` seconds. Setting this option to 0 + disables keepalive packets entirely. The default is 5 seconds. + url.<base>.insteadOf:: Any URL that starts with this value will be rewritten to start, instead, with <base>. In cases where some site serves a @@ -2253,11 +2344,11 @@ user.name:: environment variables. See linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]. user.signingkey:: - If linkgit:git-tag[1] is not selecting the key you want it to - automatically when creating a signed tag, you can override the - default selection with this variable. This option is passed - unchanged to gpg's --local-user parameter, so you may specify a key - using any method that gpg supports. + If linkgit:git-tag[1] or linkgit:git-commit[1] is not selecting the + key you want it to automatically when creating a signed tag or + commit, you can override the default selection with this variable. + This option is passed unchanged to gpg's --local-user parameter, + so you may specify a key using any method that gpg supports. web.browser:: Specify a web browser that may be used by some commands. diff --git a/Documentation/date-formats.txt b/Documentation/date-formats.txt index c000f08..ccd1fc8 100644 --- a/Documentation/date-formats.txt +++ b/Documentation/date-formats.txt @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ endif::git-commit[] support the following date formats: Git internal format:: - It is `<unix timestamp> <timezone offset>`, where `<unix + It is `<unix timestamp> <time zone offset>`, where `<unix timestamp>` is the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch. - `<timezone offset>` is a positive or negative offset from UTC. + `<time zone offset>` is a positive or negative offset from UTC. For example CET (which is 2 hours ahead UTC) is `+0200`. RFC 2822:: diff --git a/Documentation/diff-config.txt b/Documentation/diff-config.txt index ac77050..223b931 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-config.txt @@ -73,7 +73,11 @@ diff.ignoreSubmodules:: Sets the default value of --ignore-submodules. Note that this affects only 'git diff' Porcelain, and not lower level 'diff' commands such as 'git diff-files'. 'git checkout' also honors - this setting when reporting uncommitted changes. + this setting when reporting uncommitted changes. Setting it to + 'all' disables the submodule summary normally shown by 'git commit' + and 'git status' when 'status.submodulesummary' is set unless it is + overridden by using the --ignore-submodules command line option. + The 'git submodule' commands are not affected by this setting. diff.mnemonicprefix:: If set, 'git diff' uses a prefix pair that is different from the diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt index 87e92d6..bbed2cd 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt @@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ ifndef::git-format-patch[] {git-diff? This is the default.} endif::git-format-patch[] +-s:: +--no-patch:: + Suppress diff output. Useful for commands like `git show` that + show the patch by default, or to cancel the effect of `--patch`. + -U<n>:: --unified=<n>:: Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of diff --git a/Documentation/everyday.txt b/Documentation/everyday.txt index e1fba85..2a18c1f 100644 --- a/Documentation/everyday.txt +++ b/Documentation/everyday.txt @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ and maintain access to the repository by developers. * linkgit:git-shell[1] can be used as a 'restricted login shell' for shared central repository users. -link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[update hook howto] has a good +link:howto/update-hook-example.html[update hook howto] has a good example of managing a shared central repository. diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt index 0eed3e3..afeb86c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt @@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@ So git bisect is unconditional goodness - and feel free to quote that ;-) _____________ -Acknowledgements +Acknowledgments ---------------- Many thanks to Junio Hamano for his help in reviewing this paper, for diff --git a/Documentation/git-blame.txt b/Documentation/git-blame.txt index 6cea7f1..8e70a61 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-blame.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-blame.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git blame' [-c] [-b] [-l] [--root] [-t] [-f] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-p] [-w] [--incremental] - [-L n,m | -L :fn] [-S <revs-file>] [-M] [-C] [-C] [-C] [--since=<date>] + [-L <range>] [-S <revs-file>] [-M] [-C] [-C] [-C] [--since=<date>] [--abbrev=<n>] [<rev> | --contents <file> | --reverse <rev>] [--] <file> DESCRIPTION @@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ DESCRIPTION Annotates each line in the given file with information from the revision which last modified the line. Optionally, start annotating from the given revision. -The command can also limit the range of lines annotated. +When specified one or more times, `-L` restricts annotation to the requested +lines. The origin of lines is automatically followed across whole-file renames (currently there is no option to turn the rename-following @@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ This header line is followed by the following information at least once for each commit: - the author name ("author"), email ("author-mail"), time - ("author-time"), and timezone ("author-tz"); similarly + ("author-time"), and time zone ("author-tz"); similarly for committer. - the filename in the commit that the line is attributed to. - the first line of the commit log message ("summary"). @@ -130,7 +131,10 @@ SPECIFYING RANGES Unlike 'git blame' and 'git annotate' in older versions of git, the extent of the annotation can be limited to both line ranges and revision -ranges. When you are interested in finding the origin for +ranges. The `-L` option, which limits annotation to a range of lines, may be +specified multiple times. + +When you are interested in finding the origin for lines 40-60 for file `foo`, you can use the `-L` option like so (they mean the same thing -- both ask for 21 lines starting at line 40): diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt index b7cb625..311b336 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt @@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ working tree to it; use "git checkout <newbranch>" to switch to the new branch. When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the -branch so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from +branch (specifically the `branch.<name>.remote` and `branch.<name>.merge` +configuration entries) so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global `branch.autosetupmerge` configuration flag. That setting can be overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options, and @@ -156,7 +157,8 @@ This option is only applicable in non-verbose mode. -t:: --track:: - When creating a new branch, set up configuration to mark the + When creating a new branch, set up `branch.<name>.remote` and + `branch.<name>.merge` configuration entries to mark the start-point branch as "upstream" from the new branch. This configuration will tell git to show the relationship between the two branches in `git status` and `git branch -v`. Furthermore, diff --git a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt index 30d585a..322f5ed 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt @@ -54,16 +54,20 @@ OPTIONS --textconv:: Show the content as transformed by a textconv filter. In this case, - <object> has be of the form <treeish>:<path>, or :<path> in order + <object> has be of the form <tree-ish>:<path>, or :<path> in order to apply the filter to the content recorded in the index at <path>. --batch:: - Print the SHA-1, type, size, and contents of each object provided on - stdin. May not be combined with any other options or arguments. +--batch=<format>:: + Print object information and contents for each object provided + on stdin. May not be combined with any other options or arguments. + See the section `BATCH OUTPUT` below for details. --batch-check:: - Print the SHA-1, type, and size of each object provided on stdin. May not - be combined with any other options or arguments. +--batch-check=<format>:: + Print object information for each object provided on stdin. May + not be combined with any other options or arguments. See the + section `BATCH OUTPUT` below for details. OUTPUT ------ @@ -78,28 +82,81 @@ If '-p' is specified, the contents of <object> are pretty-printed. If <type> is specified, the raw (though uncompressed) contents of the <object> will be returned. -If '--batch' is specified, output of the following form is printed for each -object specified on stdin: +BATCH OUTPUT +------------ + +If `--batch` or `--batch-check` is given, `cat-file` will read objects +from stdin, one per line, and print information about them. By default, +the whole line is considered as an object, as if it were fed to +linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]. + +You can specify the information shown for each object by using a custom +`<format>`. The `<format>` is copied literally to stdout for each +object, with placeholders of the form `%(atom)` expanded, followed by a +newline. The available atoms are: + +`objectname`:: + The 40-hex object name of the object. + +`objecttype`:: + The type of of the object (the same as `cat-file -t` reports). + +`objectsize`:: + The size, in bytes, of the object (the same as `cat-file -s` + reports). + +`objectsize:disk`:: + The size, in bytes, that the object takes up on disk. See the + note about on-disk sizes in the `CAVEATS` section below. + +`rest`:: + If this atom is used in the output string, input lines are split + at the first whitespace boundary. All characters before that + whitespace are considered to be the object name; characters + after that first run of whitespace (i.e., the "rest" of the + line) are output in place of the `%(rest)` atom. + +If no format is specified, the default format is `%(objectname) +%(objecttype) %(objectsize)`. + +If `--batch` is specified, the object information is followed by the +object contents (consisting of `%(objectsize)` bytes), followed by a +newline. + +For example, `--batch` without a custom format would produce: ------------ <sha1> SP <type> SP <size> LF <contents> LF ------------ -If '--batch-check' is specified, output of the following form is printed for -each object specified on stdin: +Whereas `--batch-check='%(objectname) %(objecttype)'` would produce: ------------ -<sha1> SP <type> SP <size> LF +<sha1> SP <type> LF ------------ -For both '--batch' and '--batch-check', output of the following form is printed -for each object specified on stdin that does not exist in the repository: +If a name is specified on stdin that cannot be resolved to an object in +the repository, then `cat-file` will ignore any custom format and print: ------------ <object> SP missing LF ------------ + +CAVEATS +------- + +Note that the sizes of objects on disk are reported accurately, but care +should be taken in drawing conclusions about which refs or objects are +responsible for disk usage. The size of a packed non-delta object may be +much larger than the size of objects which delta against it, but the +choice of which object is the base and which is the delta is arbitrary +and is subject to change during a repack. Note also that multiple copies +of an object may be present in the object database; in this case, it is +undefined which copy's size will be reported. + + GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt index a7be80d..00e2aa2 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt @@ -31,8 +31,9 @@ OPTIONS Read file names from stdin instead of from the command-line. -z:: - Only meaningful with `--stdin`; paths are separated with a - NUL character instead of a linefeed character. + The output format is modified to be machine-parseable. + If `--stdin` is also given, input paths are separated + with a NUL character instead of a linefeed character. \--:: Interpret all preceding arguments as attributes and all following @@ -48,6 +49,10 @@ OUTPUT The output is of the form: <path> COLON SP <attribute> COLON SP <info> LF +unless `-z` is in effect, in which case NUL is used as delimiter: +<path> NUL <attribute> NUL <info> NUL + + <path> is the path of a file being queried, <attribute> is an attribute being queried and <info> can be either: diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt index d2df487..ee2e091 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt @@ -45,6 +45,13 @@ OPTIONS not be possible to distinguish between paths which match a pattern and those which don't. +--no-index:: + Don't look in the index when undertaking the checks. This can + be used to debug why a path became tracked by e.g. `git add .` + and was not ignored by the rules as expected by the user or when + developing patterns including negation to match a path previously + added with `git add -f`. + OUTPUT ------ diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt b/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..39028ee --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +git-check-mailmap(1) +==================== + +NAME +---- +git-check-mailmap - Show canonical names and email addresses of contacts + + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +[verse] +'git check-mailmap' [options] <contact>... + + +DESCRIPTION +----------- + +For each ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' or ``$$<user@host>$$'' from the command-line +or standard input (when using `--stdin`), look up the person's canonical name +and email address (see "Mapping Authors" below). If found, print them; +otherwise print the input as-is. + + +OPTIONS +------- +--stdin:: + Read contacts, one per line, from the standard input after exhausting + contacts provided on the command-line. + + +OUTPUT +------ + +For each contact, a single line is output, terminated by a newline. If the +name is provided or known to the 'mailmap', ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' is +printed; otherwise only ``$$<user@host>$$'' is printed. + + +MAPPING AUTHORS +--------------- + +include::mailmap.txt[] + + +GIT +--- +Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt index ca118ac..91294f8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt @@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [<branch>] -'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [--detach] [<commit>] +'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] --detach [<branch>] +'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [--detach] <commit> 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [[-b|-B|--orphan] <new_branch>] [<start_point>] 'git checkout' [-f|--ours|--theirs|-m|--conflict=<style>] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>... 'git checkout' [-p|--patch] [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...] @@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ that is to say, the branch is not reset/created unless "git checkout" is successful. 'git checkout' --detach [<branch>]:: -'git checkout' <commit>:: +'git checkout' [--detach] <commit>:: Prepare to work on top of <commit>, by detaching HEAD at it (see "DETACHED HEAD" section), and updating the index and the @@ -71,10 +72,11 @@ successful. tree will be the state recorded in the commit plus the local modifications. + -Passing `--detach` forces this behavior in the case of a <branch> (without -the option, giving a branch name to the command would check out the branch, -instead of detaching HEAD at it), or the current commit, -if no <branch> is specified. +When the <commit> argument is a branch name, the `--detach` option can +be used to detach HEAD at the tip of the branch (`git checkout +<branch>` would check out that branch without detaching HEAD). ++ +Omitting <branch> detaches HEAD at the tip of the current branch. 'git checkout' [-p|--patch] [<tree-ish>] [--] <pathspec>...:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-cherry.txt b/Documentation/git-cherry.txt index f6c19c7..2d0daae 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-cherry.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-cherry.txt @@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- The changeset (or "diff") of each commit between the fork-point and <head> is compared against each commit between the fork-point and <upstream>. -The commits are compared with their 'patch id', obtained from -the 'git patch-id' program. +The diffs are compared after removing any whitespace and line numbers. Every commit that doesn't exist in the <upstream> branch has its id (sha1) reported, prefixed by a symbol. The ones that have diff --git a/Documentation/git-clean.txt b/Documentation/git-clean.txt index bdc3ab8..8997922 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-clean.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-clean.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-clean - Remove untracked files from the working tree SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git clean' [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <path>... +'git clean' [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <path>... DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -34,7 +34,13 @@ OPTIONS -f:: --force:: If the Git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set - to false, 'git clean' will refuse to run unless given -f or -n. + to false, 'git clean' will refuse to run unless given -f, -n or + -i. + +-i:: +--interactive:: + Show what would be done and clean files interactively. See + ``Interactive mode'' for details. -n:: --dry-run:: @@ -63,6 +69,67 @@ OPTIONS Remove only files ignored by Git. This may be useful to rebuild everything from scratch, but keep manually created files. +Interactive mode +---------------- +When the command enters the interactive mode, it shows the +files and directories to be cleaned, and goes into its +interactive command loop. + +The command loop shows the list of subcommands available, and +gives a prompt "What now> ". In general, when the prompt ends +with a single '>', you can pick only one of the choices given +and type return, like this: + +------------ + *** Commands *** + 1: clean 2: filter by pattern 3: select by numbers + 4: ask each 5: quit 6: help + What now> 1 +------------ + +You also could say `c` or `clean` above as long as the choice is unique. + +The main command loop has 6 subcommands. + +clean:: + + Start cleaning files and directories, and then quit. + +filter by pattern:: + + This shows the files and directories to be deleted and issues an + "Input ignore patterns>>" prompt. You can input space-seperated + patterns to exclude files and directories from deletion. + E.g. "*.c *.h" will excludes files end with ".c" and ".h" from + deletion. When you are satisfied with the filtered result, press + ENTER (empty) back to the main menu. + +select by numbers:: + + This shows the files and directories to be deleted and issues an + "Select items to delete>>" prompt. When the prompt ends with double + '>>' like this, you can make more than one selection, concatenated + with whitespace or comma. Also you can say ranges. E.g. "2-5 7,9" + to choose 2,3,4,5,7,9 from the list. If the second number in a + range is omitted, all remaining items are selected. E.g. "7-" to + choose 7,8,9 from the list. You can say '*' to choose everything. + Also when you are satisfied with the filtered result, press ENTER + (empty) back to the main menu. + +ask each:: + + This will start to clean, and you must confirm one by one in order + to delete items. Please note that this action is not as efficient + as the above two actions. + +quit:: + + This lets you quit without do cleaning. + +help:: + + Show brief usage of interactive git-clean. + SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:gitignore[5] diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt index 85769b8..450f158 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt @@ -182,13 +182,11 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository. --depth <depth>:: Create a 'shallow' clone with a history truncated to the specified number of revisions. A shallow repository has a - number of limitations (you cannot clone or fetch from it, nor - push into it), but is adequate if you are only interested in - the recent history of a large project with a long history. -+ -Pushing from a shallow clone should be avoided if the git version on -the receiver end is older than v1.7.10, or any other git -implementation that does not perform connectivity check. + number of limitations (you cannot clone or fetch from + it, nor push from nor into it), but is adequate if you + are only interested in the recent history of a large project + with a long history, and would want to send in fixes + as patches. --[no-]single-branch:: Clone only the history leading to the tip of a single branch, diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt index 99dc497..e9917b8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get name [value_regex] 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-all name [value_regex] 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-regexp name_regex [value_regex] +'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-urlmatch name URL 'git config' [<file-option>] --unset name [value_regex] 'git config' [<file-option>] --unset-all name [value_regex] 'git config' [<file-option>] --rename-section old_name new_name @@ -95,30 +96,40 @@ OPTIONS in which section and variable names are lowercased, but subsection names are not. +--get-urlmatch name URL:: + When given a two-part name section.key, the value for + section.<url>.key whose <url> part matches the best to the + given URL is returned (if no such key exists, the value for + section.key is used as a fallback). When given just the + section as name, do so for all the keys in the section and + list them. + --global:: - For writing options: write to global ~/.gitconfig file rather than - the repository .git/config, write to $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config file - if this file exists and the ~/.gitconfig file doesn't. + For writing options: write to global `~/.gitconfig` file + rather than the repository `.git/config`, write to + `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config` file if this file exists and the + `~/.gitconfig` file doesn't. + -For reading options: read only from global ~/.gitconfig and from -$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config rather than from all available files. +For reading options: read only from global `~/.gitconfig` and from +`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config` rather than from all available files. + See also <<FILES>>. --system:: - For writing options: write to system-wide $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig - rather than the repository .git/config. + For writing options: write to system-wide + `$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` rather than the repository + `.git/config`. + -For reading options: read only from system-wide $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig +For reading options: read only from system-wide `$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` rather than from all available files. + See also <<FILES>>. --local:: - For writing options: write to the repository .git/config file. + For writing options: write to the repository `.git/config` file. This is the default behavior. + -For reading options: read only from the repository .git/config rather than +For reading options: read only from the repository `.git/config` rather than from all available files. + See also <<FILES>>. @@ -127,6 +138,13 @@ See also <<FILES>>. --file config-file:: Use the given config file instead of the one specified by GIT_CONFIG. +--blob blob:: + Similar to '--file' but use the given blob instead of a file. E.g. + you can use 'master:.gitmodules' to read values from the file + '.gitmodules' in the master branch. See "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" + section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for a more complete list of + ways to spell blob names. + --remove-section:: Remove the given section from the configuration file. @@ -211,9 +229,9 @@ $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig:: $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config:: Second user-specific configuration file. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is not set - or empty, $HOME/.config/git/config will be used. Any single-valued + or empty, `$HOME/.config/git/config` will be used. Any single-valued variable set in this file will be overwritten by whatever is in - ~/.gitconfig. It is a good idea not to create this file if + `~/.gitconfig`. It is a good idea not to create this file if you sometimes use older versions of Git, as support for this file was added fairly recently. @@ -286,6 +304,13 @@ Given a .git/config like this: gitproxy=proxy-command for kernel.org gitproxy=default-proxy ; for all the rest + ; HTTP + [http] + sslVerify + [http "https://weak.example.com"] + sslVerify = false + cookieFile = /tmp/cookie.txt + you can set the filemode to true with ------------ @@ -371,6 +396,19 @@ RESET=$(git config --get-color "" "reset") echo "${WS}your whitespace color or blue reverse${RESET}" ------------ +For URLs in `https://weak.example.com`, `http.sslVerify` is set to +false, while it is set to `true` for all others: + +------------ +% git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.sslverify https://good.example.com +true +% git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.sslverify https://weak.example.com +false +% git config --get-urlmatch http https://weak.example.com +http.cookiefile /tmp/cookie.txt +http.sslverify false +------------ + include::config.txt[] GIT diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential.txt b/Documentation/git-credential.txt index 7da0f13..b211440 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-credential.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-credential.txt @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ usernames and passwords. The git-credential command exposes this interface to scripts which may want to retrieve, store, or prompt for credentials in the same manner as Git. The design of this scriptable interface models the internal C API; see -link:technical/api-credentials.txt[the Git credential API] for more +link:technical/api-credentials.html[the Git credential API] for more background on the concepts. git-credential takes an "action" option on the command-line (one of diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt index d1bcda2..2df9953 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ This option can be used several times to provide several detection regexes. CVS by default uses the Unix username when writing its commit logs. Using this option and an author-conv-file maps the name recorded in CVS to author name, e-mail and - optional timezone: + optional time zone: + --------- exon=Andreas Ericsson <ae@op5.se> @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ This option can be used several times to provide several detection regexes. + 'git cvsimport' will make it appear as those authors had their GIT_AUTHOR_NAME and GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL set properly -all along. If a timezone is specified, GIT_AUTHOR_DATE will +all along. If a time zone is specified, GIT_AUTHOR_DATE will have the corresponding offset applied. + For convenience, this data is saved to `$GIT_DIR/cvs-authors` diff --git a/Documentation/git-describe.txt b/Documentation/git-describe.txt index 9439cd6..d20ca40 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-describe.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-describe.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-describe - Show the most recent tag that is reachable from a commit SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] <committish>... +'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] <commit-ish>... 'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] --dirty[=<mark>] DESCRIPTION @@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ see the -a and -s options to linkgit:git-tag[1]. OPTIONS ------- -<committish>...:: - Committish object names to describe. +<commit-ish>...:: + Commit-ish object names to describe. --dirty[=<mark>]:: Describe the working tree. @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ OPTIONS --candidates=<n>:: Instead of considering only the 10 most recent tags as - candidates to describe the input committish consider + candidates to describe the input commit-ish consider up to <n> candidates. Increasing <n> above 10 will take slightly longer but may produce a more accurate result. An <n> of 0 will cause only exact matches to be output. @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ be sufficient to disambiguate these commits. SEARCH STRATEGY --------------- -For each committish supplied, 'git describe' will first look for +For each commit-ish supplied, 'git describe' will first look for a tag which tags exactly that commit. Annotated tags will always be preferred over lightweight tags, and tags with newer dates will always be preferred over tags with older dates. If an exact match @@ -154,12 +154,12 @@ is found, its name will be output and searching will stop. If an exact match was not found, 'git describe' will walk back through the commit history to locate an ancestor commit which has been tagged. The ancestor's tag will be output along with an -abbreviation of the input committish's SHA-1. If '--first-parent' was +abbreviation of the input commit-ish's SHA-1. If '--first-parent' was specified then the walk will only consider the first parent of each commit. If multiple tags were found during the walk then the tag which -has the fewest commits different from the input committish will be +has the fewest commits different from the input commit-ish will be selected and output. Here fewest commits different is defined as the number of commits which would be shown by `git log tag..input` will be the smallest number of commits possible. diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff.txt b/Documentation/git-diff.txt index 78d6d50..33fbd8c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-diff.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-diff.txt @@ -28,10 +28,15 @@ two blob objects, or changes between two files on disk. words, the differences are what you _could_ tell Git to further add to the index but you still haven't. You can stage these changes by using linkgit:git-add[1]. -+ -If exactly two paths are given and at least one points outside -the current repository, 'git diff' will compare the two files / -directories. This behavior can be forced by --no-index. + +'git diff' --no-index [--options] [--] [<path>...]:: + + This form is to compare the given two paths on the + filesystem. You can omit the `--no-index` option when + running the command in a working tree controlled by Git and + at least one of the paths points outside the working tree, + or when running the command outside a working tree + controlled by Git. 'git diff' [--options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt index bf1a02a..fd22a9a 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ advisement to help formatting routines display the timestamp. If the local offset is not available in the source material, use ``+0000'', or the most common local offset. For example many organizations have a CVS repository which has only ever been accessed -by users who are located in the same location and timezone. In this +by users who are located in the same location and time zone. In this case a reasonable offset from UTC could be assumed. + Unlike the `rfc2822` format, this format is very strict. Any @@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ the malformed string. There are also some types of malformed strings which Git will parse wrong, and yet consider valid. Seriously malformed strings will be rejected. + -Unlike the `raw` format above, the timezone/UTC offset information +Unlike the `raw` format above, the time zone/UTC offset information contained in an RFC 2822 date string is used to adjust the date value to UTC prior to storage. Therefore it is important that this information be as accurate as possible. @@ -287,13 +287,13 @@ format, or its format is easily convertible to it, as there is no ambiguity in parsing. `now`:: - Always use the current time and timezone. The literal + Always use the current time and time zone. The literal `now` must always be supplied for `<when>`. + -This is a toy format. The current time and timezone of this system +This is a toy format. The current time and time zone of this system is always copied into the identity string at the time it is being created by fast-import. There is no way to specify a different time or -timezone. +time zone. + This particular format is supplied as it's short to implement and may be useful to a process that wants to create a new commit @@ -361,8 +361,8 @@ and control the current import process. More detailed discussion `--cat-blob-fd` or `stdout` if unspecified. `feature`:: - Require that fast-import supports the specified feature, or - abort if it does not. + Enable the specified feature. This requires that fast-import + supports the specified feature, and aborts if it does not. `option`:: Specify any of the options listed under OPTIONS that do not @@ -380,8 +380,8 @@ change to the project. ('author' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF)? 'committer' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF data - ('from' SP <committish> LF)? - ('merge' SP <committish> LF)? + ('from' SP <commit-ish> LF)? + ('merge' SP <commit-ish> LF)? (filemodify | filedelete | filecopy | filerename | filedeleteall | notemodify)* LF? .... @@ -460,9 +460,9 @@ as the current commit on that branch is automatically assumed to be the first ancestor of the new commit. As `LF` is not valid in a Git refname or SHA-1 expression, no -quoting or escaping syntax is supported within `<committish>`. +quoting or escaping syntax is supported within `<commit-ish>`. -Here `<committish>` is any of the following: +Here `<commit-ish>` is any of the following: * The name of an existing branch already in fast-import's internal branch table. If fast-import doesn't know the name, it's treated as a SHA-1 @@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ additional ancestors (forming a 16-way merge). For this reason it is suggested that frontends do not use more than 15 `merge` commands per commit; 16, if starting a new, empty branch. -Here `<committish>` is any of the commit specification expressions +Here `<commit-ish>` is any of the commit specification expressions also accepted by `from` (see above). `filemodify` @@ -677,8 +677,8 @@ paths for a commit are encouraged to do so. `notemodify` ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Included in a `commit` `<notes_ref>` command to add a new note -annotating a `<committish>` or change this annotation contents. -Internally it is similar to filemodify 100644 on `<committish>` +annotating a `<commit-ish>` or change this annotation contents. +Internally it is similar to filemodify 100644 on `<commit-ish>` path (maybe split into subdirectories). It's not advised to use any other commands to write to the `<notes_ref>` tree except `filedeleteall` to delete all existing notes in this tree. @@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ External data format:: commit that is to be annotated. + .... - 'N' SP <dataref> SP <committish> LF + 'N' SP <dataref> SP <commit-ish> LF .... + Here `<dataref>` can be either a mark reference (`:<idnum>`) @@ -704,13 +704,13 @@ Inline data format:: command. + .... - 'N' SP 'inline' SP <committish> LF + 'N' SP 'inline' SP <commit-ish> LF data .... + See below for a detailed description of the `data` command. -In both formats `<committish>` is any of the commit specification +In both formats `<commit-ish>` is any of the commit specification expressions also accepted by `from` (see above). `mark` @@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ lightweight (non-annotated) tags see the `reset` command below. .... 'tag' SP <name> LF - 'from' SP <committish> LF + 'from' SP <commit-ish> LF 'tagger' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF data .... @@ -786,11 +786,11 @@ branch from an existing commit without creating a new commit. .... 'reset' SP <ref> LF - ('from' SP <committish> LF)? + ('from' SP <commit-ish> LF)? LF? .... -For a detailed description of `<ref>` and `<committish>` see above +For a detailed description of `<ref>` and `<commit-ish>` see above under `commit` and `from`. The `LF` after the command is optional (it used to be required). diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt index 1e71754..93b5067 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git fetch-pack' [--all] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] [--include-tag] [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [--depth=<n>] [--no-progress] - [-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...] + [-v] <repository> [<refs>...] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -90,22 +90,25 @@ be in a separate packet, and the list must end with a flush packet. --no-progress:: Do not show the progress. +--check-self-contained-and-connected:: + Output "connectivity-ok" if the received pack is + self-contained and connected. + -v:: Run verbosely. -<host>:: - A remote host that houses the repository. When this - part is specified, 'git-upload-pack' is invoked via - ssh. - -<directory>:: - The repository to sync from. +<repository>:: + The URL to the remote repository. <refs>...:: The remote heads to update from. This is relative to $GIT_DIR (e.g. "HEAD", "refs/heads/master"). When unspecified, update from all heads the remote side has. +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkgit:git-fetch[1] + GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt index f2e08d1..94f5c46 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt @@ -91,7 +91,19 @@ objectname:: upstream:: The name of a local ref which can be considered ``upstream'' from the displayed ref. Respects `:short` in the same way as - `refname` above. + `refname` above. Additionally respects `:track` to show + "[ahead N, behind M]" and `:trackshort` to show the terse + version: ">" (ahead), "<" (behind), "<>" (ahead and behind), + or "=" (in sync). Has no effect if the ref does not have + tracking information associated with it. + +HEAD:: + '*' if HEAD matches current ref (the checked out branch), ' ' + otherwise. + +color:: + Change output color. Followed by `:<colorname>`, where names + are described in `color.branch.*`. In addition to the above, for commit and tag objects, the header field names (`tree`, `parent`, `object`, `type`, and `tag`) can diff --git a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt index 3911877..5c0a4ab 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt @@ -187,6 +187,21 @@ will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`. The negated form `--no-cc` discards all `Cc:` headers added so far (from config or command line). +--from:: +--from=<ident>:: + Use `ident` in the `From:` header of each commit email. If the + author ident of the commit is not textually identical to the + provided `ident`, place a `From:` header in the body of the + message with the original author. If no `ident` is given, use + the committer ident. ++ +Note that this option is only useful if you are actually sending the +emails and want to identify yourself as the sender, but retain the +original author (and `git am` will correctly pick up the in-body +header). Note also that `git send-email` already handles this +transformation for you, and this option should not be used if you are +feeding the result to `git send-email`. + --add-header=<header>:: Add an arbitrary header to the email headers. This is in addition to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times. @@ -227,6 +242,7 @@ configuration options in linkgit:git-notes[1] to use this workflow). Note that the leading character does not have to be a dot; for example, you can use `--suffix=-patch` to get `0001-description-of-my-change-patch`. +-q:: --quiet:: Do not print the names of the generated files to standard output. @@ -422,7 +438,8 @@ Edit..Preferences..Composition, wrap plain text messages at 0 In Thunderbird 3: Edit..Preferences..Advanced..Config Editor. Search for "mail.wrap_long_lines". -Toggle it to make sure it is set to `false`. +Toggle it to make sure it is set to `false`. Also, search for +"mailnews.wraplength" and set the value to 0. 3. Disable the use of format=flowed: Edit..Preferences..Advanced..Config Editor. Search for diff --git a/Documentation/git-gc.txt b/Documentation/git-gc.txt index 2402ed6..e158a3b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-gc.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-gc.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-gc - Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git gc' [--aggressive] [--auto] [--quiet] [--prune=<date> | --no-prune] +'git gc' [--aggressive] [--auto] [--quiet] [--prune=<date> | --no-prune] [--force] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -72,6 +72,10 @@ automatic consolidation of packs. --quiet:: Suppress all progress reports. +--force:: + Force `git gc` to run even if there may be another `git gc` + instance running on this repository. + Configuration ------------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-grep.txt b/Documentation/git-grep.txt index 8497aa4..f837334 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-grep.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-grep.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-grep - Print lines matching a pattern SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git grep' [-a | --text] [-I] [-i | --ignore-case] [-w | --word-regexp] +'git grep' [-a | --text] [-I] [--textconv] [-i | --ignore-case] [-w | --word-regexp] [-v | --invert-match] [-h|-H] [--full-name] [-E | --extended-regexp] [-G | --basic-regexp] [-P | --perl-regexp] @@ -80,6 +80,13 @@ OPTIONS --text:: Process binary files as if they were text. +--textconv:: + Honor textconv filter settings. + +--no-textconv:: + Do not honor textconv filter settings. + This is the default. + -i:: --ignore-case:: Ignore case differences between the patterns and the diff --git a/Documentation/git-log.txt b/Documentation/git-log.txt index 2ea79ba..1f7bc67 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-log.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-log.txt @@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- Shows the commit logs. -The command takes options applicable to the 'git rev-list' +The command takes options applicable to the `git rev-list` command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to -the 'git diff-*' commands to control how the changes +the `git diff-*` commands to control how the changes each commit introduces are shown. @@ -42,28 +42,27 @@ OPTIONS --use-mailmap:: Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email - to canonical real names and email addresses. See + addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See linkgit:git-shortlog[1]. --full-diff:: - Without this flag, "git log -p <path>..." shows commits that + Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits. + Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those -produced by --stat etc. +produced by `--stat`, etc. --log-size:: - Before the log message print out its size in bytes. Intended - mainly for porcelain tools consumption. If Git is unable to - produce a valid value size is set to zero. - Note that only message is considered, if also a diff is shown - its size is not included. - --L <start>,<end>:<file>, -L :<regex>:<file>:: + Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit, + where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes. + Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log` + output by allowing them to allocate space in advance. +-L <start>,<end>:<file>:: +-L :<regex>:<file>:: Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>" (or the funcname regex <regex>) within the <file>. You may not give any pathspec limiters. This is currently limited to @@ -71,8 +70,6 @@ produced by --stat etc. give zero or one positive revision arguments. You can specify this option more than once. + -<start> and <end> can take one of these forms: - include::line-range-format.txt[] <revision range>:: @@ -81,23 +78,23 @@ include::line-range-format.txt[] whole history leading to the current commit). `origin..HEAD` specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit (i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of - ways to spell <revision range>, see the "Specifying Ranges" + ways to spell <revision range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges' section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7]. [\--] <path>...:: Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files - that match the specified paths came to be. See "History - Simplification" below for details and other simplification + that match the specified paths came to be. See 'History + Simplification' below for details and other simplification modes. + -Paths may need to be prefixed with "\-- " to separate them from +Paths may need to be prefixed with ``\-- '' to separate them from options or the revision range, when confusion arises. include::rev-list-options.txt[] include::pretty-formats.txt[] -Common diff options +COMMON DIFF OPTIONS ------------------- :git-log: 1 @@ -105,7 +102,7 @@ include::diff-options.txt[] include::diff-generate-patch.txt[] -Examples +EXAMPLES -------- `git log --no-merges`:: @@ -114,12 +111,12 @@ Examples `git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`:: Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file - in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories + in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories `git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`:: Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'. - The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named + The ``--'' is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named 'gitk' `git log --name-status release..test`:: @@ -130,7 +127,7 @@ Examples `git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`:: - Shows the commits that changed builtin/rev-list.c, including + Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including those commits that occurred before the file was given its present name. @@ -148,37 +145,38 @@ Examples `git log -p -m --first-parent`:: Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the - "main branch" perspective, skipping commits that come from merged + ``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges. This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all topic branches when staying on a single integration branch. -git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c:: +`git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`:: - Shows how the function `main()` in the file 'main.c' evolved + Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved over time. `git log -3`:: + Limits the number of commits to show to 3. -Discussion +DISCUSSION ---------- include::i18n.txt[] -Configuration +CONFIGURATION ------------- See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1] for settings related to diff generation. format.pretty:: - Default for the `--format` option. (See "PRETTY FORMATS" above.) - Defaults to "medium". + Default for the `--format` option. (See 'Pretty Formats' above.) + Defaults to `medium`. i18n.logOutputEncoding:: - Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See "Discussion", above.) - Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, UTF-8 + Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See 'Discussion' above.) + Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8 otherwise. log.date:: @@ -187,7 +185,7 @@ log.date:: dates like `Sat May 8 19:35:34 2010 -0500`. log.showroot:: - If `false`, 'git log' and related commands will not treat the + If `false`, `git log` and related commands will not treat the initial commit as a big creation event. Any root commits in `git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached. The default is `true`. @@ -198,7 +196,7 @@ mailmap.*:: notes.displayRef:: Which refs, in addition to the default set by `core.notesRef` or 'GIT_NOTES_REF', to read notes from when showing commit - messages with the 'log' family of commands. See + messages with the `log` family of commands. See linkgit:git-notes[1]. + May be an unabbreviated ref name or a glob and may be specified diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt index 87842e3..808426f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git merge-base' [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>... 'git merge-base' --is-ancestor <commit> <commit> 'git merge-base' --independent <commit>... +'git merge-base' --fork-point <ref> [<commit>] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -24,8 +25,8 @@ that does not have any better common ancestor is a 'best common ancestor', i.e. a 'merge base'. Note that there can be more than one merge base for a pair of commits. -OPERATION MODE --------------- +OPERATION MODES +--------------- As the most common special case, specifying only two commits on the command line means computing the merge base between the given two commits. @@ -56,6 +57,14 @@ from linkgit:git-show-branch[1] when used with the `--merge-base` option. and exit with status 0 if true, or with status 1 if not. Errors are signaled by a non-zero status that is not 1. +--fork-point:: + Find the point at which a branch (or any history that leads + to <commit>) forked from another branch (or any reference) + <ref>. This does not just look for the common ancestor of + the two commits, but also takes into account the reflog of + <ref> to see if the history leading to <commit> forked from + an earlier incarnation of the branch <ref> (see discussion + on this mode below). OPTIONS ------- @@ -137,6 +146,31 @@ In modern git, you can say this in a more direct way: instead. +Discussion on fork-point mode +----------------------------- + +After working on the `topic` branch created with `git checkout -b +topic origin/master`, the history of remote-tracking branch +`origin/master` may have been rewound and rebuilt, leading to a +history of this shape: + + o---B1 + / + ---o---o---B2--o---o---o---B (origin/master) + \ + B3 + \ + Derived (topic) + +where `origin/master` used to point at commits B3, B2, B1 and now it +points at B, and your `topic` branch was started on top of it back +when `origin/master` was at B3. This mode uses the reflog of +`origin/master` to find B3 as the fork point, so that the `topic` +can be rebased on top of the updated `origin/master` by: + + $ fork_point=$(git merge-base --fork-point origin/master topic) + $ git rebase --onto origin/master $fork_point topic + See also -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt index d7db2a3..d2fc12e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [verse] 'git merge-file' [-L <current-name> [-L <base-name> [-L <other-name>]]] [--ours|--theirs|--union] [-p|--stdout] [-q|--quiet] [--marker-size=<n>] - <current-file> <base-file> <other-file> + [--[no-]diff3] <current-file> <base-file> <other-file> DESCRIPTION @@ -66,6 +66,9 @@ OPTIONS -q:: Quiet; do not warn about conflicts. +--diff3:: + Show conflicts in "diff3" style. + --ours:: --theirs:: --union:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt index c5f84b6..58731c1 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -Reads three treeish, and output trivial merge results and +Reads three tree-ish, and output trivial merge results and conflicting stages to the standard output. This is similar to what three-way 'git read-tree -m' does, but instead of storing the results in the index, the command outputs the entries to the diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt index 8c7f2f6..4395459 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git merge' [-n] [--stat] [--no-commit] [--squash] [--[no-]edit] - [-s <strategy>] [-X <strategy-option>] + [-s <strategy>] [-X <strategy-option>] [-S[<keyid>]] [--[no-]rerere-autoupdate] [-m <msg>] [<commit>...] 'git merge' <msg> HEAD <commit>... 'git merge' --abort @@ -65,6 +65,10 @@ OPTIONS ------- include::merge-options.txt[] +-S[<keyid>]:: +--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]:: + GPG-sign the resulting merge commit. + -m <msg>:: Set the commit message to be used for the merge commit (in case one is created). @@ -186,11 +190,11 @@ In such a case, you can "unwrap" the tag yourself before feeding it to `git merge`, or pass `--ff-only` when you do not have any work on your own. e.g. ---- +---- git fetch origin git merge v1.2.3^0 git merge --ff-only v1.2.3 ---- +---- HOW CONFLICTS ARE PRESENTED diff --git a/Documentation/git-mv.txt b/Documentation/git-mv.txt index e93fcb4..b1f7988 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-mv.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-mv.txt @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -This script is used to move or rename a file, directory or symlink. +Move or rename a file, directory or symlink. git mv [-v] [-f] [-n] [-k] <source> <destination> git mv [-v] [-f] [-n] [-k] <source> ... <destination directory> @@ -44,6 +44,14 @@ OPTIONS --verbose:: Report the names of files as they are moved. +SUBMODULES +---------- +Moving a submodule using a gitfile (which means they were cloned +with a Git version 1.7.8 or newer) will update the gitfile and +core.worktree setting to make the submodule work in the new location. +It also will attempt to update the submodule.<name>.path setting in +the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file and stage that file (unless -n is used). + GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt index 15b00e0..ca28fb8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git name-rev' [--tags] [--refs=<pattern>] - ( --all | --stdin | <committish>... ) + ( --all | --stdin | <commit-ish>... ) DESCRIPTION ----------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt index f131677..154081f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt @@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ Subsequent updates to branches always create new files under `$GIT_DIR/refs` directory hierarchy. A recommended practice to deal with a repository with too many -refs is to pack its refs with `--all --prune` once, and -occasionally run `git pack-refs --prune`. Tags are by +refs is to pack its refs with `--all` once, and +occasionally run `git pack-refs`. Tags are by definition stationary and are not expected to change. Branch heads will be packed with the initial `pack-refs --all`, but only the currently active branch heads will become unpacked, diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt b/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt index 80dc022..6738055 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -This program searches the `$GIT_OBJECT_DIR` for all objects that currently +This program searches the `$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY` for all objects that currently exist in a pack file as well as the independent object directories. All such extra objects are removed. diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune.txt b/Documentation/git-prune.txt index 80d01b0..bf82410 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-prune.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-prune.txt @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ borrows from your repository via its `.git/objects/info/alternates`: ------------ -$ git prune $(cd ../another && $(git rev-parse --all)) +$ git prune $(cd ../another && git rev-parse --all) ------------ Notes diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt index 6ef8d59..6083aab 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pull.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt @@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ Assume the following history exists and the current branch is A---B---C master on origin / D---E---F---G master + ^ + origin/master in your repository ------------ Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote @@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits and a log message from the user describing the changes. ------------ - A---B---C remotes/origin/master + A---B---C origin/master / \ D---E---F---G---H master ------------ @@ -102,12 +104,18 @@ include::merge-options.txt[] :git-pull: 1 -r:: ---rebase:: - Rebase the current branch on top of the upstream branch after - fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch corresponding to - the upstream branch and the upstream branch was rebased since last - fetched, the rebase uses that information to avoid rebasing - non-local changes. +--rebase[=false|true|preserve]:: + When true, rebase the current branch on top of the upstream + branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch + corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch + was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information + to avoid rebasing non-local changes. ++ +When preserve, also rebase the current branch on top of the upstream +branch, but pass `--preserve-merges` along to `git rebase` so that +locally created merge commits will not be flattened. ++ +When false, merge the current branch into the upstream branch. + See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autosetuprebase` in linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt index f7dfe48..9eec740 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-push.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [verse] 'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [--follow-tags] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [--prune] [-v | --verbose] [-u | --set-upstream] + [--force-with-lease[=<refname>[:<expect>]]] [--no-verify] [<repository> [<refspec>...]] DESCRIPTION @@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ already exists on the remote side. --follow-tags:: Push all the refs that would be pushed without this option, and also push annotated tags in `refs/tags` that are missing - from the remote but are pointing at committish that are + from the remote but are pointing at commit-ish that are reachable from the refs being pushed. --receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>:: @@ -130,21 +131,75 @@ already exists on the remote side. repository over ssh, and you do not have the program in a directory on the default $PATH. +--[no-]force-with-lease:: +--force-with-lease=<refname>:: +--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>:: + Usually, "git push" refuses to update a remote ref that is + not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it. ++ +This option bypasses the check, but instead requires that the +current value of the ref to be the expected value. "git push" +fails otherwise. ++ +Imagine that you have to rebase what you have already published. +You will have to bypass the "must fast-forward" rule in order to +replace the history you originally published with the rebased history. +If somebody else built on top of your original history while you are +rebasing, the tip of the branch at the remote may advance with her +commit, and blindly pushing with `--force` will lose her work. ++ +This option allows you to say that you expect the history you are +updating is what you rebased and want to replace. If the remote ref +still points at the commit you specified, you can be sure that no +other people did anything to the ref (it is like taking a "lease" on +the ref without explicitly locking it, and you update the ref while +making sure that your earlier "lease" is still valid). ++ +`--force-with-lease` alone, without specifying the details, will protect +all remote refs that are going to be updated by requiring their +current value to be the same as the remote-tracking branch we have +for them, unless specified with a `--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>` +option that explicitly states what the expected value is. ++ +`--force-with-lease=<refname>`, without specifying the expected value, will +protect the named ref (alone), if it is going to be updated, by +requiring its current value to be the same as the remote-tracking +branch we have for it. ++ +`--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>` will protect the named ref (alone), +if it is going to be updated, by requiring its current value to be +the same as the specified value <expect> (which is allowed to be +different from the remote-tracking branch we have for the refname, +or we do not even have to have such a remote-tracking branch when +this form is used). ++ +Note that all forms other than `--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>` +that specifies the expected current value of the ref explicitly are +still experimental and their semantics may change as we gain experience +with this feature. ++ +"--no-force-with-lease" will cancel all the previous --force-with-lease on the +command line. + -f:: --force:: Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that is not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it. - This flag disables the check. This can cause the - remote repository to lose commits; use it with care. - Note that `--force` applies to all the refs that are pushed, - hence using it with `push.default` set to `matching` or with - multiple push destinations configured with `remote.*.push` - may overwrite refs other than the current branch (including - local refs that are strictly behind their remote counterpart). - To force a push to only one branch, use a `+` in front of the - refspec to push (e.g `git push origin +master` to force a push - to the `master` branch). See the `<refspec>...` section above - for details. + Also, when `--force-with-lease` option is used, the command refuses + to update a remote ref whose current value does not match + what is expected. ++ +This flag disables these checks, and can cause the remote repository +to lose commits; use it with care. ++ +Note that `--force` applies to all the refs that are pushed, hence +using it with `push.default` set to `matching` or with multiple push +destinations configured with `remote.*.push` may overwrite refs +other than the current branch (including local refs that are +strictly behind their remote counterpart). To force a push to only +one branch, use a `+` in front of the refspec to push (e.g `git push +origin +master` to force a push to the `master` branch). See the +`<refspec>...` section above for details. --repo=<repository>:: This option is only relevant if no <repository> argument is diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt index 6b2e1c8..94e07fd 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt @@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ You may find this (or --no-ff with an interactive rebase) helpful after reverting a topic branch merge, as this option recreates the topic branch with fresh commits so it can be remerged successfully without needing to "revert the reversion" (see the -link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details). +link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details). --ignore-whitespace:: --whitespace=<option>:: @@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ Without --interactive, this is a synonym for --force-rebase. You may find this helpful after reverting a topic branch merge, as this option recreates the topic branch with fresh commits so it can be remerged successfully without needing to "revert the reversion" (see the -link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details). +link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details). include::merge-strategies.txt[] diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-remote.txt index 9c3e3bf..2507c8b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-remote.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-remote.txt @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--[no-]tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url> 'git remote rename' <old> <new> 'git remote remove' <name> -'git remote set-head' <name> (-a | -d | <branch>) +'git remote set-head' <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>) 'git remote set-branches' [--add] <name> <branch>... 'git remote set-url' [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>] 'git remote set-url --add' [--push] <name> <newurl> @@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ branch. For example, if the default branch for `origin` is set to `master`, then `origin` may be specified wherever you would normally specify `origin/master`. + -With `-d`, the symbolic ref `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is deleted. +With `-d` or `--delete`, the symbolic ref `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is deleted. + -With `-a`, the remote is queried to determine its `HEAD`, then the +With `-a` or `--auto`, the remote is queried to determine its `HEAD`, then the symbolic-ref `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is set to the same branch. e.g., if the remote `HEAD` is pointed at `next`, "`git remote set-head origin -a`" will set the symbolic-ref `refs/remotes/origin/HEAD` to `refs/remotes/origin/next`. This will diff --git a/Documentation/git-repack.txt b/Documentation/git-repack.txt index 4c1aff6..509cf73 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-repack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-repack.txt @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -This script is used to combine all objects that do not currently +This command is used to combine all objects that do not currently reside in a "pack", into a pack. It can also be used to re-organize existing packs into a single, more efficient pack. diff --git a/Documentation/git-replace.txt b/Documentation/git-replace.txt index e0b4057..f373ab4 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-replace.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-replace.txt @@ -20,8 +20,14 @@ The name of the 'replace' reference is the SHA-1 of the object that is replaced. The content of the 'replace' reference is the SHA-1 of the replacement object. +The replaced object and the replacement object must be of the same type. +This restriction can be bypassed using `-f`. + Unless `-f` is given, the 'replace' reference must not yet exist. +There is no other restriction on the replaced and replacement objects. +Merge commits can be replaced by non-merge commits and vice versa. + Replacement references will be used by default by all Git commands except those doing reachability traversal (prune, pack transfer and fsck). @@ -49,18 +55,34 @@ achieve the same effect as the `--no-replace-objects` option. OPTIONS ------- -f:: +--force:: If an existing replace ref for the same object exists, it will be overwritten (instead of failing). -d:: +--delete:: Delete existing replace refs for the given objects. -l <pattern>:: +--list <pattern>:: List replace refs for objects that match the given pattern (or all if no pattern is given). Typing "git replace" without arguments, also lists all replace refs. +CREATING REPLACEMENT OBJECTS +---------------------------- + +linkgit:git-filter-branch[1], linkgit:git-hash-object[1] and +linkgit:git-rebase[1], among other git commands, can be used to create +replacement objects from existing objects. + +If you want to replace many blobs, trees or commits that are part of a +string of commits, you may just want to create a replacement string of +commits and then only replace the commit at the tip of the target +string of commits with the commit at the tip of the replacement string +of commits. + BUGS ---- Comparing blobs or trees that have been replaced with those that @@ -69,12 +91,13 @@ go back to a replaced commit will move the branch to the replacement commit instead of the replaced commit. There may be other problems when using 'git rev-list' related to -pending objects. And of course things may break if an object of one -type is replaced by an object of another type (for example a blob -replaced by a commit). +pending objects. SEE ALSO -------- +linkgit:git-hash-object[1] +linkgit:git-filter-branch[1] +linkgit:git-rebase[1] linkgit:git-tag[1] linkgit:git-branch[1] linkgit:git[1] diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt index a404b47..f445cb3 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>... -'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-sh>] [--] [<paths>...] +'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...] 'git reset' [--soft | --mixed | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>] DESCRIPTION diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt index 65ac27e..045b37b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [ \--right-only ] [ \--cherry-mark ] [ \--cherry-pick ] - [ \--encoding[=<encoding>] ] + [ \--encoding=<encoding> ] [ \--(author|committer|grep)=<pattern> ] [ \--regexp-ignore-case | -i ] [ \--extended-regexp | -E ] diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt index 993903c..0d2cdcd 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt @@ -24,9 +24,23 @@ distinguish between them. OPTIONS ------- + +Operation Modes +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Each of these options must appear first on the command line. + --parseopt:: Use 'git rev-parse' in option parsing mode (see PARSEOPT section below). +--sq-quote:: + Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE + section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this + mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input. + +Options for --parseopt +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + --keep-dashdash:: Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Tells the option parser to echo out the first `--` met instead of skipping it. @@ -36,10 +50,12 @@ OPTIONS the first non-option argument. This can be used to parse sub-commands that take options themselves. ---sq-quote:: - Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE - section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this - mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input. +--stuck-long:: + Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Output the options in their + long form if available, and with their arguments stuck. + +Options for Filtering +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --revs-only:: Do not output flags and parameters not meant for @@ -55,6 +71,9 @@ OPTIONS --no-flags:: Do not output flag parameters. +Options for Output +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + --default <arg>:: If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>` instead. @@ -83,7 +102,7 @@ eval "set -- $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$prefix" "$@")" + If you want to make sure that the output actually names an object in your object database and/or can be used as a specific type of object -you require, you can add "^{type}" peeling operator to the parmeter. +you require, you can add "^{type}" peeling operator to the parameter. For example, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{commit}"` will make sure `$VAR` names an existing object that is a commit-ish (i.e. a commit, or an annotated tag that points at a commit). To make sure that `$VAR` @@ -110,6 +129,17 @@ can be used. strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have one. +--abbrev-ref[=(strict|loose)]:: + A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name. + The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict + abbreviation mode. + +--short:: +--short=number:: + Instead of outputting the full SHA-1 values of object names try to + abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified + 7 is used. The minimum length is 4. + --symbolic:: Usually the object names are output in SHA-1 form (with possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a @@ -123,16 +153,8 @@ can be used. unfortunately named tag "master"), and show them as full refnames (e.g. "refs/heads/master"). ---abbrev-ref[=(strict|loose)]:: - A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name. - The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict - abbreviation mode. - ---disambiguate=<prefix>:: - Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix. - The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to - avoid listing each and every object in the repository by - mistake. +Options for Objects +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --all:: Show all refs found in `refs/`. @@ -155,18 +177,34 @@ shown. If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`, character (`?`, `*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by appending `/*`. ---show-toplevel:: - Show the absolute path of the top-level directory. +--exclude=<glob-pattern>:: + Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`, + `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise + consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns + up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or + `--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear + accumlated patterns). ++ +The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or +`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`, +respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob` +or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given +explicitly. ---show-prefix:: - When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the - path of the current directory relative to the top-level - directory. +--disambiguate=<prefix>:: + Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix. + The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to + avoid listing each and every object in the repository by + mistake. ---show-cdup:: - When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the - path of the top-level directory relative to the current - directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string). +Options for Files +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +--local-env-vars:: + List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the + repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR). + Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value, + even if they are set. --git-dir:: Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined. Otherwise show the path to @@ -188,17 +226,27 @@ print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status. --is-bare-repository:: When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false". ---local-env-vars:: - List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the - repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR). - Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value, - even if they are set. +--resolve-git-dir <path>:: + Check if <path> is a valid repository or a gitfile that + points at a valid repository, and print the location of the + repository. If <path> is a gitfile then the resolved path + to the real repository is printed. ---short:: ---short=number:: - Instead of outputting the full SHA-1 values of object names try to - abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified - 7 is used. The minimum length is 4. +--show-cdup:: + When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the + path of the top-level directory relative to the current + directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string). + +--show-prefix:: + When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the + path of the current directory relative to the top-level + directory. + +--show-toplevel:: + Show the absolute path of the top-level directory. + +Other Options +~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --since=datestring:: --after=datestring:: @@ -213,12 +261,6 @@ print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status. <args>...:: Flags and parameters to be parsed. ---resolve-git-dir <path>:: - Check if <path> is a valid repository or a gitfile that - points at a valid repository, and print the location of the - repository. If <path> is a gitfile then the resolved path - to the real repository is printed. - include::revisions.txt[] @@ -261,7 +303,9 @@ Each line of options has this format: `<flags>` are of `*`, `=`, `?` or `!`. * Use `=` if the option takes an argument. - * Use `?` to mean that the option is optional (though its use is discouraged). + * Use `?` to mean that the option takes an optional argument. You + probably want to use the `--stuck-long` mode to be able to + unambiguously parse the optional argument. * Use `*` to mean that this option should not be listed in the usage generated for the `-h` argument. It's shown for `--help-all` as diff --git a/Documentation/git-revert.txt b/Documentation/git-revert.txt index f79c9d8..2de67a5 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-revert.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-revert.txt @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ brought in by the merge. As a result, later merges will only bring in tree changes introduced by commits that are not ancestors of the previously reverted merge. This may or may not be what you want. + -See the link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for +See the link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for more details. --no-edit:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-rm.txt b/Documentation/git-rm.txt index 1d876c2..9d731b4 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rm.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rm.txt @@ -134,14 +134,16 @@ use the following command: git diff --name-only --diff-filter=D -z | xargs -0 git rm --cached ---------------- -Submodules -~~~~~~~~~~ +SUBMODULES +---------- Only submodules using a gitfile (which means they were cloned with a Git version 1.7.8 or newer) will be removed from the work tree, as their repository lives inside the .git directory of the superproject. If a submodule (or one of those nested inside it) still uses a .git directory, `git rm` will fail - no matter if forced -or not - to protect the submodule's history. +or not - to protect the submodule's history. If it exists the +submodule.<name> section in the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file will also +be removed and that file will be staged (unless --cached or -n are used). A submodule is considered up-to-date when the HEAD is the same as recorded in the index, no tracked files are modified and no untracked diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt index 40a9a9a..f0e57a5 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt @@ -198,6 +198,12 @@ must be used for each option. --smtp-ssl:: Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'. +--smtp-ssl-cert-path:: + Path to ca-certificates (either a directory or a single file). + Set it to an empty string to disable certificate verification. + Defaults to the value set to the 'sendemail.smtpsslcertpath' + configuration variable, if set, or `/etc/ssl/certs` otherwise. + --smtp-user=<user>:: Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtpuser'; if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or 'sendemail.smtpuser'), diff --git a/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt b/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt index 5d709d0..4f67c4c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt @@ -41,9 +41,11 @@ usage:: die with the usage message. set_reflog_action:: - set the message that will be recorded to describe the - end-user action in the reflog, when the script updates a - ref. + Set GIT_REFLOG_ACTION environment to a given string (typically + the name of the program) unless it is already set. Whenever + the script runs a `git` command that updates refs, a reflog + entry is created using the value of this string to leave the + record of what command updated the ref. git_editor:: runs an editor of user's choice (GIT_EDITOR, core.editor, VISUAL or diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt index de4d352..b0a309b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt @@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ commit IDs. Results can be filtered using a pattern and tags can be dereferenced into object IDs. Additionally, it can be used to test whether a particular ref exists. +By default, shows the tags, heads, and remote refs. + The --exclude-existing form is a filter that does the inverse, it shows the refs from stdin that don't exist in the local repository. @@ -32,14 +34,14 @@ OPTIONS --head:: - Show the HEAD reference. + Show the HEAD reference, even if it would normally be filtered out. --tags:: --heads:: - Limit to only "refs/heads" and "refs/tags", respectively. These - options are not mutually exclusive; when given both, references stored - in "refs/heads" and "refs/tags" are displayed. + Limit to "refs/heads" and "refs/tags", respectively. These options + are not mutually exclusive; when given both, references stored in + "refs/heads" and "refs/tags" are displayed. -d:: --dereference:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-show.txt b/Documentation/git-show.txt index ae4edcc..4e617e6 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-show.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-show.txt @@ -45,6 +45,15 @@ include::pretty-options.txt[] include::pretty-formats.txt[] +COMMON DIFF OPTIONS +------------------- + +:git-log: 1 +include::diff-options.txt[] + +include::diff-generate-patch.txt[] + + EXAMPLES -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt index 7c8b648..db7e803 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-stash.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt @@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git stash' ( pop | apply ) [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>] 'git stash' branch <branchname> [<stash>] 'git stash' [save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet] - [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-f|--force] - [<message>]] + [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [<message>]] 'git stash' clear 'git stash' create [<message>] 'git stash' store [-m|--message <message>] [-q|--quiet] <commit> @@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ is also possible). OPTIONS ------- -save [-p|--patch] [--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [-f|--force] [<message>]:: +save [-p|--patch] [--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]:: Save your local modifications to a new 'stash', and run `git reset --hard` to revert them. The <message> part is optional and gives @@ -72,13 +71,6 @@ linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode. + The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`. You can use `--no-keep-index` to override this. -+ -In some cases, saving a stash could mean irretrievably removing some -data - if a directory with untracked files replaces a tracked file of -the same name, the new untracked files are not saved (except in case -of `--include-untracked`) but the original tracked file shall be restored. -By default, `stash save` will abort in such a case; `--force` will allow -it to remove the untracked files. list [<options>]:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-status.txt b/Documentation/git-status.txt index 9046df9..a4acaa0 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-status.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-status.txt @@ -210,7 +210,13 @@ directory. If `status.submodulesummary` is set to a non zero number or true (identical to -1 or an unlimited number), the submodule summary will be enabled for the long format and a summary of commits for modified submodules will be -shown (see --summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]). +shown (see --summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]). Please note +that the summary output from the status command will be suppressed for all +submodules when `diff.ignoreSubmodules` is set to 'all' or only for those +submodules where `submodule.<name>.ignore=all`. To also view the summary for +ignored submodules you can either use the --ignore-submodules=dirty command +line option or the 'git submodule summary' command, which shows a similar +output but does not honor these settings. SEE ALSO -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt index bfff090..bfef8a0 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt @@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>] - [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>] + [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--] <repository> [<path>] 'git submodule' [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...] 'git submodule' [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...] 'git submodule' [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] [--] <path>... 'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch] - [-f|--force] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>] + [-f|--force] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...] 'git submodule' [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [(-n|--summary-limit) <n>] [commit] [--] [<path>...] @@ -159,7 +159,9 @@ update:: This will make the submodules HEAD be detached unless `--rebase` or `--merge` is specified or the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to `rebase`, `merge` or `none`. `none` can be overridden by specifying - `--checkout`. + `--checkout`. Setting the key `submodule.$name.update` to `!command` + will cause `command` to be run. `command` can be any arbitrary shell + command that takes a single argument, namely the sha1 to update to. + If the submodule is not yet initialized, and you just want to use the setting as stored in .gitmodules, you can automatically initialize the @@ -328,6 +330,12 @@ for linkgit:git-clone[1]'s `--reference` and `--shared` options carefully. only in the submodules of the current repo, but also in any nested submodules inside those submodules (and so on). +--depth:: + This option is valid for add and update commands. Create a 'shallow' + clone with a history truncated to the specified number of revisions. + See linkgit:git-clone[1] + + <path>...:: Paths to submodule(s). When specified this will restrict the command to only operate on the submodules found at the specified paths. diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt index aad452f..30c5ee2 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt @@ -79,8 +79,21 @@ COMMANDS trailing slash, so be sure you include one in the argument if that is what you want. If --branches/-b is specified, the prefix must include a trailing slash. - Setting a prefix is useful if you wish to track multiple - projects that share a common repository. + Setting a prefix (with a trailing slash) is strongly + encouraged in any case, as your SVN-tracking refs will + then be located at "refs/remotes/$prefix/*", which is + compatible with Git's own remote-tracking ref layout + (refs/remotes/$remote/*). Setting a prefix is also useful + if you wish to track multiple projects that share a common + repository. ++ +NOTE: In Git v2.0, the default prefix will CHANGE from "" (no prefix) +to "origin/". This is done to put SVN-tracking refs at +"refs/remotes/origin/*" instead of "refs/remotes/*", and make them +more compatible with how Git's own remote-tracking refs are organized +(i.e. refs/remotes/$remote/*). You can enjoy the same benefits today, +by using the --prefix option. + --ignore-paths=<regex>;; When passed to 'init' or 'clone' this regular expression will be preserved as a config key. See 'fetch' for a description @@ -104,19 +117,22 @@ COMMANDS 'fetch':: Fetch unfetched revisions from the Subversion remote we are tracking. The name of the [svn-remote "..."] section in the - .git/config file may be specified as an optional command-line - argument. + $GIT_DIR/config file may be specified as an optional + command-line argument. ++ +This automatically updates the rev_map if needed (see +'$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*' in the FILES section below for details). --localtime;; - Store Git commit times in the local timezone instead of UTC. This + Store Git commit times in the local time zone instead of UTC. This makes 'git log' (even without --date=local) show the same times - that `svn log` would in the local timezone. + that `svn log` would in the local time zone. + This doesn't interfere with interoperating with the Subversion repository you cloned from, but if you wish for your local Git repository to be able to interoperate with someone else's local Git repository, either don't use this option or you should both use it in -the same local timezone. +the same local time zone. --parent;; Fetch only from the SVN parent of the current HEAD. @@ -159,11 +175,11 @@ Skip "branches" and "tags" of first level directories;; precedence over '--include-paths'. --log-window-size=<n>;; - Fetch <n> log entries per request when scanning Subversion history. - The default is 100. For very large Subversion repositories, larger - values may be needed for 'clone'/'fetch' to complete in reasonable - time. But overly large values may lead to higher memory usage and - request timeouts. + Fetch <n> log entries per request when scanning Subversion history. + The default is 100. For very large Subversion repositories, larger + values may be needed for 'clone'/'fetch' to complete in reasonable + time. But overly large values may lead to higher memory usage and + request timeouts. 'clone':: Runs 'init' and 'fetch'. It will automatically create a @@ -201,6 +217,9 @@ accept. However, '--fetch-all' only fetches from the current + Like 'git rebase'; this requires that the working tree be clean and have no uncommitted changes. ++ +This automatically updates the rev_map if needed (see +'$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*' in the FILES section below for details). -l;; --local;; @@ -256,7 +275,7 @@ first have already been pushed into SVN. For each patch, one may answer "yes" (accept this patch), "no" (discard this patch), "all" (accept all patches), or "quit". + - 'git svn dcommit' returns immediately if answer if "no" or "quit", without + 'git svn dcommit' returns immediately if answer is "no" or "quit", without committing anything to SVN. 'branch':: @@ -347,12 +366,12 @@ environment). This command has the same behaviour. Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log' 'blame':: - Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file. The - output of this mode is format-compatible with the output of - `svn blame' by default. Like the SVN blame command, - local uncommitted changes in the working tree are ignored; - the version of the file in the HEAD revision is annotated. Unknown - arguments are passed directly to 'git blame'. + Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file. The + output of this mode is format-compatible with the output of + `svn blame' by default. Like the SVN blame command, + local uncommitted changes in the working tree are ignored; + the version of the file in the HEAD revision is annotated. Unknown + arguments are passed directly to 'git blame'. + --git-format;; Produce output in the same format as 'git blame', but with @@ -435,8 +454,8 @@ Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log' specific revision. 'gc':: - Compress $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files in .git/svn - and remove $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>index files in .git/svn. + Compress $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files and remove + $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/index files. 'reset':: Undoes the effects of 'fetch' back to the specified revision. @@ -449,9 +468,10 @@ Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log' file cannot be ignored forever (with --ignore-paths) the only way to repair the repo is to use 'reset'. + -Only the rev_map and refs/remotes/git-svn are changed. Follow 'reset' -with a 'fetch' and then 'git reset' or 'git rebase' to move local -branches onto the new tree. +Only the rev_map and refs/remotes/git-svn are changed (see +'$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*' in the FILES section below for details). +Follow 'reset' with a 'fetch' and then 'git reset' or 'git rebase' to +move local branches onto the new tree. -r <n>;; --revision=<n>;; @@ -684,7 +704,7 @@ svn-remote.<name>.noMetadata:: + This option can only be used for one-shot imports as 'git svn' will not be able to fetch again without metadata. Additionally, -if you lose your .git/svn/**/.rev_map.* files, 'git svn' will not +if you lose your '$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*' files, 'git svn' will not be able to rebuild them. + The 'git svn log' command will not work on repositories using @@ -804,16 +824,16 @@ Tracking and contributing to an entire Subversion-managed project ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Clone a repo with standard SVN directory layout (like git clone): - git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project --stdlayout + git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project --stdlayout --prefix svn/ # Or, if the repo uses a non-standard directory layout: - git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project -T tr -b branch -t tag + git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project -T tr -b branch -t tag --prefix svn/ # View all branches and tags you have cloned: git branch -r # Create a new branch in SVN - git svn branch waldo + git svn branch waldo # Reset your master to trunk (or any other branch, replacing 'trunk' # with the appropriate name): - git reset --hard remotes/trunk + git reset --hard svn/trunk # You may only dcommit to one branch/tag/trunk at a time. The usage # of dcommit/rebase/show-ignore should be the same as above. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ @@ -827,7 +847,7 @@ have each person clone that repository with 'git clone': ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Do the initial import on a server - ssh server "cd /pub && git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project + ssh server "cd /pub && git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project [options...]" # Clone locally - make sure the refs/remotes/ space matches the server mkdir project cd project @@ -840,8 +860,9 @@ have each person clone that repository with 'git clone': git config --remove-section remote.origin # Create a local branch from one of the branches just fetched git checkout -b master FETCH_HEAD -# Initialize 'git svn' locally (be sure to use the same URL and -T/-b/-t options as were used on server) - git svn init http://svn.example.com/project +# Initialize 'git svn' locally (be sure to use the same URL and +# --stdlayout/-T/-b/-t/--prefix options as were used on server) + git svn init http://svn.example.com/project [options...] # Pull the latest changes from Subversion git svn rebase ------------------------------------------------------------------------ @@ -973,12 +994,22 @@ without giving any repository layout options. If the full history with branches and tags is required, the options '--trunk' / '--branches' / '--tags' must be used. +When using the options for describing the repository layout (--trunk, +--tags, --branches, --stdlayout), please also specify the --prefix +option (e.g. '--prefix=origin/') to cause your SVN-tracking refs to be +placed at refs/remotes/origin/* rather than the default refs/remotes/*. +The former is more compatible with the layout of Git's "regular" +remote-tracking refs (refs/remotes/$remote/*), and may potentially +prevent similarly named SVN branches and Git remotes from clobbering +each other. In Git v2.0 the default prefix used (i.e. when no --prefix +is given) will change from "" (no prefix) to "origin/". + When using multiple --branches or --tags, 'git svn' does not automatically handle name collisions (for example, if two branches from different paths have the same name, or if a branch and a tag have the same name). In these cases, use 'init' to set up your Git repository then, before your first 'fetch', edit -the .git/config file so that the branches and tags are associated with -different name spaces. For example: +the $GIT_DIR/config file so that the branches and tags are associated +with different name spaces. For example: branches = stable/*:refs/remotes/svn/stable/* branches = debug/*:refs/remotes/svn/debug/* @@ -1006,7 +1037,7 @@ CONFIGURATION ------------- 'git svn' stores [svn-remote] configuration information in the -repository .git/config file. It is similar the core Git +repository $GIT_DIR/config file. It is similar the core Git [remote] sections except 'fetch' keys do not accept glob arguments; but they are instead handled by the 'branches' and 'tags' keys. Since some SVN repositories are oddly @@ -1035,8 +1066,8 @@ comma-separated list of names within braces. For example: [svn-remote "huge-project"] url = http://server.org/svn fetch = trunk/src:refs/remotes/trunk - branches = branches/{red,green}/src:refs/remotes/branches/* - tags = tags/{1.0,2.0}/src:refs/remotes/tags/* + branches = branches/{red,green}/src:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/* + tags = tags/{1.0,2.0}/src:refs/remotes/project-a/tags/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Multiple fetch, branches, and tags keys are supported: @@ -1060,8 +1091,21 @@ $ git svn branch -d branches/server release-2-3-0 Note that git-svn keeps track of the highest revision in which a branch or tag has appeared. If the subset of branches or tags is changed after -fetching, then .git/svn/.metadata must be manually edited to remove (or -reset) branches-maxRev and/or tags-maxRev as appropriate. +fetching, then $GIT_DIR/svn/.metadata must be manually edited to remove +(or reset) branches-maxRev and/or tags-maxRev as appropriate. + +FILES +----- +$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*:: + Mapping between Subversion revision numbers and Git commit + names. In a repository where the noMetadata option is not set, + this can be rebuilt from the git-svn-id: lines that are at the + end of every commit (see the 'svn.noMetadata' section above for + details). ++ +'git svn fetch' and 'git svn rebase' automatically update the rev_map +if it is missing or not up to date. 'git svn reset' automatically +rewinds it. SEE ALSO -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt index 22894cb..c418c44 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt @@ -42,6 +42,17 @@ committer identity for the current user is used to find the GnuPG key for signing. The configuration variable `gpg.program` is used to specify custom GnuPG binary. +Tag objects (created with `-a`, `s`, or `-u`) are called "annotated" +tags; they contain a creation date, the tagger name and e-mail, a +tagging message, and an optional GnuPG signature. Whereas a +"lightweight" tag is simply a name for an object (usually a commit +object). + +Annotated tags are meant for release while lightweight tags are meant +for private or temporary object labels. For this reason, some git +commands for naming objects (like `git describe`) will ignore +lightweight tags by default. + OPTIONS ------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt index ff23494..12cb108 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-unpack-objects - Unpack objects from a packed archive SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git unpack-objects' [-n] [-q] [-r] [--strict] <pack-file +'git unpack-objects' [-n] [-q] [-r] [--strict] < <pack-file> DESCRIPTION diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt index 0df13ff..0a0a551 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-update-ref - Update the object name stored in a ref safely SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git update-ref' [-m <reason>] (-d <ref> [<oldvalue>] | [--no-deref] <ref> <newvalue> [<oldvalue>]) +'git update-ref' [-m <reason>] (-d <ref> [<oldvalue>] | [--no-deref] <ref> <newvalue> [<oldvalue>] | --stdin [-z]) DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -58,6 +58,58 @@ archive by creating a symlink tree). With `-d` flag, it deletes the named <ref> after verifying it still contains <oldvalue>. +With `--stdin`, update-ref reads instructions from standard input and +performs all modifications together. Specify commands of the form: + + update SP <ref> SP <newvalue> [SP <oldvalue>] LF + create SP <ref> SP <newvalue> LF + delete SP <ref> [SP <oldvalue>] LF + verify SP <ref> [SP <oldvalue>] LF + option SP <opt> LF + +Quote fields containing whitespace as if they were strings in C source +code. Alternatively, use `-z` to specify commands without quoting: + + update SP <ref> NUL <newvalue> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL + create SP <ref> NUL <newvalue> NUL + delete SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL + verify SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL + option SP <opt> NUL + +Lines of any other format or a repeated <ref> produce an error. +Command meanings are: + +update:: + Set <ref> to <newvalue> after verifying <oldvalue>, if given. + Specify a zero <newvalue> to ensure the ref does not exist + after the update and/or a zero <oldvalue> to make sure the + ref does not exist before the update. + +create:: + Create <ref> with <newvalue> after verifying it does not + exist. The given <newvalue> may not be zero. + +delete:: + Delete <ref> after verifying it exists with <oldvalue>, if + given. If given, <oldvalue> may not be zero. + +verify:: + Verify <ref> against <oldvalue> but do not change it. If + <oldvalue> zero or missing, the ref must not exist. + +option:: + Modify behavior of the next command naming a <ref>. + The only valid option is `no-deref` to avoid dereferencing + a symbolic ref. + +Use 40 "0" or the empty string to specify a zero value, except that +with `-z` an empty <oldvalue> is considered missing. + +If all <ref>s can be locked with matching <oldvalue>s +simultaneously, all modifications are performed. Otherwise, no +modifications are performed. Note that while each individual +<ref> is updated or deleted atomically, a concurrent reader may +still see a subset of the modifications. Logging Updates --------------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt index 5aec4ec..2de575f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt @@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ The following browsers (or commands) are currently supported: * open (this is the default under Mac OS X GUI) * start (this is the default under MinGW) * cygstart (this is the default under Cygwin) +* xdg-open Custom commands may also be specified. diff --git a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt index c600b61..8b63ceb 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt @@ -13,43 +13,17 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces. The -command internally invokes 'git rev-list' piped to -'git diff-tree', and takes command line options for both of -these commands. -This manual page describes only the most frequently used options. +Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces. +New users are encouraged to use linkgit:git-log[1] instead. The +`whatchanged` command is essentially the same as linkgit:git-log[1] +but defaults to show the raw format diff output and to skip merges. -OPTIONS -------- --p:: - Show textual diffs, instead of the Git internal diff - output format that is useful only to tell the changed - paths and their nature of changes. +The command is kept primarily for historical reasons; fingers of +many people who learned Git long before `git log` was invented by +reading Linux kernel mailing list are trained to type it. --<n>:: - Limit output to <n> commits. - -<since>..<until>:: - Limit output to between the two named commits (bottom - exclusive, top inclusive). - --r:: - Show Git internal diff output, but for the whole tree, - not just the top level. - --m:: - By default, differences for merge commits are not shown. - With this flag, show differences to that commit from all - of its parents. -+ -However, it is not very useful in general, although it -*is* useful on a file-by-file basis. - -include::pretty-options.txt[] - -include::pretty-formats.txt[] Examples -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt index 2c1f6f5..4448ce2 100644 --- a/Documentation/git.txt +++ b/Documentation/git.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git - the stupid content tracker SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git' [--version] [--help] [-c <name>=<value>] +'git' [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>] [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path] [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare] [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>] @@ -43,9 +43,27 @@ unreleased) version of Git, that is available from 'master' branch of the `git.git` repository. Documentation for older releases are available here: -* link:v1.8.3.2/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.3.2] +* link:v1.8.5.1/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.5.1] * release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt[1.8.5.1], + link:RelNotes/1.8.5.txt[1.8.5]. + +* link:v1.8.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.4.5] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt[1.8.4.5], + link:RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt[1.8.4.4], + link:RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt[1.8.4.3], + link:RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt[1.8.4.2], + link:RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt[1.8.4.1], + link:RelNotes/1.8.4.txt[1.8.4]. + +* link:v1.8.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.3.4] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt[1.8.3.4], + link:RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt[1.8.3.3], link:RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt[1.8.3.2], link:RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt[1.8.3.1], link:RelNotes/1.8.3.txt[1.8.3]. @@ -388,6 +406,20 @@ displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information, because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git help ...`. +-C <path>:: + Run as if git was started in '<path>' instead of the current working + directory. When multiple `-C` options are given, each subsequent + non-absolute `-C <path>` is interpreted relative to the preceding `-C + <path>`. ++ +This option affects options that expect path name like `--git-dir` and +`--work-tree` in that their interpretations of the path names would be +made relative to the working directory caused by the `-C` option. For +example the following invocations are equivalent: + + git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=b -C c status + git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/b status + -c <name>=<value>:: Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value given will override values from configuration files. @@ -454,19 +486,19 @@ help ...`. This is equivalent to setting the `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. ---glob-pathspecs: +--glob-pathspecs:: Add "glob" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting the `GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Disabling globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec magic ":(literal)" ---noglob-pathspecs: +--noglob-pathspecs:: Add "literal" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting the `GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Enabling globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec magic ":(glob)" ---icase-pathspecs: +--icase-pathspecs:: Add "icase" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting the `GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. @@ -831,7 +863,7 @@ for further details. 'GIT_FLUSH':: If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log', - 'git check-attr', 'git check-ignore', and 'git whatchanged' will + 'git check-attr' and 'git check-ignore' will force a flush of the output stream after each record have been flushed. If this variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done @@ -887,6 +919,16 @@ GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS:: Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all pathspecs as case-insensitive. +'GIT_REFLOG_ACTION':: + When a ref is updated, reflog entries are created to keep + track of the reason why the ref was updated (which is + typically the name of the high-level command that updated + the ref), in addition to the old and new values of the ref. + A scripted Porcelain command can use set_reflog_action + helper function in `git-sh-setup` to set its name to this + variable when it is invoked as the top level command by the + end user, to be recorded in the body of the reflog. + Discussion[[Discussion]] ------------------------ diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt index 9ac5088..3f33ca5 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitcli.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt @@ -59,6 +59,10 @@ working tree. After running `git add hello.c; rm hello.c`, you will _not_ see `hello.c` in your working tree with the former, but with the latter you will. + * Just as the filesystem '.' (period) refers to the current directory, + using a '.' as a repository name in Git (a dot-repository) is a relative + path and means your current repository. + Here are the rules regarding the "flags" that you should follow when you are scripting Git: @@ -68,23 +72,23 @@ scripting Git: * splitting short options to separate words (prefer `git foo -a -b` to `git foo -ab`, the latter may not even work). - * when a command line option takes an argument, use the 'sticked' form. In + * when a command line option takes an argument, use the 'stuck' form. In other words, write `git foo -oArg` instead of `git foo -o Arg` for short options, and `git foo --long-opt=Arg` instead of `git foo --long-opt Arg` for long options. An option that takes optional option-argument must be - written in the 'sticked' form. + written in the 'stuck' form. * when you give a revision parameter to a command, make sure the parameter is not ambiguous with a name of a file in the work tree. E.g. do not write `git log -1 HEAD` but write `git log -1 HEAD --`; the former will not work if you happen to have a file called `HEAD` in the work tree. - * many commands allow a long option "--option" to be abbreviated + * many commands allow a long option `--option` to be abbreviated only to their unique prefix (e.g. if there is no other option - whose name begins with "opt", you may be able to spell "--opt" to - invoke the "--option" flag), but you should fully spell them out + whose name begins with `opt`, you may be able to spell `--opt` to + invoke the `--option` flag), but you should fully spell them out when writing your scripts; later versions of Git may introduce a - new option whose name shares the same prefix, e.g. "--optimize", + new option whose name shares the same prefix, e.g. `--optimize`, to make a short prefix that used to be unique no longer unique. @@ -106,7 +110,7 @@ couple of magic command line options: + --------------------------------------------- $ git describe -h -usage: git describe [options] <committish>* +usage: git describe [options] <commit-ish>* or: git describe [options] --dirty --contains find the tag that comes after the commit @@ -145,7 +149,7 @@ prefix of a long option as if it is fully spelled out, but use this with a caution. For example, `git commit --amen` behaves as if you typed `git commit --amend`, but that is true only until a later version of Git introduces another option that shares the same prefix, -e.g `git commit --amenity" option. +e.g. `git commit --amenity` option. Separating argument from the option @@ -161,7 +165,7 @@ $ git foo -o Arg ---------------------------- However, this is *NOT* allowed for switches with an optional value, where the -'sticked' form must be used: +'stuck' form must be used: ---------------------------- $ git describe --abbrev HEAD # correct $ git describe --abbrev=10 HEAD # correct diff --git a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt index f538a87..058a352 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt @@ -534,42 +534,9 @@ all, but just show the actual commit message. In fact, together with the 'git rev-list' program (which generates a list of revisions), 'git diff-tree' ends up being a veritable fount of -changes. A trivial (but very useful) script called 'git whatchanged' is -included with Git which does exactly this, and shows a log of recent -activities. - -To see the whole history of our pitiful little git-tutorial project, you -can do - ----------------- -$ git log ----------------- - -which shows just the log messages, or if we want to see the log together -with the associated patches use the more complex (and much more -powerful) - ----------------- -$ git whatchanged -p ----------------- - -and you will see exactly what has changed in the repository over its -short history. - -[NOTE] -When using the above two commands, the initial commit will be shown. -If this is a problem because it is huge, you can hide it by setting -the log.showroot configuration variable to false. Having this, you -can still show it for each command just adding the `--root` option, -which is a flag for 'git diff-tree' accepted by both commands. - -With that, you should now be having some inkling of what Git does, and -can explore on your own. - -[NOTE] -Most likely, you are not directly using the core -Git Plumbing commands, but using Porcelain such as 'git add', `git-rm' -and `git-commit'. +changes. You can emulate `git log`, `git log -p`, etc. with a trivial +script that pipes the output of `git rev-list` to `git diff-tree --stdin`, +which was exactly how early versions of `git log` were implemented. Tagging a version diff --git a/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt b/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt index 5ab5b07..5ea94cb 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ points. You can use these, for example, to send all commits to the shared repository to a mailing list. See linkgit:githooks[5]. You can enforce finer grained permissions using update hooks. See -link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[Controlling access to branches using +link:howto/update-hook-example.html[Controlling access to branches using update hooks]. Providing CVS Access to a Git Repository diff --git a/Documentation/gitignore.txt b/Documentation/gitignore.txt index 54e334e..f971960 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitignore.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitignore.txt @@ -113,12 +113,12 @@ full pathname may have special meaning: - A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory - "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "**/foo/bar" + "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "`**/foo/bar`" matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly under directory "`foo`". - - A trailing "/**" matches everything inside. For example, - "abc/**" matches all files inside directory "abc", relative + - A trailing "`/**`" matches everything inside. For example, + "`abc/**`" matches all files inside directory "`abc`", relative to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth. - A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash diff --git a/Documentation/gitk.txt b/Documentation/gitk.txt index c17e760..d44e14c 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitk.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitk.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ gitk - The Git repository browser SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'gitk' [<option>...] [<revs>] [--] [<path>...] +'gitk' [<options>] [<revision range>] [\--] [<path>...] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -16,21 +16,38 @@ Displays changes in a repository or a selected set of commits. This includes visualizing the commit graph, showing information related to each commit, and the files in the trees of each revision. -Historically, gitk was the first repository browser. It's written in tcl/tk -and started off in a separate repository but was later merged into the main -Git repository. - OPTIONS ------- -To control which revisions to show, the command takes options applicable to -the 'git rev-list' command (see linkgit:git-rev-list[1]). -This manual page describes only the most -frequently used options. --n <number>:: ---max-count=<number>:: +To control which revisions to show, gitk supports most options +applicable to the 'git rev-list' command. It also supports a few +options applicable to the 'git diff-*' commands to control how the +changes each commit introduces are shown. Finally, it supports some +gitk-specific options. + +gitk generally only understands options with arguments in the +'sticked' form (see linkgit:gitcli[7]) due to limitations in the +command line parser. + +rev-list options and arguments +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This manual page describes only the most frequently used options. See +linkgit:git-rev-list[1] for a complete list. + +--all:: + + Show all refs (branches, tags, etc.). - Limits the number of commits to show. +--branches[=<pattern>]:: +--tags[=<pattern>]:: +--remotes[=<pattern>]:: + + Pretend as if all the branches (tags, remote branches, resp.) + are listed on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' + is given, limit refs to ones matching given shell glob. If + pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the + end is implied. --since=<date>:: @@ -40,9 +57,9 @@ frequently used options. Show commits older than a specific date. ---all:: +--date-order:: - Show all branches. + Sort commits by date when possible. --merge:: @@ -51,19 +68,37 @@ frequently used options. that modify the conflicted files and do not exist on all the heads being merged. ---argscmd=<command>:: - Command to be run each time gitk has to determine the list of - <revs> to show. The command is expected to print on its standard - output a list of additional revs to be shown, one per line. - Use this instead of explicitly specifying <revs> if the set of - commits to show may vary between refreshes. +--left-right:: ---select-commit=<ref>:: + Mark which side of a symmetric diff a commit is reachable + from. Commits from the left side are prefixed with a `<` + symbol and those from the right with a `>` symbol. - Automatically select the specified commit after loading the graph. - Default behavior is equivalent to specifying '--select-commit=HEAD'. +--full-history:: + + When filtering history with '<path>...', does not prune some + history. (See "History simplification" in linkgit:git-log[1] + for a more detailed explanation.) + +--simplify-merges:: -<revs>:: + Additional option to '--full-history' to remove some needless + merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected + commits contributing to this merge. (See "History + simplification" in linkgit:git-log[1] for a more detailed + explanation.) + +--ancestry-path:: + + When given a range of commits to display + (e.g. 'commit1..commit2' or 'commit2 {caret}commit1'), only + display commits that exist directly on the ancestry chain + between the 'commit1' and 'commit2', i.e. commits that are + both descendants of 'commit1', and ancestors of 'commit2'. + (See "History simplification" in linkgit:git-log[1] for a more + detailed explanation.) + +<revision range>:: Limit the revisions to show. This can be either a single revision meaning show from the given revision and back, or it can be a range in @@ -78,6 +113,23 @@ frequently used options. avoid ambiguity with respect to revision names use "--" to separate the paths from any preceding options. +gitk-specific options +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +--argscmd=<command>:: + + Command to be run each time gitk has to determine the revision + range to show. The command is expected to print on its + standard output a list of additional revisions to be shown, + one per line. Use this instead of explicitly specifying a + '<revision range>' if the set of commits to show may vary + between refreshes. + +--select-commit=<ref>:: + + Select the specified commit after loading the graph. + Default behavior is equivalent to specifying '--select-commit=HEAD'. + Examples -------- gitk v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi:: @@ -101,6 +153,13 @@ Files Gitk creates the .gitk file in your $HOME directory to store preferences such as display options, font, and colors. +History +------- +Gitk was the first graphical repository browser. It's written in +tcl/tk and started off in a separate repository but was later merged +into the main Git repository. + + SEE ALSO -------- 'qgit(1)':: diff --git a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt index 6a1ca4a..f7be93f 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt @@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ submodule.<name>.ignore:: the superproject, the setting there will override the one found in .gitmodules. Both settings can be overridden on the command line by using the - "--ignore-submodule" option. + "--ignore-submodule" option. The 'git submodule' commands are not + affected by this setting. EXAMPLES diff --git a/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt index 0827f69..f1f4ca9 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt @@ -120,6 +120,11 @@ connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS). When choosing between 'push' and 'export', Git prefers 'push'. Other frontends may have some other order of preference. +'no-private-update':: + When using the 'refspec' capability, git normally updates the + private ref on successful push. This update is disabled when + the remote-helper declares the capability 'no-private-update'. + Capabilities for Fetching ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ @@ -143,6 +148,10 @@ Supported commands: 'list', 'fetch'. + Supported commands: 'list', 'import'. +'check-connectivity':: + Can guarantee that when a clone is requested, the received + pack is self contained and is connected. + If a helper advertises 'connect', Git will use it if possible and fall back to another capability if the helper requests so when connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS). @@ -176,6 +185,12 @@ applicable refspec takes precedence. The left-hand of refspecs advertised with this capability must cover all refs reported by the list command. If no 'refspec' capability is advertised, there is an implied `refspec *:*`. ++ +When writing remote-helpers for decentralized version control +systems, it is advised to keep a local copy of the repository to +interact with, and to let the private namespace refs point to this +local repository, while the refs/remotes namespace is used to track +the remote repository. 'bidi-import':: This modifies the 'import' capability. @@ -270,6 +285,9 @@ Optionally may output a 'lock <file>' line indicating a file under GIT_DIR/objects/pack which is keeping a pack until refs can be suitably updated. + +If option 'check-connectivity' is requested, the helper must output +'connectivity-ok' if the clone is self-contained and connected. ++ Supported if the helper has the "fetch" capability. 'push' +<src>:<dst>:: @@ -416,6 +434,9 @@ set by Git if the remote helper has the 'option' capability. must not rely on this option being set before connect request occurs. +'option check-connectivity' \{'true'|'false'\}:: + Request the helper to check connectivity of a clone. + SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:git-remote[1] diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt index 305db63..e2113d9 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt @@ -822,18 +822,18 @@ timed:: Project specific override is not supported. javascript-timezone:: - Enable and configure the ability to change a common timezone for dates + Enable and configure the ability to change a common time zone for dates in gitweb output via JavaScript. Dates in gitweb output include authordate and committerdate in "commit", "commitdiff" and "log" views, and taggerdate in "tag" view. Enabled by default. + -The value is a list of three values: a default timezone (for if the client -hasn't selected some other timezone and saved it in a cookie), a name of cookie -where to store selected timezone, and a CSS class used to mark up +The value is a list of three values: a default time zone (for if the client +hasn't selected some other time zone and saved it in a cookie), a name of cookie +where to store selected time zone, and a CSS class used to mark up dates for manipulation. If you want to turn this feature off, set "default" to empty list: `[]`. + -Typical gitweb config files will only change starting (default) timezone, +Typical gitweb config files will only change starting (default) time zone, and leave other elements at their default values: + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -843,9 +843,9 @@ $feature{'javascript-timezone'}{'default'}[0] = "utc"; The example configuration presented here is guaranteed to be backwards and forward compatible. + -Timezone values can be "local" (for local timezone that browser uses), "utc" +Time zone values can be "local" (for local time zone that browser uses), "utc" (what gitweb uses when JavaScript or this feature is disabled), or numerical -timezones in the form of "+/-HHMM", such as "+0200". +time zones in the form of "+/-HHMM", such as "+0200". + Project specific override is not supported. diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.txt index 40969f1..cca14b8 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitweb.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitweb.txt @@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ repositories, you can configure Apache like this: The above configuration expects your public repositories to live under '/pub/git' and will serve them as `http://git.domain.org/dir-under-pub-git`, -both as cloneable Git URL and as browseable gitweb interface. If you then +both as clonable Git URL and as browseable gitweb interface. If you then start your linkgit:git-daemon[1] with `--base-path=/pub/git --export-all` then you can even use the `git://` URL with exactly the same path. diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt index 13a64d3..aa1c888 100644 --- a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt +++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt @@ -82,6 +82,18 @@ to point at the new commit. to the top <<def_directory,directory>> of the stored revision. +[[def_commit-ish]]commit-ish (also committish):: + A <<def_commit_object,commit object>> or an + <<def_object,object>> that can be recursively dereferenced to + a commit object. + The following are all commit-ishes: + a commit object, + a <<def_tag_object,tag object>> that points to a commit + object, + a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a + commit object, + etc. + [[def_core_git]]core Git:: Fundamental data structures and utilities of Git. Exposes only limited source code management tools. @@ -350,12 +362,12 @@ full pathname may have special meaning: - A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory - "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "**/foo/bar" + "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "`**/foo/bar`" matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly under directory "`foo`". - - A trailing "/**" matches everything inside. For example, - "abc/**" matches all files inside directory "abc", relative + - A trailing "`/**`" matches everything inside. For example, + "`abc/**`" matches all files inside directory "abc", relative to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth. - A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash @@ -427,10 +439,20 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec. to the result. [[def_ref]]ref:: - A 40-byte hex representation of a <<def_SHA1,SHA-1>> or a name that - denotes a particular <<def_object,object>>. They may be stored in - a file under `$GIT_DIR/refs/` directory, or - in the `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs` file. + A name that begins with `refs/` (e.g. `refs/heads/master`) + that points to an <<def_object_name,object name>> or another + ref (the latter is called a <<def_symref,symbolic ref>>). + For convenience, a ref can sometimes be abbreviated when used + as an argument to a Git command; see linkgit:gitrevisions[7] + for details. + Refs are stored in the <<def_repository,repository>>. ++ +The ref namespace is hierarchical. +Different subhierarchies are used for different purposes (e.g. the +`refs/heads/` hierarchy is used to represent local branches). ++ +There are a few special-purpose refs that do not begin with `refs/`. +The most notable example is `HEAD`. [[def_reflog]]reflog:: A reflog shows the local "history" of a ref. In other words, @@ -530,10 +552,19 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec. with refs to the associated blob and/or tree objects. A <<def_tree,tree>> is equivalent to a <<def_directory,directory>>. -[[def_tree-ish]]tree-ish:: - A <<def_ref,ref>> pointing to either a <<def_commit_object,commit - object>>, a <<def_tree_object,tree object>>, or a <<def_tag_object,tag - object>> pointing to a tag or commit or tree object. +[[def_tree-ish]]tree-ish (also treeish):: + A <<def_tree_object,tree object>> or an <<def_object,object>> + that can be recursively dereferenced to a tree object. + Dereferencing a <<def_commit_object,commit object>> yields the + tree object corresponding to the <<def_revision,revision>>'s + top <<def_directory,directory>>. + The following are all tree-ishes: + a <<def_commit-ish,commit-ish>>, + a tree object, + a <<def_tag_object,tag object>> that points to a tree object, + a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a tree + object, + etc. [[def_unmerged_index]]unmerged index:: An <<def_index,index>> which contains unmerged diff --git a/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt b/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt index 2abc3a0..d7de5a3 100644 --- a/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt +++ b/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ your language, document it in the INSTALL file. 6. There is a file command-list.txt in the distribution main directory that categorizes commands by type, so they can be listed in appropriate subsections in the documentation's summary command list. Add an entry -for yours. To understand the categories, look at git-cmmands.txt +for yours. To understand the categories, look at git-commands.txt in the main directory. 7. Give the maintainer one paragraph to include in the RelNotes file diff --git a/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.txt b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f33dac --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.txt @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ +Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2013 04:34:01 -0400 +From: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> +Subject: pack corruption post-mortem +Abstract: Recovering a corrupted object when no good copy is available. +Content-type: text/asciidoc + +How to recover an object from scratch +===================================== + +I was recently presented with a repository with a corrupted packfile, +and was asked if the data was recoverable. This post-mortem describes +the steps I took to investigate and fix the problem. I thought others +might find the process interesting, and it might help somebody in the +same situation. + +******************************** +Note: In this case, no good copy of the repository was available. For +the much easier case where you can get the corrupted object from +elsewhere, see link:recover-corrupted-blob-object.html[this howto]. +******************************** + +I started with an fsck, which found a problem with exactly one object +(I've used $pack and $obj below to keep the output readable, and also +because I'll refer to them later): + +----------- + $ git fsck + error: $pack SHA1 checksum mismatch + error: index CRC mismatch for object $obj from $pack at offset 51653873 + error: inflate: data stream error (incorrect data check) + error: cannot unpack $obj from $pack at offset 51653873 +----------- + +The pack checksum failing means a byte is munged somewhere, and it is +presumably in the object mentioned (since both the index checksum and +zlib were failing). + +Reading the zlib source code, I found that "incorrect data check" means +that the adler-32 checksum at the end of the zlib data did not match the +inflated data. So stepping the data through zlib would not help, as it +did not fail until the very end, when we realize the crc does not match. +The problematic bytes could be anywhere in the object data. + +The first thing I did was pull the broken data out of the packfile. I +needed to know how big the object was, which I found out with: + +------------ + $ git show-index <$idx | cut -d' ' -f1 | sort -n | grep -A1 51653873 + 51653873 + 51664736 +------------ + +Show-index gives us the list of objects and their offsets. We throw away +everything but the offsets, and then sort them so that our interesting +offset (which we got from the fsck output above) is followed immediately +by the offset of the next object. Now we know that the object data is +10863 bytes long, and we can grab it with: + +------------ + dd if=$pack of=object bs=1 skip=51653873 count=10863 +------------ + +I inspected a hexdump of the data, looking for any obvious bogosity +(e.g., a 4K run of zeroes would be a good sign of filesystem +corruption). But everything looked pretty reasonable. + +Note that the "object" file isn't fit for feeding straight to zlib; it +has the git packed object header, which is variable-length. We want to +strip that off so we can start playing with the zlib data directly. You +can either work your way through it manually (the format is described in +link:../technical/pack-format.html[Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt]), +or you can walk through it in a debugger. I did the latter, creating a +valid pack like: + +------------ + # pack magic and version + printf 'PACK\0\0\0\2' >tmp.pack + # pack has one object + printf '\0\0\0\1' >>tmp.pack + # now add our object data + cat object >>tmp.pack + # and then append the pack trailer + /path/to/git.git/test-sha1 -b <tmp.pack >trailer + cat trailer >>tmp.pack +------------ + +and then running "git index-pack tmp.pack" in the debugger (stop at +unpack_raw_entry). Doing this, I found that there were 3 bytes of header +(and the header itself had a sane type and size). So I stripped those +off with: + +------------ + dd if=object of=zlib bs=1 skip=3 +------------ + +I ran the result through zlib's inflate using a custom C program. And +while it did report the error, I did get the right number of output +bytes (i.e., it matched git's size header that we decoded above). But +feeding the result back to "git hash-object" didn't produce the same +sha1. So there were some wrong bytes, but I didn't know which. The file +happened to be C source code, so I hoped I could notice something +obviously wrong with it, but I didn't. I even got it to compile! + +I also tried comparing it to other versions of the same path in the +repository, hoping that there would be some part of the diff that didn't +make sense. Unfortunately, this happened to be the only revision of this +particular file in the repository, so I had nothing to compare against. + +So I took a different approach. Working under the guess that the +corruption was limited to a single byte, I wrote a program to munge each +byte individually, and try inflating the result. Since the object was +only 10K compressed, that worked out to about 2.5M attempts, which took +a few minutes. + +The program I used is here: + +---------------------------------------------- +#include <stdio.h> +#include <unistd.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <signal.h> +#include <zlib.h> + +static int try_zlib(unsigned char *buf, int len) +{ + /* make this absurdly large so we don't have to loop */ + static unsigned char out[1024*1024]; + z_stream z; + int ret; + + memset(&z, 0, sizeof(z)); + inflateInit(&z); + + z.next_in = buf; + z.avail_in = len; + z.next_out = out; + z.avail_out = sizeof(out); + + ret = inflate(&z, 0); + inflateEnd(&z); + return ret >= 0; +} + +/* eye candy */ +static int counter = 0; +static void progress(int sig) +{ + fprintf(stderr, "\r%d", counter); + alarm(1); +} + +int main(void) +{ + /* oversized so we can read the whole buffer in */ + unsigned char buf[1024*1024]; + int len; + unsigned i, j; + + signal(SIGALRM, progress); + alarm(1); + + len = read(0, buf, sizeof(buf)); + for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { + unsigned char c = buf[i]; + for (j = 0; j <= 0xff; j++) { + buf[i] = j; + + counter++; + if (try_zlib(buf, len)) + printf("i=%d, j=%x\n", i, j); + } + buf[i] = c; + } + + alarm(0); + fprintf(stderr, "\n"); + return 0; +} +---------------------------------------------- + +I compiled and ran with: + +------- + gcc -Wall -Werror -O3 munge.c -o munge -lz + ./munge <zlib +------- + + +There were a few false positives early on (if you write "no data" in the +zlib header, zlib thinks it's just fine :) ). But I got a hit about +halfway through: + +------- + i=5642, j=c7 +------- + +I let it run to completion, and got a few more hits at the end (where it +was munging the crc to match our broken data). So there was a good +chance this middle hit was the source of the problem. + +I confirmed by tweaking the byte in a hex editor, zlib inflating the +result (no errors!), and then piping the output into "git hash-object", +which reported the sha1 of the broken object. Success! + +I fixed the packfile itself with: + +------- + chmod +w $pack + printf '\xc7' | dd of=$pack bs=1 seek=51659518 conv=notrunc + chmod -w $pack +------- + +The `\xc7` comes from the replacement byte our "munge" program found. +The offset 51659518 is derived by taking the original object offset +(51653873), adding the replacement offset found by "munge" (5642), and +then adding back in the 3 bytes of git header we stripped. + +After that, "git fsck" ran clean. + +As for the corruption itself, I was lucky that it was indeed a single +byte. In fact, it turned out to be a single bit. The byte 0xc7 was +corrupted to 0xc5. So presumably it was caused by faulty hardware, or a +cosmic ray. + +And the aborted attempt to look at the inflated output to see what was +wrong? I could have looked forever and never found it. Here's the diff +between what the corrupted data inflates to, versus the real data: + +-------------- + - cp = strtok (arg, "+"); + + cp = strtok (arg, "."); +-------------- + +It tweaked one byte and still ended up as valid, readable C that just +happened to do something totally different! One takeaway is that on a +less unlucky day, looking at the zlib output might have actually been +helpful, as most random changes would actually break the C code. + +But more importantly, git's hashing and checksumming noticed a problem +that easily could have gone undetected in another system. The result +still compiled, but would have caused an interesting bug (that would +have been blamed on some random commit). diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt index 075418e..acf3e47 100644 --- a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt +++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ where A and B are on the side development that was not so good, M is the merge that brings these premature changes into the mainline, x are changes unrelated to what the side branch did and already made on the mainline, and W is the "revert of the merge M" (doesn't W look M upside down?). -IOW, "diff W^..W" is similar to "diff -R M^..M". +IOW, `"diff W^..W"` is similar to `"diff -R M^..M"`. Such a "revert" of a merge can be made with: @@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ If you reverted the revert in such a case as in the previous example: ---A---B A'--B'--C' where Y is the revert of W, A' and B' are rerolled A and B, and there may -also be a further fix-up C' on the side branch. "diff Y^..Y" is similar -to "diff -R W^..W" (which in turn means it is similar to "diff M^..M"), -and "diff A'^..C'" by definition would be similar but different from that, +also be a further fix-up C' on the side branch. `"diff Y^..Y"` is similar +to `"diff -R W^..W"` (which in turn means it is similar to `"diff M^..M"`), +and `"diff A'^..C'"` by definition would be similar but different from that, because it is a rerolled series of the earlier change. There will be a lot of overlapping changes that result in conflicts. So do not do "revert of revert" blindly without thinking.. diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt index 84dd839..85f69db 100644 --- a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ How to revert an existing commit ================================ One of the changes I pulled into the 'master' branch turns out to -break building Git with GCC 2.95. While they were well intentioned +break building Git with GCC 2.95. While they were well-intentioned portability fixes, keeping things working with gcc-2.95 was also important. Here is what I did to revert the change in the 'master' branch and to adjust the 'pu' branch, using core Git tools and @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ $ git pull . master Packing 0 objects Unpacking 0 objects -* committish: e3a693c... refs/heads/master from . +* commit-ish: e3a693c... refs/heads/master from . Trying to merge e3a693c... into 8c1f5f0... using 10d781b... Committed merge 7fb9b7262a1d1e0a47bbfdcbbcf50ce0635d3f8f cache.h | 8 ++++---- diff --git a/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt b/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt index 7f4943e..6de4f3c 100644 --- a/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt +++ b/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt @@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ Content-type: text/asciidoc How to setup Git server over http ================================= +NOTE: This document is from 2006. A lot has happened since then, and this +document is now relevant mainly if your web host is not CGI capable. +Almost everyone else should instead look at linkgit:git-http-backend[1]. + Since Apache is one of those packages people like to compile themselves while others prefer the bureaucrat's dream Debian, it is impossible to give guidelines which will work for everyone. Just send @@ -81,8 +85,8 @@ Initialize a bare repository $ git --bare init -Change the ownership to your web-server's credentials. Use "grep ^User -httpd.conf" and "grep ^Group httpd.conf" to find out: +Change the ownership to your web-server's credentials. Use `"grep ^User +httpd.conf"` and `"grep ^Group httpd.conf"` to find out: $ chown -R www.www . diff --git a/Documentation/line-range-format.txt b/Documentation/line-range-format.txt index 3e7ce72..d7f2603 100644 --- a/Documentation/line-range-format.txt +++ b/Documentation/line-range-format.txt @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +<start> and <end> can take one of these forms: + - number + If <start> or <end> is a number, it specifies an @@ -7,7 +9,10 @@ absolute line number (lines count from 1). - /regex/ + This form will use the first line matching the given -POSIX regex. If <end> is a regex, it will search +POSIX regex. If <start> is a regex, it will search from the end of +the previous `-L` range, if any, otherwise from the start of file. +If <start> is ``^/regex/'', it will search from the start of file. +If <end> is a regex, it will search starting at the line given by <start>. + @@ -15,11 +20,10 @@ starting at the line given by <start>. + This is only valid for <end> and will specify a number of lines before or after the line given by <start>. -+ -- :regex + -If the option's argument is of the form :regex, it denotes the range +If ``:<regex>'' is given in place of <start> and <end>, it denotes the range from the first funcname line that matches <regex>, up to the next -funcname line. -+ +funcname line. ``:<regex>'' searches from the end of the previous `-L` range, +if any, otherwise from the start of file. +``^:<regex>'' searches from the start of file. diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt index 5e49942..eea0e30 100644 --- a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ people using 80-column terminals. This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit" used together. ---encoding[=<encoding>]:: +--encoding=<encoding>:: The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt index e157ec3..03533af 100644 --- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt @@ -18,33 +18,27 @@ ordering and formatting options, such as `--reverse`. -<number>:: -n <number>:: --max-count=<number>:: - Limit the number of commits to output. --skip=<number>:: - Skip 'number' commits before starting to show the commit output. --since=<date>:: --after=<date>:: - Show commits more recent than a specific date. --until=<date>:: --before=<date>:: - Show commits older than a specific date. ifdef::git-rev-list[] --max-age=<timestamp>:: --min-age=<timestamp>:: - Limit the commits output to specified time range. endif::git-rev-list[] --author=<pattern>:: --committer=<pattern>:: - Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer header lines that match the specified pattern (regular expression). With more than one `--author=<pattern>`, @@ -52,7 +46,6 @@ endif::git-rev-list[] chosen (similarly for multiple `--committer=<pattern>`). --grep-reflog=<pattern>:: - Limit the commits output to ones with reflog entries that match the specified pattern (regular expression). With more than one `--grep-reflog`, commits whose reflog message @@ -60,7 +53,6 @@ endif::git-rev-list[] error to use this option unless `--walk-reflogs` is in use. --grep=<pattern>:: - Limit the commits output to ones with log message that matches the specified pattern (regular expression). With more than one `--grep=<pattern>`, commits whose message @@ -71,46 +63,39 @@ When `--show-notes` is in effect, the message from the notes as if it is part of the log message. --all-match:: - Limit the commits output to ones that match all given --grep, + Limit the commits output to ones that match all given `--grep`, instead of ones that match at least one. -i:: --regexp-ignore-case:: - - Match the regexp limiting patterns without regard to letters case. + Match the regular expression limiting patterns without regard to letter + case. --basic-regexp:: - Consider the limiting patterns to be basic regular expressions; this is the default. -E:: --extended-regexp:: - Consider the limiting patterns to be extended regular expressions instead of the default basic regular expressions. -F:: --fixed-strings:: - Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don't interpret pattern as a regular expression). --perl-regexp:: - - Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regexp. + Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regular expressions. Requires libpcre to be compiled in. --remove-empty:: - Stop when a given path disappears from the tree. --merges:: - Print only merge commits. This is exactly the same as `--min-parents=2`. --no-merges:: - Do not print commits with more than one parent. This is exactly the same as `--max-parents=1`. @@ -118,8 +103,7 @@ if it is part of the log message. --max-parents=<number>:: --no-min-parents:: --no-max-parents:: - - Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many + Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many parent commits. In particular, `--max-parents=1` is the same as `--no-merges`, `--min-parents=2` is the same as `--merges`. `--max-parents=0` gives all root commits and `--min-parents=3` all octopus merges. @@ -138,31 +122,26 @@ parents) and `--max-parents=-1` (negative numbers denote no upper limit). brought in to your history by such a merge. --not:: - Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof) - for all following revision specifiers, up to the next '--not'. + for all following revision specifiers, up to the next `--not`. --all:: - Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/` are listed on the command line as '<commit>'. --branches[=<pattern>]:: - Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/heads` are listed on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit branches to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. --tags[=<pattern>]:: - Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/tags` are listed on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit tags to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. --remotes[=<pattern>]:: - Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/remotes` are listed on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit remote-tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob. @@ -174,14 +153,27 @@ parents) and `--max-parents=-1` (negative numbers denote no upper limit). is automatically prepended if missing. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. ---ignore-missing:: +--exclude=<glob-pattern>:: + Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`, + `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise + consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns + up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or + `--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear + accumlated patterns). ++ +The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or +`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`, +respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob` +or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given +explicitly. + +--ignore-missing:: Upon seeing an invalid object name in the input, pretend as if the bad input was not given. ifndef::git-rev-list[] --bisect:: - Pretend as if the bad bisection ref `refs/bisect/bad` was listed and as if it was followed by `--not` and the good bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` on the command @@ -189,7 +181,6 @@ ifndef::git-rev-list[] endif::git-rev-list[] --stdin:: - In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command line, read them from the standard input. If a '--' separator is seen, stop reading commits and start reading paths to limit the @@ -197,36 +188,32 @@ endif::git-rev-list[] ifdef::git-rev-list[] --quiet:: - Don't print anything to standard output. This form is primarily meant to allow the caller to test the exit status to see if a range of objects is fully connected (or not). It is faster than redirecting stdout - to /dev/null as the output does not have to be formatted. + to `/dev/null` as the output does not have to be formatted. endif::git-rev-list[] --cherry-mark:: - Like `--cherry-pick` (see below) but mark equivalent commits with `=` rather than omitting them, and inequivalent ones with `+`. --cherry-pick:: - Omit any commit that introduces the same change as - another commit on the "other side" when the set of + another commit on the ``other side'' when the set of commits are limited with symmetric difference. + For example, if you have two branches, `A` and `B`, a usual way to list all commits on only one side of them is with `--left-right` (see the example below in the description of -the `--left-right` option). It however shows the commits that were cherry-picked -from the other branch (for example, "3rd on b" may be cherry-picked -from branch A). With this option, such pairs of commits are +the `--left-right` option). However, it shows the commits that were +cherry-picked from the other branch (for example, ``3rd on b'' may be +cherry-picked from branch A). With this option, such pairs of commits are excluded from the output. --left-only:: --right-only:: - List only commits on the respective side of a symmetric range, i.e. only those which would be marked `<` resp. `>` by `--left-right`. @@ -238,7 +225,6 @@ More precisely, `--cherry-pick --right-only --no-merges` gives the exact list. --cherry:: - A synonym for `--right-only --cherry-mark --no-merges`; useful to limit the output to the commits on our side and mark those that have been applied to the other side of a forked history with @@ -247,30 +233,27 @@ list. -g:: --walk-reflogs:: - Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones. When this option is used you cannot specify commits to exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2', nor 'commit1\...commit2' notations cannot be used). + -With '\--pretty' format other than oneline (for obvious reasons), +With `--pretty` format other than `oneline` (for obvious reasons), this causes the output to have two extra lines of information taken from the reflog. By default, 'commit@\{Nth}' notation is used in the output. When the starting commit is specified as 'commit@\{now}', output also uses 'commit@\{timestamp}' notation -instead. Under '\--pretty=oneline', the commit message is +instead. Under `--pretty=oneline`, the commit message is prefixed with this information on the same line. -This option cannot be combined with '\--reverse'. +This option cannot be combined with `--reverse`. See also linkgit:git-reflog[1]. --merge:: - After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a conflict and don't exist on all heads to merge. --boundary:: - Output excluded boundary commits. Boundary commits are prefixed with `-`. @@ -287,11 +270,9 @@ is how to do it, as there are various strategies to simplify the history. The following options select the commits to be shown: <paths>:: - Commits modifying the given <paths> are selected. --simplify-by-decoration:: - Commits that are referred by some branch or tag are selected. Note that extra commits can be shown to give a meaningful history. @@ -299,33 +280,27 @@ Note that extra commits can be shown to give a meaningful history. The following options affect the way the simplification is performed: Default mode:: - Simplifies the history to the simplest history explaining the final state of the tree. Simplest because it prunes some side branches if the end result is the same (i.e. merging branches with the same content) --full-history:: - Same as the default mode, but does not prune some history. --dense:: - Only the selected commits are shown, plus some to have a meaningful history. --sparse:: - All commits in the simplified history are shown. --simplify-merges:: - - Additional option to '--full-history' to remove some needless + Additional option to `--full-history` to remove some needless merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected commits contributing to this merge. --ancestry-path:: - When given a range of commits to display (e.g. 'commit1..commit2' or 'commit2 {caret}commit1'), only display commits that exist directly on the ancestry chain between the 'commit1' and @@ -352,36 +327,35 @@ The horizontal line of history A---Q is taken to be the first parent of each merge. The commits are: * `I` is the initial commit, in which `foo` exists with contents - "asdf", and a file `quux` exists with contents "quux". Initial + ``asdf'', and a file `quux` exists with contents ``quux''. Initial commits are compared to an empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME. -* In `A`, `foo` contains just "foo". +* In `A`, `foo` contains just ``foo''. * `B` contains the same change as `A`. Its merge `M` is trivial and hence TREESAME to all parents. -* `C` does not change `foo`, but its merge `N` changes it to "foobar", +* `C` does not change `foo`, but its merge `N` changes it to ``foobar'', so it is not TREESAME to any parent. -* `D` sets `foo` to "baz". Its merge `O` combines the strings from - `N` and `D` to "foobarbaz"; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent. +* `D` sets `foo` to ``baz''. Its merge `O` combines the strings from + `N` and `D` to ``foobarbaz''; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent. -* `E` changes `quux` to "xyzzy", and its merge `P` combines the - strings to "quux xyzzy". `P` is TREESAME to `O`, but not to `E`. +* `E` changes `quux` to ``xyzzy'', and its merge `P` combines the + strings to ``quux xyzzy''. `P` is TREESAME to `O`, but not to `E`. -* `X` is an indpendent root commit that added a new file `side`, and `Y` +* `X` is an independent root commit that added a new file `side`, and `Y` modified it. `Y` is TREESAME to `X`. Its merge `Q` added `side` to `P`, and `Q` is TREESAME to `P`, but not to `Y`. -'rev-list' walks backwards through history, including or excluding -commits based on whether '\--full-history' and/or parent rewriting -(via '\--parents' or '\--children') are used. The following settings +`rev-list` walks backwards through history, including or excluding +commits based on whether `--full-history` and/or parent rewriting +(via `--parents` or `--children`) are used. The following settings are available. Default mode:: - Commits are included if they are not TREESAME to any parent - (though this can be changed, see '\--sparse' below). If the + (though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below). If the commit was a merge, and it was TREESAME to one parent, follow only that parent. (Even if there are several TREESAME parents, follow only one of them.) Otherwise, follow all @@ -400,12 +374,11 @@ available, removed `B` from consideration entirely. `C` was considered via `N`, but is TREESAME. Root commits are compared to an empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME. + -Parent/child relations are only visible with --parents, but that does +Parent/child relations are only visible with `--parents`, but that does not affect the commits selected in default mode, so we have shown the parent lines. --full-history without parent rewriting:: - This mode differs from the default in one point: always follow all parents of a merge, even if it is TREESAME to one of them. Even if more than one side of the merge has commits that are @@ -425,9 +398,8 @@ about the parent/child relationships between the commits, so we show them disconnected. --full-history with parent rewriting:: - Ordinary commits are only included if they are !TREESAME - (though this can be changed, see '\--sparse' below). + (though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below). + Merges are always included. However, their parent list is rewritten: Along each parent, prune away commits that are not included @@ -441,7 +413,7 @@ themselves. This results in `-------------' ----------------------------------------------------------------------- + -Compare to '\--full-history' without rewriting above. Note that `E` +Compare to `--full-history` without rewriting above. Note that `E` was pruned away because it is TREESAME, but the parent list of P was rewritten to contain `E`'s parent `I`. The same happened for `C` and `N`, and `X`, `Y` and `Q`. @@ -450,22 +422,19 @@ In addition to the above settings, you can change whether TREESAME affects inclusion: --dense:: - Commits that are walked are included if they are not TREESAME to any parent. --sparse:: - All commits that are walked are included. + -Note that without '\--full-history', this still simplifies merges: if +Note that without `--full-history`, this still simplifies merges: if one of the parents is TREESAME, we follow only that one, so the other sides of the merge are never walked. --simplify-merges:: - First, build a history graph in the same way that - '\--full-history' with parent rewriting does (see above). + `--full-history` with parent rewriting does (see above). + Then simplify each commit `C` to its replacement `C'` in the final history according to the following rules: @@ -484,7 +453,7 @@ history according to the following rules: -- + The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to -'\--full-history' with parent rewriting. The example turns into: +`--full-history` with parent rewriting. The example turns into: + ----------------------------------------------------------------------- .-A---M---N---O @@ -494,7 +463,7 @@ The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to `---------' ----------------------------------------------------------------------- + -Note the major differences in `N`, `P` and `Q` over '--full-history': +Note the major differences in `N`, `P`, and `Q` over `--full-history`: + -- * `N`'s parent list had `I` removed, because it is an ancestor of the @@ -511,11 +480,10 @@ Note the major differences in `N`, `P` and `Q` over '--full-history': Finally, there is a fifth simplification mode available: --ancestry-path:: - Limit the displayed commits to those directly on the ancestry - chain between the "from" and "to" commits in the given commit - range. I.e. only display commits that are ancestor of the "to" - commit, and descendants of the "from" commit. + chain between the ``from'' and ``to'' commits in the given commit + range. I.e. only display commits that are ancestor of the ``to'' + commit and descendants of the ``from'' commit. + As an example use case, consider the following commit history: + @@ -530,14 +498,14 @@ As an example use case, consider the following commit history: A regular 'D..M' computes the set of commits that are ancestors of `M`, but excludes the ones that are ancestors of `D`. This is useful to see what happened to the history leading to `M` since `D`, in the sense -that "what does `M` have that did not exist in `D`". The result in this +that ``what does `M` have that did not exist in `D`''. The result in this example would be all the commits, except `A` and `B` (and `D` itself, of course). + When we want to find out what commits in `M` are contaminated with the bug introduced by `D` and need fixing, however, we might want to view only the subset of 'D..M' that are actually descendants of `D`, i.e. -excluding `C` and `K`. This is exactly what the '--ancestry-path' +excluding `C` and `K`. This is exactly what the `--ancestry-path` option does. Applied to the 'D..M' range, it results in: + ----------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -548,7 +516,7 @@ option does. Applied to the 'D..M' range, it results in: L--M ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -The '\--simplify-by-decoration' option allows you to view only the +The `--simplify-by-decoration` option allows you to view only the big picture of the topology of the history, by omitting commits that are not referenced by tags. Commits are marked as !TREESAME (in other words, kept after history simplification rules described @@ -561,50 +529,47 @@ Bisection Helpers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --bisect:: - -Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between -included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref -`refs/bisect/bad` is added to the included commits (if it -exists) and the good bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` are -added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there -are no refs in `refs/bisect/`, if - + Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between + included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref + `refs/bisect/bad` is added to the included commits (if it + exists) and the good bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` are + added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there + are no refs in `refs/bisect/`, if ++ ----------------------------------------------------------------------- $ git rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - ++ outputs 'midpoint', the output of the two commands - ++ ----------------------------------------------------------------------- $ git rev-list foo ^midpoint $ git rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - ++ would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly generate and test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length one. --bisect-vars:: - -This calculates the same as `--bisect`, except that refs in -`refs/bisect/` are not used, and except that this outputs -text ready to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the -name of the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the -expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is tested -to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be tested if -`bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`, the expected -number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be bad to -`bisect_bad`, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to -`bisect_all`. + This calculates the same as `--bisect`, except that refs in + `refs/bisect/` are not used, and except that this outputs + text ready to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the + name of the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the + expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is tested + to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be tested if + `bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`, the expected + number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be bad to + `bisect_bad`, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to + `bisect_all`. --bisect-all:: - -This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded -commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded -commits. Refs in `refs/bisect/` are not used. The farthest -from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by -`--bisect`.) + This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded + commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded + commits. Refs in `refs/bisect/` are not used. The farthest + from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by + `--bisect`.) + This is useful because it makes it easy to choose a good commit to test when you want to avoid to test some of them for some reason (they @@ -654,9 +619,8 @@ avoid showing the commits from two parallel development track mixed together. --reverse:: - Output the commits in reverse order. - Cannot be combined with '\--walk-reflogs'. + Cannot be combined with `--walk-reflogs`. Object Traversal ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -664,37 +628,32 @@ Object Traversal These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories. --objects:: - Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed - commits. '--objects foo ^bar' thus means "send me + commits. `--objects foo ^bar` thus means ``send me all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit - object 'bar', but not 'foo'". + object _bar_ but not _foo_''. --objects-edge:: - - Similar to '--objects', but also print the IDs of excluded - commits prefixed with a "-" character. This is used by - linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] to build "thin" pack, which records + Similar to `--objects`, but also print the IDs of excluded + commits prefixed with a ``-'' character. This is used by + linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] to build ``thin'' pack, which records objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these excluded commits to reduce network traffic. --unpacked:: - - Only useful with '--objects'; print the object IDs that are not + Only useful with `--objects`; print the object IDs that are not in packs. --no-walk[=(sorted|unsorted)]:: - Only show the given commits, but do not traverse their ancestors. This has no effect if a range is specified. If the argument - "unsorted" is given, the commits are show in the order they were - given on the command line. Otherwise (if "sorted" or no argument - was given), the commits are show in reverse chronological order + `unsorted` is given, the commits are shown in the order they were + given on the command line. Otherwise (if `sorted` or no argument + was given), the commits are shown in reverse chronological order by commit time. --do-walk:: - - Overrides a previous --no-walk. + Overrides a previous `--no-walk`. Commit Formatting ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -708,46 +667,41 @@ endif::git-rev-list[] include::pretty-options.txt[] --relative-date:: - Synonym for `--date=relative`. --date=(relative|local|default|iso|rfc|short|raw):: - Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such - as when using "--pretty". `log.date` config variable sets a default - value for log command's --date option. + as when using `--pretty`. `log.date` config variable sets a default + value for the log command's `--date` option. + `--date=relative` shows dates relative to the current time, -e.g. "2 hours ago". +e.g. ``2 hours ago''. + -`--date=local` shows timestamps in user's local timezone. +`--date=local` shows timestamps in user's local time zone. + `--date=iso` (or `--date=iso8601`) shows timestamps in ISO 8601 format. + `--date=rfc` (or `--date=rfc2822`) shows timestamps in RFC 2822 -format, often found in E-mail messages. +format, often found in email messages. + -`--date=short` shows only date but not time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format. +`--date=short` shows only the date, but not the time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format. + `--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw Git format `%s %z` format. + -`--date=default` shows timestamps in the original timezone +`--date=default` shows timestamps in the original time zone (either committer's or author's). ifdef::git-rev-list[] --header:: - Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is separated with a NUL character. endif::git-rev-list[] --parents:: - Print also the parents of the commit (in the form "commit parent..."). Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below. --children:: - Print also the children of the commit (in the form "commit child..."). Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below. @@ -757,7 +711,6 @@ ifdef::git-rev-list[] endif::git-rev-list[] --left-right:: - Mark which side of a symmetric diff a commit is reachable from. Commits from the left side are prefixed with `<` and those from the right with `>`. If combined with `--boundary`, those @@ -787,7 +740,6 @@ you would get an output like this: ----------------------------------------------------------------------- --graph:: - Draw a text-based graphical representation of the commit history on the left hand side of the output. This may cause extra lines to be printed in between commits, in order for the graph history @@ -795,31 +747,29 @@ you would get an output like this: + This enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below. + -This implies the '--topo-order' option by default, but the -'--date-order' option may also be specified. +This implies the `--topo-order` option by default, but the +`--date-order` option may also be specified. ifdef::git-rev-list[] --count:: Print a number stating how many commits would have been listed, and suppress all other output. When used together - with '--left-right', instead print the counts for left and + with `--left-right`, instead print the counts for left and right commits, separated by a tab. When used together with - '--cherry-mark', omit patch equivalent commits from these + `--cherry-mark`, omit patch equivalent commits from these counts and print the count for equivalent commits separated by a tab. endif::git-rev-list[] - ifndef::git-rev-list[] Diff Formatting ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -Below are listed options that control the formatting of diff output. +Listed below are options that control the formatting of diff output. Some of them are specific to linkgit:git-rev-list[1], however other diff options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options. -c:: - With this option, diff output for a merge commit shows the differences from each of the parents to the merge result simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent @@ -827,29 +777,22 @@ options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options. which were modified from all parents. --cc:: - - This flag implies the '-c' option and further compresses the + This flag implies the `-c` option and further compresses the patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks one of them without modification. -m:: - This flag makes the merge commits show the full diff like regular commits; for each merge parent, a separate log entry and diff is generated. An exception is that only diff against - the first parent is shown when '--first-parent' option is given; + the first parent is shown when `--first-parent` option is given; in that case, the output represents the changes the merge brought _into_ the then-current branch. -r:: - Show recursive diffs. -t:: - - Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies '-r'. - --s:: - Suppress diff output. + Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies `-r`. endif::git-rev-list[] diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt index 09896a3..2c06ed3 100644 --- a/Documentation/revisions.txt +++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt @@ -114,16 +114,23 @@ some output processing may assume ref names in UTF-8. '<rev>{caret}\{<type>\}', e.g. 'v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}':: A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in - brace pair means the object - could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an - object of that type is found or the object cannot be - dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf). '<rev>{caret}0' + brace pair means dereference the object at '<rev>' recursively until + an object of type '<type>' is found or the object cannot be + dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf). + For example, if '<rev>' is a commit-ish, '<rev>{caret}\{commit\}' + describes the corresponding commit object. + Similarly, if '<rev>' is a tree-ish, '<rev>{caret}\{tree\}' + describes the corresponding tree object. + '<rev>{caret}0' is a short-hand for '<rev>{caret}\{commit\}'. + 'rev{caret}\{object\}' can be used to make sure 'rev' names an object that exists, without requiring 'rev' to be a tag, and without dereferencing 'rev'; because a tag is already an object, it does not have to be dereferenced even once to get to an object. ++ +'rev{caret}\{tag\}' can be used to ensure that 'rev' identifies an +existing tag object. '<rev>{caret}\{\}', e.g. 'v0.99.8{caret}\{\}':: A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt index 2d2ebc0..8b001de 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt @@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ Calling sequence * Call `diff_setup_done()`; this inspects the options set up so far for internal consistency and make necessary tweaking to it (e.g. if - textual patch output was asked, recursive behaviour is turned on). + textual patch output was asked, recursive behaviour is turned on); + the callback set_default in diff_options can be used to tweak this more. * As you find different pairs of files, call `diff_change()` to feed modified files, `diff_addremove()` to feed created or deleted files, @@ -115,6 +116,13 @@ Notable members are: operation, but some do not have anything to do with the diffcore library. +`touched_flags`:: + Records whether a flag has been changed due to user request + (rather than just set/unset by default). + +`set_default`:: + Callback which allows tweaking the options in diff_setup_done(). + BINARY, TEXT;; Affects the way how a file that is seemingly binary is treated. diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt index 0be2b51..be50cf4 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt @@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ that allow to change the behavior of a command. The parse-options API allows: -* 'sticked' and 'separate form' of options with arguments. - `-oArg` is sticked, `-o Arg` is separate form. - `--option=Arg` is sticked, `--option Arg` is separate form. +* 'stuck' and 'separate form' of options with arguments. + `-oArg` is stuck, `-o Arg` is separate form. + `--option=Arg` is stuck, `--option Arg` is separate form. * Long options may be 'abbreviated', as long as the abbreviation is unambiguous. diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt index aa1c50f..02adfd4 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt @@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ submodules object database. You can do this by a code-snippet like this: const char *path = "path/to/submodule" - if (!add_submodule_odb(path)) + if (add_submodule_odb(path)) die("Error submodule '%s' not populated.", path); -`add_submodule_odb()` will return an non-zero value on success. If you +`add_submodule_odb()` will return zero on success. If you do not do this you will get an error for each ref that it does not point to a valid object. diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt index b7d0d9a..55b878a 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ function. `reset_revision_walk`:: Reset the flags used by the revision walking api. You can use - this to do multiple sequencial revision walks. + this to do multiple sequential revision walks. Data structures --------------- diff --git a/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d21d77d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt @@ -0,0 +1,503 @@ +HTTP transfer protocols +======================= + +Git supports two HTTP based transfer protocols. A "dumb" protocol +which requires only a standard HTTP server on the server end of the +connection, and a "smart" protocol which requires a Git aware CGI +(or server module). This document describes both protocols. + +As a design feature smart clients can automatically upgrade "dumb" +protocol URLs to smart URLs. This permits all users to have the +same published URL, and the peers automatically select the most +efficient transport available to them. + + +URL Format +---------- + +URLs for Git repositories accessed by HTTP use the standard HTTP +URL syntax documented by RFC 1738, so they are of the form: + + http://<host>:<port>/<path>?<searchpart> + +Within this documentation the placeholder $GIT_URL will stand for +the http:// repository URL entered by the end-user. + +Servers SHOULD handle all requests to locations matching $GIT_URL, as +both the "smart" and "dumb" HTTP protocols used by Git operate +by appending additional path components onto the end of the user +supplied $GIT_URL string. + +An example of a dumb client requesting for a loose object: + + $GIT_URL: http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git + URL request: http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git/objects/d0/49f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 + +An example of a smart request to a catch-all gateway: + + $GIT_URL: http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&q= + URL request: http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&q=/info/refs&service=git-receive-pack + +An example of a request to a submodule: + + $GIT_URL: http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git + URL request: http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git/info/refs + +Clients MUST strip a trailing '/', if present, from the user supplied +$GIT_URL string to prevent empty path tokens ('//') from appearing +in any URL sent to a server. Compatible clients MUST expand +'$GIT_URL/info/refs' as 'foo/info/refs' and not 'foo//info/refs'. + + +Authentication +-------------- + +Standard HTTP authentication is used if authentication is required +to access a repository, and MAY be configured and enforced by the +HTTP server software. + +Because Git repositories are accessed by standard path components +server administrators MAY use directory based permissions within +their HTTP server to control repository access. + +Clients SHOULD support Basic authentication as described by RFC 2616. +Servers SHOULD support Basic authentication by relying upon the +HTTP server placed in front of the Git server software. + +Servers SHOULD NOT require HTTP cookies for the purposes of +authentication or access control. + +Clients and servers MAY support other common forms of HTTP based +authentication, such as Digest authentication. + + +SSL +--- + +Clients and servers SHOULD support SSL, particularly to protect +passwords when relying on Basic HTTP authentication. + + +Session State +------------- + +The Git over HTTP protocol (much like HTTP itself) is stateless +from the perspective of the HTTP server side. All state MUST be +retained and managed by the client process. This permits simple +round-robin load-balancing on the server side, without needing to +worry about state management. + +Clients MUST NOT require state management on the server side in +order to function correctly. + +Servers MUST NOT require HTTP cookies in order to function correctly. +Clients MAY store and forward HTTP cookies during request processing +as described by RFC 2616 (HTTP/1.1). Servers SHOULD ignore any +cookies sent by a client. + + +General Request Processing +-------------------------- + +Except where noted, all standard HTTP behavior SHOULD be assumed +by both client and server. This includes (but is not necessarily +limited to): + +If there is no repository at $GIT_URL, or the resource pointed to by a +location matching $GIT_URL does not exist, the server MUST NOT respond +with '200 OK' response. A server SHOULD respond with +'404 Not Found', '410 Gone', or any other suitable HTTP status code +which does not imply the resource exists as requested. + +If there is a repository at $GIT_URL, but access is not currently +permitted, the server MUST respond with the '403 Forbidden' HTTP +status code. + +Servers SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1. +Servers SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response +bodies. + +Clients SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1. +Clients SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response +bodies. + +Servers MAY return ETag and/or Last-Modified headers. + +Clients MAY revalidate cached entities by including If-Modified-Since +and/or If-None-Match request headers. + +Servers MAY return '304 Not Modified' if the relevant headers appear +in the request and the entity has not changed. Clients MUST treat +'304 Not Modified' identical to '200 OK' by reusing the cached entity. + +Clients MAY reuse a cached entity without revalidation if the +Cache-Control and/or Expires header permits caching. Clients and +servers MUST follow RFC 2616 for cache controls. + + +Discovering References +---------------------- + +All HTTP clients MUST begin either a fetch or a push exchange by +discovering the references available on the remote repository. + +Dumb Clients +~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +HTTP clients that only support the "dumb" protocol MUST discover +references by making a request for the special info/refs file of +the repository. + +Dumb HTTP clients MUST make a GET request to $GIT_URL/info/refs, +without any search/query parameters. + + C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs HTTP/1.0 + + S: 200 OK + S: + S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint + S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master + S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0 + S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{} + +The Content-Type of the returned info/refs entity SHOULD be +"text/plain; charset=utf-8", but MAY be any content type. +Clients MUST NOT attempt to validate the returned Content-Type. +Dumb servers MUST NOT return a return type starting with +"application/x-git-". + +Cache-Control headers MAY be returned to disable caching of the +returned entity. + +When examining the response clients SHOULD only examine the HTTP +status code. Valid responses are '200 OK', or '304 Not Modified'. + +The returned content is a UNIX formatted text file describing +each ref and its known value. The file SHOULD be sorted by name +according to the C locale ordering. The file SHOULD NOT include +the default ref named 'HEAD'. + + info_refs = *( ref_record ) + ref_record = any_ref / peeled_ref + + any_ref = obj-id HTAB refname LF + peeled_ref = obj-id HTAB refname LF + obj-id HTAB refname "^{}" LF + +Smart Clients +~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +HTTP clients that support the "smart" protocol (or both the +"smart" and "dumb" protocols) MUST discover references by making +a parameterized request for the info/refs file of the repository. + +The request MUST contain exactly one query parameter, +'service=$servicename', where $servicename MUST be the service +name the client wishes to contact to complete the operation. +The request MUST NOT contain additional query parameters. + + C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0 + + dumb server reply: + S: 200 OK + S: + S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint + S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master + S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0 + S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{} + + smart server reply: + S: 200 OK + S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement + S: Cache-Control: no-cache + S: + S: 001e# service=git-upload-pack\n + S: 004895dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint\0multi_ack\n + S: 0042d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master\n + S: 003c2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0\n + S: 003fa3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}\n + +Dumb Server Response +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +Dumb servers MUST respond with the dumb server reply format. + +See the prior section under dumb clients for a more detailed +description of the dumb server response. + +Smart Server Response +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +If the server does not recognize the requested service name, or the +requested service name has been disabled by the server administrator, +the server MUST respond with the '403 Forbidden' HTTP status code. + +Otherwise, smart servers MUST respond with the smart server reply +format for the requested service name. + +Cache-Control headers SHOULD be used to disable caching of the +returned entity. + +The Content-Type MUST be 'application/x-$servicename-advertisement'. +Clients SHOULD fall back to the dumb protocol if another content +type is returned. When falling back to the dumb protocol clients +SHOULD NOT make an additional request to $GIT_URL/info/refs, but +instead SHOULD use the response already in hand. Clients MUST NOT +continue if they do not support the dumb protocol. + +Clients MUST validate the status code is either '200 OK' or +'304 Not Modified'. + +Clients MUST validate the first five bytes of the response entity +matches the regex "^[0-9a-f]{4}#". If this test fails, clients +MUST NOT continue. + +Clients MUST parse the entire response as a sequence of pkt-line +records. + +Clients MUST verify the first pkt-line is "# service=$servicename". +Servers MUST set $servicename to be the request parameter value. +Servers SHOULD include an LF at the end of this line. +Clients MUST ignore an LF at the end of the line. + +Servers MUST terminate the response with the magic "0000" end +pkt-line marker. + +The returned response is a pkt-line stream describing each ref and +its known value. The stream SHOULD be sorted by name according to +the C locale ordering. The stream SHOULD include the default ref +named 'HEAD' as the first ref. The stream MUST include capability +declarations behind a NUL on the first ref. + + smart_reply = PKT-LINE("# service=$servicename" LF) + ref_list + "0000" + ref_list = empty_list / non_empty_list + + empty_list = PKT-LINE(zero-id SP "capabilities^{}" NUL cap-list LF) + + non_empty_list = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name NUL cap_list LF) + *ref_record + + cap-list = capability *(SP capability) + capability = 1*(LC_ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_") + LC_ALPHA = %x61-7A + + ref_record = any_ref / peeled_ref + any_ref = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF) + peeled_ref = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF) + PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name "^{}" LF + +Smart Service git-upload-pack +------------------------------ +This service reads from the repository pointed to by $GIT_URL. + +Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with +'$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack'. + + C: POST $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0 + C: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request + C: + C: 0032want 0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7\n + C: 0032have 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993\n + C: 0000 + + S: 200 OK + S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result + S: Cache-Control: no-cache + S: + S: ....ACK %s, continue + S: ....NAK + +Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached response. +Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers +to prevent caching of the response. + +Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here. + +Clients MUST send at least one 'want' command in the request body. +Clients MUST NOT reference an id in a 'want' command which did not +appear in the response obtained through ref discovery unless the +server advertises capability "allow-tip-sha1-in-want". + + compute_request = want_list + have_list + request_end + request_end = "0000" / "done" + + want_list = PKT-LINE(want NUL cap_list LF) + *(want_pkt) + want_pkt = PKT-LINE(want LF) + want = "want" SP id + cap_list = *(SP capability) SP + + have_list = *PKT-LINE("have" SP id LF) + +TODO: Document this further. +TODO: Don't use uppercase for variable names below. + +The Negotiation Algorithm +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +The computation to select the minimal pack proceeds as follows +(c = client, s = server): + + init step: + (c) Use ref discovery to obtain the advertised refs. + (c) Place any object seen into set ADVERTISED. + + (c) Build an empty set, COMMON, to hold the objects that are later + determined to be on both ends. + (c) Build a set, WANT, of the objects from ADVERTISED the client + wants to fetch, based on what it saw during ref discovery. + + (c) Start a queue, C_PENDING, ordered by commit time (popping newest + first). Add all client refs. When a commit is popped from + the queue its parents SHOULD be automatically inserted back. + Commits MUST only enter the queue once. + + one compute step: + (c) Send one $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack request: + + C: 0032want <WANT #1>............................... + C: 0032want <WANT #2>............................... + .... + C: 0032have <COMMON #1>............................. + C: 0032have <COMMON #2>............................. + .... + C: 0032have <HAVE #1>............................... + C: 0032have <HAVE #2>............................... + .... + C: 0000 + + The stream is organized into "commands", with each command + appearing by itself in a pkt-line. Within a command line + the text leading up to the first space is the command name, + and the remainder of the line to the first LF is the value. + Command lines are terminated with an LF as the last byte of + the pkt-line value. + + Commands MUST appear in the following order, if they appear + at all in the request stream: + + * want + * have + + The stream is terminated by a pkt-line flush ("0000"). + + A single "want" or "have" command MUST have one hex formatted + SHA-1 as its value. Multiple SHA-1s MUST be sent by sending + multiple commands. + + The HAVE list is created by popping the first 32 commits + from C_PENDING. Less can be supplied if C_PENDING empties. + + If the client has sent 256 HAVE commits and has not yet + received one of those back from S_COMMON, or the client has + emptied C_PENDING it SHOULD include a "done" command to let + the server know it won't proceed: + + C: 0009done + + (s) Parse the git-upload-pack request: + + Verify all objects in WANT are directly reachable from refs. + + The server MAY walk backwards through history or through + the reflog to permit slightly stale requests. + + If no WANT objects are received, send an error: + +TODO: Define error if no want lines are requested. + + If any WANT object is not reachable, send an error: + +TODO: Define error if an invalid want is requested. + + Create an empty list, S_COMMON. + + If 'have' was sent: + + Loop through the objects in the order supplied by the client. + For each object, if the server has the object reachable from + a ref, add it to S_COMMON. If a commit is added to S_COMMON, + do not add any ancestors, even if they also appear in HAVE. + + (s) Send the git-upload-pack response: + + If the server has found a closed set of objects to pack or the + request ends with "done", it replies with the pack. + +TODO: Document the pack based response + S: PACK... + + The returned stream is the side-band-64k protocol supported + by the git-upload-pack service, and the pack is embedded into + stream 1. Progress messages from the server side MAY appear + in stream 2. + + Here a "closed set of objects" is defined to have at least + one path from every WANT to at least one COMMON object. + + If the server needs more information, it replies with a + status continue response: + +TODO: Document the non-pack response + + (c) Parse the upload-pack response: + +TODO: Document parsing response + + Do another compute step. + + +Smart Service git-receive-pack +------------------------------ +This service reads from the repository pointed to by $GIT_URL. + +Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with +'$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack'. + + C: POST $GIT_URL/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.0 + C: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-request + C: + C: ....0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993 refs/heads/maint\0 report-status + C: 0000 + C: PACK.... + + S: 200 OK + S: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-result + S: Cache-Control: no-cache + S: + S: .... + +Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached response. +Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers +to prevent caching of the response. + +Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here. + +Clients MUST send at least one command in the request body. +Within the command portion of the request body clients SHOULD send +the id obtained through ref discovery as old_id. + + update_request = command_list + "PACK" <binary data> + + command_list = PKT-LINE(command NUL cap_list LF) + *(command_pkt) + command_pkt = PKT-LINE(command LF) + cap_list = *(SP capability) SP + + command = create / delete / update + create = zero-id SP new_id SP name + delete = old_id SP zero-id SP name + update = old_id SP new_id SP name + +TODO: Document this further. + + +References +---------- + +link:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt[RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)] +link:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt[RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1] +link:technical/pack-protocol.html +link:technical/protocol-capabilities.html diff --git a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt index 0810251..f352a9b 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ Git index format A conflict is represented in the index as a set of higher stage entries. When a conflict is resolved (e.g. with "git add path"), these higher - stage entries will be removed and a stage-0 entry with proper resoluton + stage entries will be removed and a stage-0 entry with proper resolution is added. When these higher stage entries are removed, they are saved in the diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt index 8b7ae1c..b7bd951 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt @@ -366,12 +366,6 @@ been detailed! <linus> Yes, we always write out most recent first -For the other record: - - <pasky> njs`: http://pastebin.com/547965 - -The 'net never forgets, so that should be good until the end of time. - <njs`> And, yeah, I got the part about deeper-in-history stuff having worse IO characteristics, one sort of doesn't care. diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt index b15517f..fd8ffa5 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt @@ -18,11 +18,12 @@ was sent. Server MUST NOT ignore capabilities that client requested and server advertised. As a consequence of these rules, server MUST NOT advertise capabilities it does not understand. -The 'report-status' and 'delete-refs' capabilities are sent and +The 'report-status', 'delete-refs', and 'quiet' capabilities are sent and recognized by the receive-pack (push to server) process. -The 'ofs-delta' capability is sent and recognized by both upload-pack -and receive-pack protocols. +The 'ofs-delta' and 'side-band-64k' capabilities are sent and recognized +by both upload-pack and receive-pack protocols. The 'agent' capability +may optionally be sent in both protocols. All other capabilities are only recognized by the upload-pack (fetch from server) process. @@ -123,6 +124,20 @@ Server can send, and client understand PACKv2 with delta referring to its base by position in pack rather than by an obj-id. That is, they can send/read OBJ_OFS_DELTA (aka type 6) in a packfile. +agent +----- + +The server may optionally send a capability of the form `agent=X` to +notify the client that the server is running version `X`. The client may +optionally return its own agent string by responding with an `agent=Y` +capability (but it MUST NOT do so if the server did not mention the +agent capability). The `X` and `Y` strings may contain any printable +ASCII characters except space (i.e., the byte range 32 < x < 127), and +are typically of the form "package/version" (e.g., "git/1.8.3.1"). The +agent strings are purely informative for statistics and debugging +purposes, and MUST NOT be used to programatically assume the presence +or absence of particular features. + shallow ------- @@ -168,7 +183,7 @@ of whether or not there are tags available. report-status ------------- -The upload-pack process can receive a 'report-status' capability, +The receive-pack process can receive a 'report-status' capability, which tells it that the client wants a report of what happened after a packfile upload and reference update. If the pushing client requests this capability, after unpacking and updating references the server @@ -185,3 +200,20 @@ it is capable of accepting a zero-id value as the target value of a reference update. It is not sent back by the client, it simply informs the client that it can be sent zero-id values to delete references. + +quiet +----- + +If the receive-pack server advertises the 'quiet' capability, it is +capable of silencing human-readable progress output which otherwise may +be shown when processing the received pack. A send-pack client should +respond with the 'quiet' capability to suppress server-side progress +reporting if the local progress reporting is also being suppressed +(e.g., via `push -q`, or if stderr does not go to a tty). + +allow-tip-sha1-in-want +---------------------- + +If the upload-pack server advertises this capability, fetch-pack may +send "want" lines with SHA-1s that exist at the server but are not +advertised by upload-pack. diff --git a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt index f716d6d..242a044 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ because in-core timestamps can have finer granularity than on-disk timestamps, resulting in meaningless changes when an inode is evicted from the inode cache. See commit 8ce13b0 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tglx/history.git -([PATCH] Sync in core time granuality with filesystems, +([PATCH] Sync in core time granularity with filesystems, 2005-01-04). Racy Git diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt index e364007..cbb01a1 100644 --- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt +++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt @@ -1,6 +1,5 @@ -Git User's Manual (for version 1.5.3 or newer) -______________________________________________ - +Git User Manual +_______________ Git is a fast distributed revision control system. @@ -220,7 +219,7 @@ of development leading to that point. The best way to see how this works is using the linkgit:gitk[1] command; running gitk now on a Git repository and looking for merge -commits will help understand how the Git organizes history. +commits will help understand how Git organizes history. In the following, we say that commit X is "reachable" from commit Y if commit X is an ancestor of commit Y. Equivalently, you could say @@ -269,27 +268,23 @@ Creating, deleting, and modifying branches is quick and easy; here's a summary of the commands: `git branch`:: - list all branches + list all branches. `git branch <branch>`:: create a new branch named `<branch>`, referencing the same - point in history as the current branch + point in history as the current branch. `git branch <branch> <start-point>`:: create a new branch named `<branch>`, referencing `<start-point>`, which may be specified any way you like, - including using a branch name or a tag name + including using a branch name or a tag name. `git branch -d <branch>`:: - delete the branch `<branch>`; if the branch you are deleting - points to a commit which is not reachable from the current - branch, this command will fail with a warning. + delete the branch `<branch>`; if the branch is not fully + merged in its upstream branch or contained in the current branch, + this command will fail with a warning. `git branch -D <branch>`:: - even if the branch points to a commit not reachable - from the current branch, you may know that that commit - is still reachable from some other branch or tag. In that - case it is safe to use this command to force Git to delete - the branch. + delete the branch `<branch>` irrespective of its merged status. `git checkout <branch>`:: make the current branch `<branch>`, updating the working - directory to reflect the version referenced by `<branch>` + directory to reflect the version referenced by `<branch>`. `git checkout -b <new> <start-point>`:: create a new branch `<new>` referencing `<start-point>`, and check it out. @@ -313,10 +308,17 @@ referenced by a tag: ------------------------------------------------ $ git checkout v2.6.17 -Note: moving to "v2.6.17" which isn't a local branch -If you want to create a new branch from this checkout, you may do so -(now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example: - git checkout -b <new_branch_name> +Note: checking out 'v2.6.17'. + +You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental +changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this +state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout. + +If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may +do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example: + + git checkout -b new_branch_name + HEAD is now at 427abfa... Linux v2.6.17 ------------------------------------------------ @@ -327,7 +329,7 @@ and git branch shows that you are no longer on a branch: $ cat .git/HEAD 427abfa28afedffadfca9dd8b067eb6d36bac53f $ git branch -* (no branch) +* (detached from v2.6.17) master ------------------------------------------------ @@ -787,7 +789,7 @@ e05db0fd4f31dde7005f075a84f96b360d05984b ------------------------------------------------- Or you could recall that the `...` operator selects all commits -contained reachable from either one reference or the other but not +reachable from either one reference or the other but not both; so ------------------------------------------------- @@ -814,7 +816,7 @@ You could just visually inspect the commits since e05db0fd: $ gitk e05db0fd.. ------------------------------------------------- -Or you can use linkgit:git-name-rev[1], which will give the commit a +or you can use linkgit:git-name-rev[1], which will give the commit a name based on any tag it finds pointing to one of the commit's descendants: @@ -858,8 +860,8 @@ because it outputs only commits that are not reachable from v1.5.0-rc1. As yet another alternative, the linkgit:git-show-branch[1] command lists the commits reachable from its arguments with a display on the left-hand -side that indicates which arguments that commit is reachable from. So, -you can run something like +side that indicates which arguments that commit is reachable from. +So, if you run something like ------------------------------------------------- $ git show-branch e05db0fd v1.5.0-rc0 v1.5.0-rc1 v1.5.0-rc2 @@ -871,15 +873,15 @@ available ... ------------------------------------------------- -then search for a line that looks like +then a line like ------------------------------------------------- + ++ [e05db0fd] Fix warnings in sha1_file.c - use C99 printf format if available ------------------------------------------------- -Which shows that e05db0fd is reachable from itself, from v1.5.0-rc1, and -from v1.5.0-rc2, but not from v1.5.0-rc0. +shows that e05db0fd is reachable from itself, from v1.5.0-rc1, +and from v1.5.0-rc2, and not from v1.5.0-rc0. [[showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch]] Showing commits unique to a given branch @@ -1074,19 +1076,13 @@ produce no output at that point. Modifying the index is easy: -To update the index with the new contents of a modified file, use - -------------------------------------------------- -$ git add path/to/file -------------------------------------------------- - -To add the contents of a new file to the index, use +To update the index with the contents of a new or modified file, use ------------------------------------------------- $ git add path/to/file ------------------------------------------------- -To remove a file from the index and from the working tree, +To remove a file from the index and from the working tree, use ------------------------------------------------- $ git rm path/to/file @@ -1787,7 +1783,7 @@ $ git pull . branch $ git merge branch ------------------------------------------------- -are roughly equivalent. The former is actually very commonly used. +are roughly equivalent. [[submitting-patches]] Submitting patches to a project @@ -1977,7 +1973,7 @@ $ git clone http://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git ------------------------------------------------- (See also -link:howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt[setup-git-server-over-http] +link:howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html[setup-git-server-over-http] for a slightly more sophisticated setup using WebDAV which also allows pushing over HTTP.) @@ -2249,11 +2245,11 @@ commit to this branch. $ ... patch ... test ... commit [ ... patch ... test ... commit ]* ------------------------------------------------- -When you are happy with the state of this change, you can pull it into the +When you are happy with the state of this change, you can merge it into the "test" branch in preparation to make it public: ------------------------------------------------- -$ git checkout test && git pull . speed-up-spinlocks +$ git checkout test && git merge speed-up-spinlocks ------------------------------------------------- It is unlikely that you would have any conflicts here ... but you might if you @@ -2265,7 +2261,7 @@ see the value of keeping each patch (or patch series) in its own branch. It means that the patches can be moved into the `release` tree in any order. ------------------------------------------------- -$ git checkout release && git pull . speed-up-spinlocks +$ git checkout release && git merge speed-up-spinlocks ------------------------------------------------- After a while, you will have a number of branches, and despite the @@ -3191,23 +3187,21 @@ those "loose" objects. You can save space and make Git faster by moving these loose objects in to a "pack file", which stores a group of objects in an efficient compressed format; the details of how pack files are formatted can be -found in link:technical/pack-format.txt[technical/pack-format.txt]. +found in link:technical/pack-format.html[pack format]. To put the loose objects into a pack, just run git repack: ------------------------------------------------ $ git repack -Generating pack... -Done counting 6020 objects. -Deltifying 6020 objects. - 100% (6020/6020) done -Writing 6020 objects. - 100% (6020/6020) done -Total 6020, written 6020 (delta 4070), reused 0 (delta 0) -Pack pack-3e54ad29d5b2e05838c75df582c65257b8d08e1c created. +Counting objects: 6020, done. +Delta compression using up to 4 threads. +Compressing objects: 100% (6020/6020), done. +Writing objects: 100% (6020/6020), done. +Total 6020 (delta 4070), reused 0 (delta 0) ------------------------------------------------ -You can then run +This creates a single "pack file" in .git/objects/pack/ +containing all currently unpacked objects. You can then run ------------------------------------------------ $ git prune @@ -3305,17 +3299,11 @@ state, you can just prune all unreachable objects: $ git prune ------------------------------------------------ -and they'll be gone. But you should only run `git prune` on a quiescent +and they'll be gone. (You should only run `git prune` on a quiescent repository--it's kind of like doing a filesystem fsck recovery: you don't want to do that while the filesystem is mounted. - -(The same is true of `git fsck` itself, btw, but since -`git fsck` never actually *changes* the repository, it just reports -on what it found, `git fsck` itself is never 'dangerous' to run. -Running it while somebody is actually changing the repository can cause -confusing and scary messages, but it won't actually do anything bad. In -contrast, running `git prune` while somebody is actively changing the -repository is a *BAD* idea). +`git prune` is designed not to cause any harm in such cases of concurrent +accesses to a repository but you might receive confusing or scary messages.) [[recovering-from-repository-corruption]] Recovering from repository corruption @@ -3538,7 +3526,7 @@ with Git 1.5.2 can look up the submodule commits in the repository and manually check them out; earlier versions won't recognize the submodules at all. -To see how submodule support works, create (for example) four example +To see how submodule support works, create four example repositories that can be used later as a submodule: ------------------------------------------------- @@ -3640,7 +3628,7 @@ working on a branch. ------------------------------------------------- $ git branch -* (no branch) +* (detached from d266b98) master ------------------------------------------------- @@ -3910,7 +3898,7 @@ fact that such a commit brings together ("merges") two or more previous states represented by other commits. In other words, while a "tree" represents a particular directory state -of a working directory, a "commit" represents that state in "time", +of a working directory, a "commit" represents that state in time, and explains how we got there. You create a commit object by giving it the tree that describes the @@ -3930,8 +3918,7 @@ save the note about that state, in practice we tend to just write the result to the file pointed at by `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see what the last committed state was. -Here is an ASCII art by Jon Loeliger that illustrates how -various pieces fit together. +Here is a picture that illustrates how various pieces fit together: ------------ @@ -4010,27 +3997,26 @@ to see what the top commit was. Merging multiple trees ---------------------- -Git helps you do a three-way merge, which you can expand to n-way by -repeating the merge procedure arbitrary times until you finally -"commit" the state. The normal situation is that you'd only do one -three-way merge (two parents), and commit it, but if you like to, you -can do multiple parents in one go. +Git can help you perform a three-way merge, which can in turn be +used for a many-way merge by repeating the merge procedure several +times. The usual situation is that you only do one three-way merge +(reconciling two lines of history) and commit the result, but if +you like to, you can merge several branches in one go. -To do a three-way merge, you need the two sets of "commit" objects -that you want to merge, use those to find the closest common parent (a -third "commit" object), and then use those commit objects to find the -state of the directory ("tree" object) at these points. +To perform a three-way merge, you start with the two commits you +want to merge, find their closest common parent (a third commit), +and compare the trees corresponding to these three commits. -To get the "base" for the merge, you first look up the common parent -of two commits with +To get the "base" for the merge, look up the common parent of two +commits: ------------------------------------------------- $ git merge-base <commit1> <commit2> ------------------------------------------------- -which will return you the commit they are both based on. You should -now look up the "tree" objects of those commits, which you can easily -do with (for example) +This prints the name of a commit they are both based on. You should +now look up the tree objects of those commits, which you can easily +do with ------------------------------------------------- $ git cat-file commit <commitname> | head -1 @@ -4152,8 +4138,6 @@ about the data in the object. It's worth noting that the SHA-1 hash that is used to name the object is the hash of the original data plus this header, so `sha1sum` 'file' does not match the object name for 'file'. -(Historical note: in the dawn of the age of Git the hash -was the SHA-1 of the 'compressed' object.) As a result, the general consistency of an object can always be tested independently of the contents or the type of the object: all objects can @@ -4675,5 +4659,5 @@ Write a chapter on using plumbing and writing scripts. Alternates, clone -reference, etc. More on recovery from repository corruption. See: - http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=117263864820799&w=2 - http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=117147855503798&w=2 + http://marc.info/?l=git&m=117263864820799&w=2 + http://marc.info/?l=git&m=117147855503798&w=2 |