diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
119 files changed, 2681 insertions, 771 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines index ef67b53..4d90c77 100644 --- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines +++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines @@ -18,6 +18,14 @@ code. For Git in general, three rough rules are: judgement call, the decision based more on real world constraints people face than what the paper standard says. + - Fixing style violations while working on a real change as a + preparatory clean-up step is good, but otherwise avoid useless code + churn for the sake of conforming to the style. + + "Once it _is_ in the tree, it's not really worth the patch noise to + go and fix it up." + Cf. http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/943020 + Make your code readable and sensible, and don't try to be clever. As for more concrete guidelines, just imitate the existing code @@ -34,7 +42,17 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive): - We use tabs for indentation. - - Case arms are indented at the same depth as case and esac lines. + - Case arms are indented at the same depth as case and esac lines, + like this: + + case "$variable" in + pattern1) + do this + ;; + pattern2) + do that + ;; + esac - Redirection operators should be written with space before, but no space after them. In other words, write 'echo test >"$file"' @@ -43,6 +61,14 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive): redirection target in a variable (as shown above), our code does so because some versions of bash issue a warning without the quotes. + (incorrect) + cat hello > world < universe + echo hello >$world + + (correct) + cat hello >world <universe + echo hello >"$world" + - We prefer $( ... ) for command substitution; unlike ``, it properly nests. It should have been the way Bourne spelled it from day one, but unfortunately isn't. @@ -81,23 +107,42 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive): "then" should be on the next line for if statements, and "do" should be on the next line for "while" and "for". + (incorrect) + if test -f hello; then + do this + fi + + (correct) + if test -f hello + then + do this + fi + - We prefer "test" over "[ ... ]". - We do not write the noiseword "function" in front of shell functions. - - We prefer a space between the function name and the parentheses. The - opening "{" should also be on the same line. - E.g.: my_function () { + - We prefer a space between the function name and the parentheses, + and no space inside the parentheses. The opening "{" should also + be on the same line. + + (incorrect) + my_function(){ + ... + + (correct) + my_function () { + ... - As to use of grep, stick to a subset of BRE (namely, no \{m,n\}, - [::], [==], nor [..]) for portability. + [::], [==], or [..]) for portability. - We do not use \{m,n\}; - We do not use -E; - - We do not use ? nor + (which are \{0,1\} and \{1,\} + - We do not use ? or + (which are \{0,1\} and \{1,\} respectively in BRE) but that goes without saying as these are ERE elements not BRE (note that \? and \+ are not even part of BRE -- making them accessible from BRE is a GNU extension). @@ -106,6 +151,19 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive): interface translatable. See "Marking strings for translation" in po/README. + - We do not write our "test" command with "-a" and "-o" and use "&&" + or "||" to concatenate multiple "test" commands instead, because + the use of "-a/-o" is often error-prone. E.g. + + test -n "$x" -a "$a" = "$b" + + is buggy and breaks when $x is "=", but + + test -n "$x" && test "$a" = "$b" + + does not have such a problem. + + For C programs: - We use tabs to indent, and interpret tabs as taking up to @@ -126,6 +184,17 @@ For C programs: "char * string". This makes it easier to understand code like "char *string, c;". + - Use whitespace around operators and keywords, but not inside + parentheses and not around functions. So: + + while (condition) + func(bar + 1); + + and not: + + while( condition ) + func (bar+1); + - We avoid using braces unnecessarily. I.e. if (bla) { @@ -138,7 +207,7 @@ For C programs: of "else if" statements, it can make sense to add braces to single line blocks. - - We try to avoid assignments inside if(). + - We try to avoid assignments in the condition of an "if" statement. - Try to make your code understandable. You may put comments in, but comments invariably tend to stale out when the code @@ -153,9 +222,101 @@ For C programs: * multi-line comment. */ + Note however that a comment that explains a translatable string to + translators uses a convention of starting with a magic token + "TRANSLATORS: " immediately after the opening delimiter, even when + it spans multiple lines. We do not add an asterisk at the beginning + of each line, either. E.g. + + /* TRANSLATORS: here is a comment that explains the string + to be translated, that follows immediately after it */ + _("Here is a translatable string explained by the above."); + - Double negation is often harder to understand than no negation at all. + - There are two schools of thought when it comes to comparison, + especially inside a loop. Some people prefer to have the less stable + value on the left hand side and the more stable value on the right hand + side, e.g. if you have a loop that counts variable i down to the + lower bound, + + while (i > lower_bound) { + do something; + i--; + } + + Other people prefer to have the textual order of values match the + actual order of values in their comparison, so that they can + mentally draw a number line from left to right and place these + values in order, i.e. + + while (lower_bound < i) { + do something; + i--; + } + + Both are valid, and we use both. However, the more "stable" the + stable side becomes, the more we tend to prefer the former + (comparison with a constant, "i > 0", is an extreme example). + Just do not mix styles in the same part of the code and mimic + existing styles in the neighbourhood. + + - There are two schools of thought when it comes to splitting a long + logical line into multiple lines. Some people push the second and + subsequent lines far enough to the right with tabs and align them: + + if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to || + span_more_than_a_single_line_of || + the_source_text) { + ... + + while other people prefer to align the second and the subsequent + lines with the column immediately inside the opening parenthesis, + with tabs and spaces, following our "tabstop is always a multiple + of 8" convention: + + if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to || + span_more_than_a_single_line_of || + the_source_text) { + ... + + Both are valid, and we use both. Again, just do not mix styles in + the same part of the code and mimic existing styles in the + neighbourhood. + + - When splitting a long logical line, some people change line before + a binary operator, so that the result looks like a parse tree when + you turn your head 90-degrees counterclockwise: + + if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to + || span_more_than_a_single_line_of_the_source_text) { + + while other people prefer to leave the operator at the end of the + line: + + if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to || + span_more_than_a_single_line_of_the_source_text) { + + Both are valid, but we tend to use the latter more, unless the + expression gets fairly complex, in which case the former tends to + be easier to read. Again, just do not mix styles in the same part + of the code and mimic existing styles in the neighbourhood. + + - When splitting a long logical line, with everything else being + equal, it is preferable to split after the operator at higher + level in the parse tree. That is, this is more preferable: + + if (a_very_long_variable * that_is_used_in + + a_very_long_expression) { + ... + + than + + if (a_very_long_variable * + that_is_used_in + a_very_long_expression) { + ... + - Some clever tricks, like using the !! operator with arithmetic constructs, can be extremely confusing to others. Avoid them, unless there is a compelling reason to use them. diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile index 91a12c7..fc6b2cf 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/Makefile @@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ MAN1_TXT = MAN5_TXT = MAN7_TXT = +TECH_DOCS = +ARTICLES = +SP_ARTICLES = MAN1_TXT += $(filter-out \ $(addsuffix .txt, $(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)), \ @@ -37,12 +40,12 @@ MAN_HTML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN_TXT)) OBSOLETE_HTML = git-remote-helpers.html DOC_HTML = $(MAN_HTML) $(OBSOLETE_HTML) -ARTICLES = howto-index +ARTICLES += howto-index ARTICLES += everyday ARTICLES += git-tools ARTICLES += git-bisect-lk2009 # with their own formatting rules. -SP_ARTICLES = user-manual +SP_ARTICLES += user-manual SP_ARTICLES += howto/new-command SP_ARTICLES += howto/revert-branch-rebase SP_ARTICLES += howto/using-merge-subtree @@ -60,7 +63,8 @@ SP_ARTICLES += howto/maintain-git API_DOCS = $(patsubst %.txt,%,$(filter-out technical/api-index-skel.txt technical/api-index.txt, $(wildcard technical/api-*.txt))) SP_ARTICLES += $(API_DOCS) -TECH_DOCS = technical/index-format +TECH_DOCS += technical/http-protocol +TECH_DOCS += technical/index-format TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-format TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-heuristics TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-protocol @@ -324,7 +328,7 @@ manpage-base-url.xsl: manpage-base-url.xsl.in user-manual.xml: user-manual.txt user-manual.conf $(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \ - $(ASCIIDOC) $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -b docbook -d book -o $@+ $< && \ + $(ASCIIDOC) $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -b docbook -d article -o $@+ $< && \ mv $@+ $@ technical/api-index.txt: technical/api-index-skel.txt \ diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..752d791 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,345 @@ +Git v1.9.0 Release Notes +======================== + +Backward compatibility notes +---------------------------- + +"git submodule foreach $cmd $args" used to treat "$cmd $args" the same +way "ssh" did, concatenating them into a single string and letting the +shell unquote. Careless users who forget to sufficiently quote $args +get their argument split at $IFS whitespaces by the shell, and got +unexpected results due to this. Starting from this release, the +command line is passed directly to the shell, if it has an argument. + +Read-only support for experimental loose-object format, in which users +could optionally choose to write their loose objects for a short +while between v1.4.3 and v1.5.3 era, has been dropped. + +The meanings of the "--tags" option to "git fetch" has changed; the +command fetches tags _in addition to_ what is fetched by the same +command line without the option. + +The way "git push $there $what" interprets the $what part given on the +command line, when it does not have a colon that explicitly tells us +what ref at the $there repository is to be updated, has been enhanced. + +A handful of ancient commands that have long been deprecated are +finally gone (repo-config, tar-tree, lost-found, and peek-remote). + + +Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0.0) +-------------------------------------------- + +When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the +traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent +to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name +over there). In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple" +semantics, which pushes: + + - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only + when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote + branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or + + - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you + are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from. + +Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to +change this. If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching" +semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the +traditional behaviour. If you want to live in the future early, you +can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0. + +When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and +does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it +will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency +with "git commit -a" and other commands. There will be no +mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .". +Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start +training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ." +before Git 2.0 comes. A warning is issued when these commands are +run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the +current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different +from today's version in such a situation. + +In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so +that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory +and record the removal. Versions before Git 2.0, including this +release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this +behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>" +now before 2.0 is released. + +The default prefix for "git svn" will change in Git 2.0. For a long +time, "git svn" created its remote-tracking branches directly under +refs/remotes, but it will place them under refs/remotes/origin/ unless +it is told otherwise with its --prefix option. + + +Updates since v1.8.5 +-------------------- + +Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports. + + * The HTTP transport, when talking GSS-Negotiate, uses "100 + Continue" response to avoid having to rewind and resend a large + payload, which may not be always doable. + + * Various bugfixes to remote-bzr and remote-hg (in contrib/). + + * The build procedure is aware of MirBSD now. + + * Various "git p4", "git svn" and "gitk" updates. + + +UI, Workflows & Features + + * Fetching from a shallowly-cloned repository used to be forbidden, + primarily because the codepaths involved were not carefully vetted + and we did not bother supporting such usage. This release attempts + to allow object transfer out of a shallowly-cloned repository in a + more controlled way (i.e. the receiver becomes a shallow repository + with a truncated history). + + * Just like we give a reasonable default for "less" via the LESS + environment variable, we now specify a reasonable default for "lv" + via the "LV" environment variable when spawning the pager. + + * Two-level configuration variable names in "branch.*" and "remote.*" + hierarchies, whose variables are predominantly three-level, were + not completed by hitting a <TAB> in bash and zsh completions. + + * Fetching a 'frotz' branch with "git fetch", while a 'frotz/nitfol' + remote-tracking branch from an earlier fetch was still there, would + error out, primarily because the command was not told that it is + allowed to lose any information on our side. "git fetch --prune" + now can be used to remove 'frotz/nitfol' to make room for fetching and + storing the 'frotz' remote-tracking branch. + + * "diff.orderfile=<file>" configuration variable can be used to + pretend as if the "-O<file>" option were given from the command + line of "git diff", etc. + + * The negative pathspec syntax allows "git log -- . ':!dir'" to tell + us "I am interested in everything but 'dir' directory". + + * "git difftool" shows how many different paths there are in total, + and how many of them have been shown so far, to indicate progress. + + * "git push origin master" used to push our 'master' branch to update + the 'master' branch at the 'origin' repository. This has been + enhanced to use the same ref mapping "git push origin" would use to + determine what ref at the 'origin' to be updated with our 'master'. + For example, with this configuration + + [remote "origin"] + push = refs/heads/*:refs/review/* + + that would cause "git push origin" to push out our local branches + to corresponding refs under refs/review/ hierarchy at 'origin', + "git push origin master" would update 'refs/review/master' over + there. Alternatively, if push.default is set to 'upstream' and our + 'master' is set to integrate with 'topic' from the 'origin' branch, + running "git push origin" while on our 'master' would update their + 'topic' branch, and running "git push origin master" while on any + of our branches does the same. + + * "gitweb" learned to treat ref hierarchies other than refs/heads as + if they are additional branch namespaces (e.g. refs/changes/ in + Gerrit). + + * "git for-each-ref --format=..." learned a few formatting directives; + e.g. "%(color:red)%(HEAD)%(color:reset) %(refname:short) %(subject)". + + * The command string given to "git submodule foreach" is passed + directly to the shell, without being eval'ed. This is a backward + incompatible change that may break existing users. + + * "git log" and friends learned the "--exclude=<glob>" option, to + allow people to say "list history of all branches except those that + match this pattern" with "git log --exclude='*/*' --branches". + + * "git rev-parse --parseopt" learned a new "--stuck-long" option to + help scripts parse options with an optional parameter. + + * The "--tags" option to "git fetch" no longer tells the command to + fetch _only_ the tags. It instead fetches tags _in addition to_ + what are fetched by the same command line without the option. + + +Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. + + * When parsing a 40-hex string into the object name, the string is + checked to see if it can be interpreted as a ref so that a warning + can be given for ambiguity. The code kicked in even when the + core.warnambiguousrefs is set to false to squelch this warning, in + which case the cycles spent to look at the ref namespace were an + expensive no-op, as the result was discarded without being used. + + * The naming convention of the packfiles has been updated; it used to + be based on the enumeration of names of the objects that are + contained in the pack, but now it also depends on how the packed + result is represented---packing the same set of objects using + different settings (or delta order) would produce a pack with + different name. + + * "git diff --no-index" mode used to unnecessarily attempt to read + the index when there is one. + + * The deprecated parse-options macro OPT_BOOLEAN has been removed; + use OPT_BOOL or OPT_COUNTUP in new code. + + * A few duplicate implementations of prefix/suffix string comparison + functions have been unified to starts_with() and ends_with(). + + * The new PERLLIB_EXTRA makefile variable can be used to specify + additional directories Perl modules (e.g. the ones necessary to run + git-svn) are installed on the platform when building. + + * "git merge-base" learned the "--fork-point" mode, that implements + the same logic used in "git pull --rebase" to find a suitable fork + point out of the reflog entries for the remote-tracking branch the + work has been based on. "git rebase" has the same logic that can be + triggered with the "--fork-point" option. + + * A third-party "receive-pack" (the responder to "git push") can + advertise the "no-thin" capability to tell "git push" not to use + the thin-pack optimization. Our receive-pack has always been + capable of accepting and fattening a thin-pack, and will continue + not to ask "git push" to use a non-thin pack. + + +Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. + + +Fixes since v1.8.5 +------------------ + +Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.5 in the maintenance +track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases' notes +for details). + + * The pathspec matching code, while comparing two trees (e.g. "git + diff A B -- path1 path2") was too aggressive and failed to match + some paths when multiple pathspecs were involved. + + * "git repack --max-pack-size=8g" stopped being parsed correctly when + the command was reimplemented in C. + + * An earlier update in v1.8.4.x to "git rev-list --objects" with + negative ref had a performance regression. + (merge 200abe7 jk/mark-edges-uninteresting later to maint). + + * A recent update to "git send-email" broke platforms where + /etc/ssl/certs/ directory exists but cannot be used as SSL_ca_path + (e.g. Fedora rawhide). + + * A handful of bugs around interpreting $branch@{upstream} notation + and its lookalike, when $branch part has interesting characters, + e.g. "@", and ":", have been fixed. + + * "git clone" would fail to clone from a repository that has a ref + directly under "refs/", e.g. "refs/stash", because different + validation paths do different things on such a refname. Loosen the + client side's validation to allow such a ref. + + * "git log --left-right A...B" lost the "leftness" of commits + reachable from A when A is a tag as a side effect of a recent + bugfix. This is a regression in 1.8.4.x series. + + * documentations to "git pull" hinted there is an "-m" option because + it incorrectly shared the documentation with "git merge". + + * "git diff A B submod" and "git diff A B submod/" ought to have done + the same for a submodule "submod", but didn't. + + * "git clone $origin foo\bar\baz" on Windows failed to create the + leading directories (i.e. a moral-equivalent of "mkdir -p"). + + * "submodule.*.update=checkout", when propagated from .gitmodules to + .git/config, turned into a "submodule.*.update=none", which did not + make much sense. + (merge efa8fd7 fp/submodule-checkout-mode later to maint). + + * The implementation of 'git stash $cmd "stash@{...}"' did not quote + the stash argument properly and left it split at IFS whitespace. + + * The "--[no-]informative-errors" options to "git daemon" were parsed + a bit too loosely, allowing any other string after these option + names. + + * There is no reason to have a hardcoded upper limit for the number of + parents of an octopus merge, created via the graft mechanism, but + there was. + + * The basic test used to leave unnecessary trash directories in the + t/ directory. + (merge 738a8be jk/test-framework-updates later to maint). + + * "git merge-base --octopus" used to leave cleaning up suboptimal + result to the caller, but now it does the clean-up itself. + + * A "gc" process running as a different user should be able to stop a + new "gc" process from starting, but it didn't. + + * An earlier "clean-up" introduced an unnecessary memory leak. + + * "git add -A" (no other arguments) in a totally empty working tree + used to emit an error. + + * "git log --decorate" did not handle a tag pointed by another tag + nicely. + + * When we figure out how many file descriptors to allocate for + keeping packfiles open, a system with non-working getrlimit() could + cause us to die(), but because we make this call only to get a + rough estimate of how many are available and we do not even attempt + to use up all available file descriptors ourselves, it is nicer to + fall back to a reasonable low value rather than dying. + + * read_sha1_file(), that is the workhorse to read the contents given + an object name, honoured object replacements, but there was no + corresponding mechanism to sha1_object_info() that was used to + obtain the metainfo (e.g. type & size) about the object. This led + callers to weird inconsistencies. + (merge 663a856 cc/replace-object-info later to maint). + + * "git cat-file --batch=", an admittedly useless command, did not + behave very well. + + * "git rev-parse <revs> -- <paths>" did not implement the usual + disambiguation rules the commands in the "git log" family used in + the same way. + + * "git mv A B/", when B does not exist as a directory, should error + out, but it didn't. + + * A workaround to an old bug in glibc prior to glibc 2.17 has been + retired; this would remove a side effect of the workaround that + corrupts system error messages in non-C locales. + + * SSL-related options were not passed correctly to underlying socket + layer in "git send-email". + + * "git commit -v" appends the patch to the log message before + editing, and then removes the patch when the editor returned + control. However, the patch was not stripped correctly when the + first modified path was a submodule. + + * "git fetch --depth=0" was a no-op, and was silently ignored. + Diagnose it as an error. + + * Remote repository URLs expressed in scp-style host:path notation are + parsed more carefully (e.g. "foo/bar:baz" is local, "[::1]:/~user" asks + to connect to user's home directory on host at address ::1. + + * "git diff -- ':(icase)makefile'" was unnecessarily rejected at the + command line parser. + + * "git cat-file --batch-check=ok" did not check the existence of + the named object. + + * "git am --abort" sometimes complained about not being able to write + a tree with an 0{40} object in it. + + * Two processes creating loose objects at the same time could have + failed unnecessarily when the name of their new objects started + with the same byte value, due to a race condition. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.1.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b06020 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +Git v1.9.1 Release Notes +======================== + +Fixes since v1.9.0 +------------------ + + * "git clean -d pathspec" did not use the given pathspec correctly + and ended up cleaning too much. + + * "git difftool" misbehaved when the repository is bound to the + working tree with the ".git file" mechanism, where a textual file + ".git" tells us where it is. + + * "git push" did not pay attention to branch.*.pushremote if it is + defined earlier than remote.pushdefault; the order of these two + variables in the configuration file should not matter, but it did + by mistake. + + * Codepaths that parse timestamps in commit objects have been + tightened. + + * "git diff --external-diff" incorrectly fed the submodule directory + in the working tree to the external diff driver when it knew it is + the same as one of the versions being compared. + + * "git reset" needs to refresh the index when working in a working + tree (it can also be used to match the index to the HEAD in an + otherwise bare repository), but it failed to set up the working + tree properly, causing GIT_WORK_TREE to be ignored. + + * "git check-attr" when working on a repository with a working tree + did not work well when the working tree was specified via the + --work-tree (and obviously with --git-dir) option. + + * "merge-recursive" was broken in 1.7.7 era and stopped working in + an empty (temporary) working tree, when there are renames + involved. This has been corrected. + + * "git rev-parse" was loose in rejecting command line arguments + that do not make sense, e.g. "--default" without the required + value for that option. + + * include.path variable (or any variable that expects a path that + can use ~username expansion) in the configuration file is not a + boolean, but the code failed to check it. + + * "git diff --quiet -- pathspec1 pathspec2" sometimes did not return + correct status value. + + * Attempting to deepen a shallow repository by fetching over smart + HTTP transport failed in the protocol exchange, when no-done + extension was used. The fetching side waited for the list of + shallow boundary commits after the sending end stopped talking to + it. + + * Allow "git cmd path/", when the 'path' is where a submodule is + bound to the top-level working tree, to match 'path', despite the + extra and unnecessary trailing slash (such a slash is often + given by command line completion). diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.2.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..47a34ca --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +Git v1.9.2 Release Notes +======================== + +Fixes since v1.9.1 +------------------ + + * Documentation and in-code comments had many instances of mistaken + use of "nor", which have been corrected. + + * "git fetch --prune", when the right-hand-side of multiple fetch + refspecs overlap (e.g. storing "refs/heads/*" to + "refs/remotes/origin/*", while storing "refs/frotz/*" to + "refs/remotes/origin/fr/*"), aggressively thought that lack of + "refs/heads/fr/otz" on the origin site meant we should remove + "refs/remotes/origin/fr/otz" from us, without checking their + "refs/frotz/otz" first. + + Note that such a configuration is inherently unsafe (think what + should happen when "refs/heads/fr/otz" does appear on the origin + site), but that is not a reason not to be extra careful. + + * "git update-ref --stdin" did not fail a request to create a ref + when the ref already existed. + + * "git diff --no-index -Mq a b" fell into an infinite loop. + + * When it is not necessary to edit a commit log message (e.g. "git + commit -m" is given a message without specifying "-e"), we used to + disable the spawning of the editor by overriding GIT_EDITOR, but + this means all the uses of the editor, other than to edit the + commit log message, are also affected. + + * "git status --porcelain --branch" showed its output with labels + "ahead/behind/gone" translated to the user's locale. + + * "git mv" that moves a submodule forgot to adjust the array that + uses to keep track of which submodules were to be moved to update + its configuration. + + * Length limit for the pathname used when removing a path in a deep + subdirectory has been removed to avoid buffer overflows. + + * The test helper lib-terminal always run an actual test_expect_* + when included, which screwed up with the use of skil-all that may + have to be done later. + + * "git index-pack" used a wrong variable to name the keep-file in an + error message when the file cannot be written or closed. + + * "rebase -i" produced a broken insn sheet when the title of a commit + happened to contain '\n' (or ended with '\c') due to a careless use + of 'echo'. + + * There were a few instances of 'git-foo' remaining in the + documentation that should have been spelled 'git foo'. + + * Serving objects from a shallow repository needs to write a + new file to hold the temporary shallow boundaries but it was not + cleaned when we exit due to die() or a signal. + + * When "git stash pop" stops after failing to apply the stash + (e.g. due to conflicting changes), the stash is not dropped. State + that explicitly in the output to let the users know. + + * The labels in "git status" output that describe the nature of + conflicts (e.g. "both deleted") were limited to 20 bytes, which was + too short for some l10n (e.g. fr). diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.3.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..17b05ca --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +Git v1.9.3 Release Notes +======================== + +Fixes since v1.9.2 +------------------ + + * "git p4" dealing with changes in binary files were broken by a + change in 1.9 release. + + * The shell prompt script (in contrib/), when using the PROMPT_COMMAND + interface, used an unsafe construct when showing the branch name in + $PS1. + + * "git rebase" used a POSIX shell construct FreeBSD /bin/sh does not + work well with. + + * Some more Unicode codepoints defined in Unicode 6.3 as having + zero width have been taught to our display column counting logic. + + * Some tests used shell constructs that did not work well on + FreeBSD. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.4.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1d1835 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +Git v1.9.4 Release Notes +======================== + +Fixes since v1.9.3 +------------------ + + * Commands that take pathspecs on the command line misbehaved when + the pathspec is given as an absolute pathname (which is a + practice not particularly encouraged) that points at a symbolic + link in the working tree. + + * An earlier fix to the shell prompt script (in contrib/) for using + the PROMPT_COMMAND interface did not correctly check if the extra + code path needs to trigger, causing the branch name not to appear + when 'promptvars' option is disabled in bash or PROMPT_SUBST is + unset in zsh. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2617372 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,364 @@ +Git v2.0 Release Notes +====================== + +Backward compatibility notes +---------------------------- + +When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the +traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent +to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name +over there). In Git 2.0, the default is now the "simple" semantics, +which pushes: + + - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only + when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote + branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or + + - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you + are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from. + +You can use the configuration variable "push.default" to change +this. If you are an old-timer who wants to keep using the +"matching" semantics, you can set the variable to "matching", for +example. Read the documentation for other possibilities. + +When "git add -u" and "git add -A" are run inside a subdirectory +without specifying which paths to add on the command line, they +operate on the entire tree for consistency with "git commit -a" and +other commands (these commands used to operate only on the current +subdirectory). Say "git add -u ." or "git add -A ." if you want to +limit the operation to the current directory. + +"git add <path>" is the same as "git add -A <path>" now, so that +"git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory and +record the removal. In older versions of Git, "git add <path>" used +to ignore removals. You can say "git add --ignore-removal <path>" to +add only added or modified paths in <path>, if you really want to. + +The "-q" option to "git diff-files", which does *NOT* mean "quiet", +has been removed (it told Git to ignore deletion, which you can do +with "git diff-files --diff-filter=d"). + +"git request-pull" lost a few "heuristics" that often led to mistakes. + +The default prefix for "git svn" has changed in Git 2.0. For a long +time, "git svn" created its remote-tracking branches directly under +refs/remotes, but it now places them under refs/remotes/origin/ unless +it is told otherwise with its "--prefix" option. + + +Updates since v1.9 series +------------------------- + +UI, Workflows & Features + + * The "multi-mail" post-receive hook (in contrib/) has been updated + to a more recent version from upstream. + + * The "remote-hg/bzr" remote-helper interfaces (used to be in + contrib/) are no more. They are now maintained separately as + third-party plug-ins in their own repositories. + + * "git gc --aggressive" learned "--depth" option and + "gc.aggressiveDepth" configuration variable to allow use of a less + insane depth than the built-in default value of 250. + + * "git log" learned the "--show-linear-break" option to show where a + single strand-of-pearls is broken in its output. + + * The "rev-parse --parseopt" mechanism used by scripted Porcelains to + parse command-line options and to give help text learned to take + the argv-help (the placeholder string for an option parameter, + e.g. "key-id" in "--gpg-sign=<key-id>"). + + * The pattern to find where the function begins in C/C++ used in + "diff" and "grep -p" has been updated to improve viewing C++ + sources. + + * "git rebase" learned to interpret a lone "-" as "@{-1}", the + branch that we were previously on. + + * "git commit --cleanup=<mode>" learned a new mode, scissors. + + * "git tag --list" output can be sorted using "version sort" with + "--sort=version:refname". + + * Discard the accumulated "heuristics" to guess from which branch the + result wants to be pulled from and make sure that what the end user + specified is not second-guessed by "git request-pull", to avoid + mistakes. When you pushed out your 'master' branch to your public + repository as 'for-linus', use the new "master:for-linus" syntax to + denote the branch to be pulled. + + * "git grep" learned to behave in a way similar to native grep when + "-h" (no header) and "-c" (count) options are given. + + * "git push" via transport-helper interface has been updated to + allow forced ref updates in a way similar to the natively + supported transports. + + * The "simple" mode is the default for "git push". + + * "git add -u" and "git add -A", when run without any pathspec, is a + tree-wide operation even when run inside a subdirectory of a + working tree. + + * "git add <path>" is the same as "git add -A <path>" now. + + * "core.statinfo" configuration variable, which is a + never-advertised synonym to "core.checkstat", has been removed. + + * The "-q" option to "git diff-files", which does *NOT* mean + "quiet", has been removed (it told Git to ignore deletion, which + you can do with "git diff-files --diff-filter=d"). + + * Server operators can loosen the "tips of refs only" restriction for + the remote archive service with the uploadarchive.allowUnreachable + configuration option. + + * The progress indicators from various time-consuming commands have + been marked for i18n/l10n. + + * "git notes -C <blob>" diagnoses as an error an attempt to use an + object that is not a blob. + + * "git config" learned to read from the standard input when "-" is + given as the value to its "--file" parameter (attempting an + operation to update the configuration in the standard input is + rejected, of course). + + * Trailing whitespaces in .gitignore files, unless they are quoted + for fnmatch(3), e.g. "path\ ", are warned and ignored. Strictly + speaking, this is a backward-incompatible change, but very unlikely + to bite any sane user and adjusting should be obvious and easy. + + * Many commands that create commits, e.g. "pull" and "rebase", + learned to take the "--gpg-sign" option on the command line. + + * "git commit" can be told to always GPG sign the resulting commit + by setting the "commit.gpgsign" configuration variable to "true" + (the command-line option "--no-gpg-sign" should override it). + + * "git pull" can be told to only accept fast-forward by setting the + new "pull.ff" configuration variable. + + * "git reset" learned the "-N" option, which does not reset the index + fully for paths the index knows about but the tree-ish the command + resets to does not (these paths are kept as intend-to-add entries). + + +Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. + + * The compilation options to port to AIX and to MSVC have been + updated. + + * We started using wildmatch() in place of fnmatch(3) a few releases + ago; complete the process and stop using fnmatch(3). + + * Uses of curl's "multi" interface and "easy" interface do not mix + well when we attempt to reuse outgoing connections. Teach the RPC + over HTTP code, used in the smart HTTP transport, not to use the + "easy" interface. + + * The bitmap-index feature from JGit has been ported, which should + significantly improve performance when serving objects from a + repository that uses it. + + * The way "git log --cc" shows a combined diff against multiple + parents has been optimized. + + * The prefixcmp() and suffixcmp() functions are gone. Use + starts_with() and ends_with(), and also consider if skip_prefix() + suits your needs better when using the former. + + +Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. Many +of them came from flurry of activities as GSoC candidate microproject +exercises. + + +Fixes since v1.9 series +----------------------- + +Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.9 in the maintenance +track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases' +notes for details). + + * "git p4" was broken in 1.9 release to deal with changes in binary + files. + (merge 749b668 cl/p4-use-diff-tree later to maint). + + * The shell prompt script (in contrib/), when using the PROMPT_COMMAND + interface, used an unsafe construct when showing the branch name in + $PS1. + (merge 1e4119c8 rh/prompt-pcmode-avoid-eval-on-refname later to maint). + + * "git rebase" used a POSIX shell construct FreeBSD's /bin/sh does not + work well with. + (merge 8cd6596 km/avoid-non-function-return-in-rebase later to maint). + + * zsh prompt (in contrib/) leaked unnecessary error messages. + + * Bash completion (in contrib/) did not complete the refs and remotes + correctly given "git pu<TAB>" when "pu" is aliased to "push". + + * Some more Unicode code points, defined in Unicode 6.3 as having zero + width, have been taught to our display column counting logic. + (merge d813ab9 tb/unicode-6.3-zero-width later to maint). + + * Some tests used shell constructs that did not work well on FreeBSD + (merge ff7a1c6 km/avoid-bs-in-shell-glob later to maint). + (merge 00764ca km/avoid-cp-a later to maint). + + * "git update-ref --stdin" did not fail a request to create a ref + when the ref already existed. + (merge b9d56b5 mh/update-ref-batch-create-fix later to maint). + + * "git diff --no-index -Mq a b" fell into an infinite loop. + (merge ad1c3fb jc/fix-diff-no-index-diff-opt-parse later to maint). + + * "git fetch --prune", when the right-hand side of multiple fetch + refspecs overlap (e.g. storing "refs/heads/*" to + "refs/remotes/origin/*", while storing "refs/frotz/*" to + "refs/remotes/origin/fr/*"), aggressively thought that lack of + "refs/heads/fr/otz" on the origin site meant we should remove + "refs/remotes/origin/fr/otz" from us, without checking their + "refs/frotz/otz" first. + + Note that such a configuration is inherently unsafe (think what + should happen when "refs/heads/fr/otz" does appear on the origin + site), but that is not a reason not to be extra careful. + (merge e6f6371 cn/fetch-prune-overlapping-destination later to maint). + + * "git status --porcelain --branch" showed its output with labels + "ahead/behind/gone" translated to the user's locale. + (merge 7a76c28 mm/status-porcelain-format-i18n-fix later to maint). + + * A stray environment variable $prefix could have leaked into and + affected the behaviour of the "subtree" script (in contrib/). + + * When it is not necessary to edit a commit log message (e.g. "git + commit -m" is given a message without specifying "-e"), we used to + disable the spawning of the editor by overriding GIT_EDITOR, but + this means all the uses of the editor, other than to edit the + commit log message, are also affected. + (merge b549be0 bp/commit-p-editor later to maint). + + * "git mv" that moves a submodule forgot to adjust the array that + uses to keep track of which submodules were to be moved to update + its configuration. + (merge fb8a4e8 jk/mv-submodules-fix later to maint). + + * Length limit for the pathname used when removing a path in a deep + subdirectory has been removed to avoid buffer overflows. + (merge 2f29e0c mh/remove-subtree-long-pathname-fix later to maint). + + * The test helper lib-terminal always run an actual test_expect_* + when included, which screwed up with the use of skil-all that may + have to be done later. + (merge 7e27173 jk/lib-terminal-lazy later to maint). + + * "git index-pack" used a wrong variable to name the keep-file in an + error message when the file cannot be written or closed. + (merge de983a0 nd/index-pack-error-message later to maint). + + * "rebase -i" produced a broken insn sheet when the title of a commit + happened to contain '\n' (or ended with '\c') due to a careless use + of 'echo'. + (merge cb1aefd us/printf-not-echo later to maint). + + * There were a few instances of 'git-foo' remaining in the + documentation that should have been spelled 'git foo'. + (merge 3c3e6f5 rr/doc-merge-strategies later to maint). + + * Serving objects from a shallow repository needs to write a + new file to hold the temporary shallow boundaries, but it was not + cleaned when we exit due to die() or a signal. + (merge 7839632 jk/shallow-update-fix later to maint). + + * When "git stash pop" stops after failing to apply the stash + (e.g. due to conflicting changes), the stash is not dropped. State + that explicitly in the output to let the users know. + (merge 2d4c993 jc/stash-pop-not-popped later to maint). + + * The labels in "git status" output that describe the nature of + conflicts (e.g. "both deleted") were limited to 20 bytes, which was + too short for some l10n (e.g. fr). + (merge c7cb333 jn/wt-status later to maint). + + * "git clean -d pathspec" did not use the given pathspec correctly + and ended up cleaning too much. + (merge 1f2e108 jk/clean-d-pathspec later to maint). + + * "git difftool" misbehaved when the repository is bound to the + working tree with the ".git file" mechanism, where a textual file + ".git" tells us where it is. + (merge fcfec8b da/difftool-git-files later to maint). + + * "git push" did not pay attention to "branch.*.pushremote" if it is + defined earlier than "remote.pushdefault"; the order of these two + variables in the configuration file should not matter, but it did + by mistake. + (merge 98b406f jk/remote-pushremote-config-reading later to maint). + + * Code paths that parse timestamps in commit objects have been + tightened. + (merge f80d1f9 jk/commit-dates-parsing-fix later to maint). + + * "git diff --external-diff" incorrectly fed the submodule directory + in the working tree to the external diff driver when it knew that it + is the same as one of the versions being compared. + (merge aba4727 tr/diff-submodule-no-reuse-worktree later to maint). + + * "git reset" needs to refresh the index when working in a working + tree (it can also be used to match the index to the HEAD in an + otherwise bare repository), but it failed to set up the working + tree properly, causing GIT_WORK_TREE to be ignored. + (merge b7756d4 nd/reset-setup-worktree later to maint). + + * "git check-attr" when working on a repository with a working tree + did not work well when the working tree was specified via the + "--work-tree" (and obviously with "--git-dir") option. + (merge cdbf623 jc/check-attr-honor-working-tree later to maint). + + * "merge-recursive" was broken in 1.7.7 era and stopped working in + an empty (temporary) working tree, when there are renames + involved. This has been corrected. + (merge 6e2068a bk/refresh-missing-ok-in-merge-recursive later to maint.) + + * "git rev-parse" was loose in rejecting command-line arguments + that do not make sense, e.g. "--default" without the required + value for that option. + (merge a43219f ds/rev-parse-required-args later to maint.) + + * "include.path" variable (or any variable that expects a path that + can use ~username expansion) in the configuration file is not a + boolean, but the code failed to check it. + (merge 67beb60 jk/config-path-include-fix later to maint.) + + * Commands that take pathspecs on the command line misbehaved when + the pathspec is given as an absolute pathname (which is a + practice not particularly encouraged) that points at a symbolic + link in the working tree. + (merge 6127ff6 mw/symlinks later to maint.) + + * "git diff --quiet -- pathspec1 pathspec2" sometimes did not return + the correct status value. + (merge f34b205 nd/diff-quiet-stat-dirty later to maint.) + + * Attempting to deepen a shallow repository by fetching over smart + HTTP transport failed in the protocol exchange, when the no-done + extension was used. The fetching side waited for the list of + shallow boundary commits after the sending side stopped talking to + it. + (merge 0232852 nd/http-fetch-shallow-fix later to maint.) + + * Allow "git cmd path/", when the 'path' is where a submodule is + bound to the top-level working tree, to match 'path', despite the + extra and unnecessary trailing slash (such a slash is often + given by command-line completion). + (merge 2e70c01 nd/submodule-pathspec-ending-with-slash later to maint.) + + * Documentation and in-code comments had many instances of mistaken + use of "nor", which have been corrected. + (merge 235e8d5 jl/nor-or-nand-and later to maint). diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad53d0d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +Git v2.1 Release Notes +====================== + +Updates since v2.0 +------------------ + +UI, Workflows & Features + + * "git commit --date=<date>" option learned to read from more + timestamp formats, including "--date=now". + + * "git grep" learned grep.fullname configuration variable to force + "--full-name" to be default. This may cause regressions on + scripted users that do not expect this new behaviour. + + * "git merge" without argument, even when there is an upstream + defined for the current branch, refused to run until + merge.defaultToUpstream is set to true. Flip the default of that + configuration variable to true. + + * "git mergetool" learned to drive the vimdiff3 backend. + + * mergetool.prompt used to default to 'true', always asking "do you + really want to run the tool on this path?". Among the two + purposes this prompt serves, ignore the use case to confirm that + the user wants to view particular path with the named tool, and + redefine the meaning of the prompt only to confirm the choice of + the tool made by the autodetection (for those who configured the + tool explicitly, the prompt shown for the latter purpose is + simply annoying). + + Strictly speaking, this is a backward incompatible change and the + users need to explicitly set the variable to 'true' if they want + to resurrect the now-ignored use case. + + * "git svn" learned to cope with malformed timestamps with only one + digit in the hour part, e.g. 2014-01-07T5:01:02.048176Z, emitted + by some broken subversion server implementations. + + +Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. + + * "git diff" that compares 3-or-more trees (e.g. parents and the + result of a merge) have been optimized. + + * The API to update/delete references are being converted to handle + updates to multiple references in a transactional way. As an + example, "update-ref --stdin [-z]" has been updated to use this + API. + + +Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. + + +Fixes since v2.0 +---------------- + +Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.0 in the maintenance +track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases' +notes for details). + + * "--ignore-space-change" option of "git apply" ignored the spaces + at the beginning of line too aggressively, which is inconsistent + with the option of the same name "diff" and "git diff" have. + (merge 14d3bb4 jc/apply-ignore-whitespace later to maint). + + * "git blame" miscounted number of columns needed to show localized + timestamps, resulting in jaggy left-side-edge of the source code + lines in its output. + (merge dd75553 jx/blame-align-relative-time later to maint). + + * We used to disable threaded "git index-pack" on platforms without + thread-safe pread(); use a different workaround for such + platforms to allow threaded "git index-pack". + (merge 3953949 nd/index-pack-one-fd-per-thread later to maint). + + * "git rerere forget" did not work well when merge.conflictstyle + was set to a non-default value. + (merge de3d8bb fc/rerere-conflict-style later to maint). + + * "git status", even though it is a read-only operation, tries to + update the index with refreshed lstat(2) info to optimize future + accesses to the working tree opportunistically, but this could + race with a "read-write" operation that modify the index while it + is running. Detect such a race and avoid overwriting the index. + (merge 426ddee ym/fix-opportunistic-index-update-race later to maint). diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt index ab26963..cd2d651 100644 --- a/Documentation/config.txt +++ b/Documentation/config.txt @@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ be escaped: use `\"` for `"` and `\\` for `\`. The following escape sequences (beside `\"` and `\\`) are recognized: `\n` for newline character (NL), `\t` for horizontal tabulation (HT, TAB) -and `\b` for backspace (BS). No other char escape sequence, nor octal -char sequences are valid. +and `\b` for backspace (BS). Other char escape sequences (including octal +escape sequences) are invalid. Variable values ending in a `\` are continued on the next line in the customary UNIX fashion. @@ -131,8 +131,13 @@ Variables Note that this list is non-comprehensive and not necessarily complete. For command-specific variables, you will find a more detailed description -in the appropriate manual page. You will find a description of non-core -porcelain configuration variables in the respective porcelain documentation. +in the appropriate manual page. + +Other git-related tools may and do use their own variables. When +inventing new variables for use in your own tool, make sure their +names do not conflict with those that are used by Git itself and +other popular tools, and describe them in your documentation. + advice.*:: These variables control various optional help messages designed to @@ -142,19 +147,13 @@ advice.*:: -- pushUpdateRejected:: Set this variable to 'false' if you want to disable - 'pushNonFFCurrent', 'pushNonFFDefault', + 'pushNonFFCurrent', 'pushNonFFMatching', 'pushAlreadyExists', 'pushFetchFirst', and 'pushNeedsForce' simultaneously. pushNonFFCurrent:: Advice shown when linkgit:git-push[1] fails due to a non-fast-forward update to the current branch. - pushNonFFDefault:: - Advice to set 'push.default' to 'upstream' or 'current' - when you ran linkgit:git-push[1] and pushed 'matching - refs' by default (i.e. you did not provide an explicit - refspec, and no 'push.default' configuration was set) - and it resulted in a non-fast-forward error. pushNonFFMatching:: Advice shown when you ran linkgit:git-push[1] and pushed 'matching refs' explicitly (i.e. you used ':', or @@ -382,7 +381,7 @@ false), while all other repositories are assumed to be bare (bare core.worktree:: Set the path to the root of the working tree. This can be overridden by the GIT_WORK_TREE environment - variable and the '--work-tree' command line option. + variable and the '--work-tree' command-line option. The value can be an absolute path or relative to the path to the .git directory, which is either specified by --git-dir or GIT_DIR, or automatically discovered. @@ -490,7 +489,7 @@ core.deltaBaseCacheLimit:: to avoid unpacking and decompressing frequently used base objects multiple times. + -Default is 16 MiB on all platforms. This should be reasonable +Default is 96 MiB on all platforms. This should be reasonable for all users/operating systems, except on the largest projects. You probably do not need to adjust this value. + @@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ core.askpass:: environment variable. If not set, fall back to the value of the 'SSH_ASKPASS' environment variable or, failing that, a simple password prompt. The external program shall be given a suitable prompt as - command line argument and write the password on its STDOUT. + command-line argument and write the password on its STDOUT. core.attributesfile:: In addition to '.gitattributes' (per-directory) and @@ -545,6 +544,9 @@ core.commentchar:: messages consider a line that begins with this character commented, and removes them after the editor returns (default '#'). ++ +If set to "auto", `git-commit` would select a character that is not +the beginning character of any line in existing commit messages. sequence.editor:: Text editor used by `git rebase -i` for editing the rebase instruction file. @@ -559,14 +561,23 @@ core.pager:: configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then the default chosen at compile time (usually 'less'). + -When the `LESS` environment variable is unset, Git sets it to `FRSX` +When the `LESS` environment variable is unset, Git sets it to `FRX` (if `LESS` environment variable is set, Git does not change it at all). If you want to selectively override Git's default setting -for `LESS`, you can set `core.pager` to e.g. `less -+S`. This will +for `LESS`, you can set `core.pager` to e.g. `less -S`. This will be passed to the shell by Git, which will translate the final -command to `LESS=FRSX less -+S`. The environment tells the command -to set the `S` option to chop long lines but the command line -resets it to the default to fold long lines. +command to `LESS=FRX less -S`. The environment does not set the +`S` option but the command line does, instructing less to truncate +long lines. Similarly, setting `core.pager` to `less -+F` will +deactivate the `F` option specified by the environment from the +command-line, deactivating the "quit if one screen" behavior of +`less`. One can specifically activate some flags for particular +commands: for example, setting `pager.blame` to `less -S` enables +line truncation only for `git blame`. ++ +Likewise, when the `LV` environment variable is unset, Git sets it +to `-c`. You can override this setting by exporting `LV` with +another value or setting `core.pager` to `lv +c`. core.whitespace:: A comma separated list of common whitespace problems to @@ -823,7 +834,7 @@ color.diff:: commands will only use color when output is to the terminal. Defaults to false. + -This does not affect linkgit:git-format-patch[1] nor the +This does not affect linkgit:git-format-patch[1] or the 'git-diff-{asterisk}' plumbing commands. Can be overridden on the command line with the `--color[=<when>]` option. @@ -988,6 +999,14 @@ commit.cleanup:: have to remove the help lines that begin with `#` in the commit log template yourself, if you do this). +commit.gpgsign:: + + A boolean to specify whether all commits should be GPG signed. + Use of this option when doing operations such as rebase can + result in a large number of commits being signed. It may be + convenient to use an agent to avoid typing your GPG passphrase + several times. + commit.status:: A boolean to enable/disable inclusion of status information in the commit message template when using an editor to prepare the commit @@ -1145,6 +1164,11 @@ filter.<driver>.smudge:: object to a worktree file upon checkout. See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details. +gc.aggressiveDepth:: + The depth parameter used in the delta compression + algorithm used by 'git gc --aggressive'. This defaults + to 250. + gc.aggressiveWindow:: The window size parameter used in the delta compression algorithm used by 'git gc --aggressive'. This defaults @@ -1163,6 +1187,10 @@ gc.autopacklimit:: --auto` consolidates them into one larger pack. The default value is 50. Setting this to 0 disables it. +gc.autodetach:: + Make `git gc --auto` return immediately andrun in background + if the system supports it. Default is true. + gc.packrefs:: Running `git pack-refs` in a repository renders it unclonable by Git versions prior to 1.5.1.2 over dumb @@ -1304,7 +1332,7 @@ grep.extendedRegexp:: gpg.program:: Use this custom program instead of "gpg" found on $PATH when making or verifying a PGP signature. The program must support the - same command line interface as GPG, namely, to verify a detached + same command-line interface as GPG, namely, to verify a detached signature, "gpg --verify $file - <$signature" is run, and the program is expected to signal a good signature by exiting with code 0, and to generate an ascii-armored detached signature, the @@ -1320,6 +1348,10 @@ gui.diffcontext:: Specifies how many context lines should be used in calls to diff made by the linkgit:git-gui[1]. The default is "5". +gui.displayuntracked:: + Determines if linkgit::git-gui[1] shows untracked files + in the file list. The default is "true". + gui.encoding:: Specifies the default encoding to use for displaying of file contents in linkgit:git-gui[1] and linkgit:gitk[1]. @@ -1597,6 +1629,10 @@ imap:: The configuration variables in the 'imap' section are described in linkgit:git-imap-send[1]. +index.version:: + Specify the version with which new index files should be + initialized. This does not affect existing repositories. + init.templatedir:: Specify the directory from which templates will be copied. (See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section of linkgit:git-init[1].) @@ -1629,7 +1665,7 @@ interactive.singlekey:: linkgit:git-add[1], linkgit:git-checkout[1], linkgit:git-commit[1], linkgit:git-reset[1], and linkgit:git-stash[1]. Note that this setting is silently ignored if portable keystroke input - is not available. + is not available; requires the Perl module Term::ReadKey. log.abbrevCommit:: If true, makes linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1], and @@ -1858,6 +1894,31 @@ pack.packSizeLimit:: Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported. +pack.useBitmaps:: + When true, git will use pack bitmaps (if available) when packing + to stdout (e.g., during the server side of a fetch). Defaults to + true. You should not generally need to turn this off unless + you are debugging pack bitmaps. + +pack.writebitmaps:: + When true, git will write a bitmap index when packing all + objects to disk (e.g., when `git repack -a` is run). This + index can speed up the "counting objects" phase of subsequent + packs created for clones and fetches, at the cost of some disk + space and extra time spent on the initial repack. Defaults to + false. + +pack.writeBitmapHashCache:: + When true, git will include a "hash cache" section in the bitmap + index (if one is written). This cache can be used to feed git's + delta heuristics, potentially leading to better deltas between + bitmapped and non-bitmapped objects (e.g., when serving a fetch + between an older, bitmapped pack and objects that have been + pushed since the last gc). The downside is that it consumes 4 + bytes per object of disk space, and that JGit's bitmap + implementation does not understand it, causing it to complain if + Git and JGit are used on the same repository. Defaults to false. + pager.<cmd>:: If the value is boolean, turns on or off pagination of the output of a particular Git subcommand when writing to a tty. @@ -1877,6 +1938,16 @@ pretty.<name>:: Note that an alias with the same name as a built-in format will be silently ignored. +pull.ff:: + By default, Git does not create an extra merge commit when merging + a commit that is a descendant of the current commit. Instead, the + tip of the current branch is fast-forwarded. When set to `false`, + this variable tells Git to create an extra merge commit in such + a case (equivalent to giving the `--no-ff` option from the command + line). When set to `only`, only such fast-forward merges are + allowed (equivalent to giving the `--ff-only` option from the + command line). + pull.rebase:: When true, rebase branches on top of the fetched branch, instead of merging the default branch from the default remote when "git @@ -1929,7 +2000,7 @@ When pushing to a remote that is different from the remote you normally pull from, work as `current`. This is the safest option and is suited for beginners. + -This mode will become the default in Git 2.0. +This mode has become the default in Git 2.0. * `matching` - push all branches having the same name on both ends. This makes the repository you are pushing to remember the set of @@ -1948,8 +2019,8 @@ suitable for pushing into a shared central repository, as other people may add new branches there, or update the tip of existing branches outside your control. + -This is currently the default, but Git 2.0 will change the default -to `simple`. +This used to be the default, but not since Git 2.0 (`simple` is the +new default). -- @@ -2026,6 +2097,10 @@ receive.updateserverinfo:: If set to true, git-receive-pack will run git-update-server-info after receiving data from git-push and updating refs. +receive.shallowupdate:: + If set to true, .git/shallow can be updated when new refs + require new shallow roots. Otherwise those refs are rejected. + remote.pushdefault:: The remote to push to by default. Overrides `branch.<name>.remote` for all branches, and is overridden by @@ -2087,8 +2162,8 @@ remote.<name>.vcs:: remote.<name>.prune:: When set to true, fetching from this remote by default will also - remove any remote-tracking branches which no longer exist on the - remote (as if the `--prune` option was give on the command line). + remove any remote-tracking references that no longer exist on the + remote (as if the `--prune` option was given on the command line). Overrides `fetch.prune` settings, if any. remotes.<group>:: @@ -2103,6 +2178,13 @@ repack.usedeltabaseoffset:: "false" and repack. Access from old Git versions over the native protocol are unaffected by this option. +repack.packKeptObjects:: + If set to true, makes `git repack` act as if + `--pack-kept-objects` was passed. See linkgit:git-repack[1] for + details. Defaults to `false` normally, but `true` if a bitmap + index is being written (either via `--write-bitmap-index` or + `pack.writeBitmaps`). + rerere.autoupdate:: When set to true, `git-rerere` updates the index with the resulting contents after it cleanly resolves conflicts using @@ -2221,7 +2303,7 @@ status.submodulesummary:: submodules when `diff.ignoreSubmodules` is set to 'all' or only for those submodules where `submodule.<name>.ignore=all`. To also view the summary for ignored submodules you can either use - the --ignore-submodules=dirty command line option or the 'git + the --ignore-submodules=dirty command-line option or the 'git submodule summary' command, which shows a similar output but does not honor these settings. @@ -2243,7 +2325,7 @@ submodule.<name>.branch:: submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules:: This option can be used to control recursive fetching of this submodule. It can be overridden by using the --[no-]recurse-submodules - command line option to "git fetch" and "git pull". + command-line option to "git fetch" and "git pull". This setting will override that from in the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file. @@ -2283,6 +2365,13 @@ transfer.unpackLimit:: not set, the value of this variable is used instead. The default value is 100. +uploadarchive.allowUnreachable:: + If true, allow clients to use `git archive --remote` to request + any tree, whether reachable from the ref tips or not. See the + discussion in the `SECURITY` section of + linkgit:git-upload-archive[1] for more details. Defaults to + `false`. + uploadpack.hiderefs:: String(s) `upload-pack` uses to decide which refs to omit from its initial advertisement. Use more than one diff --git a/Documentation/diff-config.txt b/Documentation/diff-config.txt index 223b931..b001779 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-config.txt @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ diff.ignoreSubmodules:: this setting when reporting uncommitted changes. Setting it to 'all' disables the submodule summary normally shown by 'git commit' and 'git status' when 'status.submodulesummary' is set unless it is - overridden by using the --ignore-submodules command line option. + overridden by using the --ignore-submodules command-line option. The 'git submodule' commands are not affected by this setting. diff.mnemonicprefix:: @@ -98,6 +98,11 @@ diff.mnemonicprefix:: diff.noprefix:: If set, 'git diff' does not show any source or destination prefix. +diff.orderfile:: + File indicating how to order files within a diff, using + one shell glob pattern per line. + Can be overridden by the '-O' option to linkgit:git-diff[1]. + diff.renameLimit:: The number of files to consider when performing the copy/rename detection; equivalent to the 'git diff' option '-l'. diff --git a/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt b/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt index 55f499a..843a20b 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt @@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ added, from the point of view of that parent). In the above example output, the function signature was changed from both files (hence two `-` removals from both file1 and file2, plus `++` to mean one line that was added does not appear -in either file1 nor file2). Also eight other lines are the same +in either file1 or file2). Also eight other lines are the same from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with `+`). When shown by `git diff-tree -c`, it compares the parents of a diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt index bbed2cd..6cb083a 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt @@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ endif::git-log[] --irreversible-delete:: Omit the preimage for deletes, i.e. print only the header but not the diff between the preimage and `/dev/null`. The resulting patch - is not meant to be applied with `patch` nor `git apply`; this is + is not meant to be applied with `patch` or `git apply`; this is solely for people who want to just concentrate on reviewing the text after the change. In addition, the output obviously lack enough information to apply such a patch in reverse, even manually, @@ -432,6 +432,9 @@ endif::git-format-patch[] -O<orderfile>:: Output the patch in the order specified in the <orderfile>, which has one shell glob pattern per line. + This overrides the `diff.orderfile` configuration variable + (see linkgit:git-config[1]). To cancel `diff.orderfile`, + use `-O/dev/null`. ifndef::git-format-patch[] -R:: diff --git a/Documentation/everyday.txt b/Documentation/everyday.txt index 2a18c1f..b2548ef 100644 --- a/Documentation/everyday.txt +++ b/Documentation/everyday.txt @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ that are not quite ready. <5> create topic branch as needed and apply, again with my sign-offs. <6> rebase internal topic branch that has not been merged to the -master, nor exposed as a part of a stable branch. +master or exposed as a part of a stable branch. <7> restart `pu` every time from the next. <8> and bundle topic branches still cooking. <9> backport a critical fix. diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt index ba1fe49..92c68c3 100644 --- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt @@ -14,8 +14,18 @@ branch history. Tags for the deepened commits are not fetched. --unshallow:: - Convert a shallow repository to a complete one, removing all - the limitations imposed by shallow repositories. + If the source repository is complete, convert a shallow + repository to a complete one, removing all the limitations + imposed by shallow repositories. ++ +If the source repository is shallow, fetch as much as possible so that +the current repository has the same history as the source repository. + +--update-shallow:: + By default when fetching from a shallow repository, + `git fetch` refuses refs that require updating + .git/shallow. This option updates .git/shallow and accept such + refs. ifndef::git-pull[] --dry-run:: @@ -41,17 +51,20 @@ ifndef::git-pull[] -p:: --prune:: - After fetching, remove any remote-tracking branches which - no longer exist on the remote. + After fetching, remove any remote-tracking references that no + longer exist on the remote. Tags are not subject to pruning + if they are fetched only because of the default tag + auto-following or due to a --tags option. However, if tags + are fetched due to an explicit refspec (either on the command + line or in the remote configuration, for example if the remote + was cloned with the --mirror option), then they are also + subject to pruning. endif::git-pull[] -ifdef::git-pull[] ---no-tags:: -endif::git-pull[] ifndef::git-pull[] -n:: ---no-tags:: endif::git-pull[] +--no-tags:: By default, tags that point at objects that are downloaded from the remote repository are fetched and stored locally. This option disables this automatic tag following. The default @@ -61,11 +74,12 @@ endif::git-pull[] ifndef::git-pull[] -t:: --tags:: - This is a short-hand for giving `refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*` - refspec from the command line, to ask all tags to be fetched - and stored locally. Because this acts as an explicit - refspec, the default refspecs (configured with the - remote.$name.fetch variable) are overridden and not used. + Fetch all tags from the remote (i.e., fetch remote tags + `refs/tags/*` into local tags with the same name), in addition + to whatever else would otherwise be fetched. Using this + option alone does not subject tags to pruning, even if --prune + is used (though tags may be pruned anyway if they are also the + destination of an explicit refspec; see '--prune'). --recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]:: This option controls if and under what conditions new commits of diff --git a/Documentation/git-add.txt b/Documentation/git-add.txt index 48754cb..9631526 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-add.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-add.txt @@ -53,8 +53,14 @@ OPTIONS Files to add content from. Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can be given to add all matching files. Also a leading directory name (e.g. `dir` to add `dir/file1` - and `dir/file2`) can be given to add all files in the - directory, recursively. + and `dir/file2`) can be given to update the index to + match the current state of the directory as a whole (e.g. + specifying `dir` will record not just a file `dir/file1` + modified in the working tree, a file `dir/file2` added to + the working tree, but also a file `dir/file3` removed from + the working tree. Note that older versions of Git used + to ignore removed files; use `--no-all` option if you want + to add modified or new files but ignore removed ones. -n:: --dry-run:: @@ -104,10 +110,10 @@ apply to the index. See EDITING PATCHES below. <pathspec>. This removes as well as modifies index entries to match the working tree, but adds no new files. + -If no <pathspec> is given, the current version of Git defaults to -"."; in other words, update all tracked files in the current directory -and its subdirectories. This default will change in a future version -of Git, hence the form without <pathspec> should not be used. +If no <pathspec> is given when `-u` option is used, all +tracked files in the entire working tree are updated (old versions +of Git used to limit the update to the current directory and its +subdirectories). -A:: --all:: @@ -117,10 +123,10 @@ of Git, hence the form without <pathspec> should not be used. entry. This adds, modifies, and removes index entries to match the working tree. + -If no <pathspec> is given, the current version of Git defaults to -"."; in other words, update all files in the current directory -and its subdirectories. This default will change in a future version -of Git, hence the form without <pathspec> should not be used. +If no <pathspec> is given when `-A` option is used, all +files in the entire working tree are updated (old versions +of Git used to limit the update to the current directory and its +subdirectories). --no-all:: --ignore-removal:: @@ -129,11 +135,9 @@ of Git, hence the form without <pathspec> should not be used. files that have been removed from the working tree. This option is a no-op when no <pathspec> is used. + -This option is primarily to help the current users of Git, whose -"git add <pathspec>..." ignores removed files. In future versions -of Git, "git add <pathspec>..." will be a synonym to "git add -A -<pathspec>..." and "git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>..." will behave like -today's "git add <pathspec>...", ignoring removed files. +This option is primarily to help users who are used to older +versions of Git, whose "git add <pathspec>..." was a synonym +for "git add --no-all <pathspec>...", i.e. ignored removed files. -N:: --intent-to-add:: @@ -296,9 +300,9 @@ patch:: y - stage this hunk n - do not stage this hunk - q - quit; do not stage this hunk nor any of the remaining ones + q - quit; do not stage this hunk or any of the remaining ones a - stage this hunk and all later hunks in the file - d - do not stage this hunk nor any of the later hunks in the file + d - do not stage this hunk or any of the later hunks in the file g - select a hunk to go to / - search for a hunk matching the given regex j - leave this hunk undecided, see next undecided hunk diff --git a/Documentation/git-am.txt b/Documentation/git-am.txt index 54d8461..9adce37 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-am.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-am.txt @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [--ignore-date] [--ignore-space-change | --ignore-whitespace] [--whitespace=<option>] [-C<n>] [-p<n>] [--directory=<dir>] [--exclude=<path>] [--include=<path>] [--reject] [-q | --quiet] - [--[no-]scissors] + [--[no-]scissors] [-S[<keyid>]] [--patch-format=<format>] [(<mbox> | <Maildir>)...] 'git am' (--continue | --skip | --abort) @@ -97,6 +97,12 @@ default. You can use `--no-utf8` to override this. program that applies the patch. +--patch-format:: + By default the command will try to detect the patch format + automatically. This option allows the user to bypass the automatic + detection and specify the patch format that the patch(es) should be + interpreted as. Valid formats are mbox, stgit, stgit-series and hg. + -i:: --interactive:: Run interactively. @@ -119,6 +125,10 @@ default. You can use `--no-utf8` to override this. Skip the current patch. This is only meaningful when restarting an aborted patch. +-S[<keyid>]:: +--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]:: + GPG-sign commits. + --continue:: -r:: --resolved:: @@ -189,6 +199,11 @@ commits, like running 'git am' on the wrong branch or an error in the commits that is more easily fixed by changing the mailbox (e.g. errors in the "From:" lines). +HOOKS +----- +This command can run `applypatch-msg`, `pre-applypatch`, +and `post-applypatch` hooks. See linkgit:githooks[5] for more +information. SEE ALSO -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-archive.txt index b97aaab..cfa1e4e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-archive.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-archive.txt @@ -65,7 +65,10 @@ OPTIONS --remote=<repo>:: Instead of making a tar archive from the local repository, - retrieve a tar archive from a remote repository. + retrieve a tar archive from a remote repository. Note that the + remote repository may place restrictions on which sha1 + expressions may be allowed in `<tree-ish>`. See + linkgit:git-upload-archive[1] for details. --exec=<git-upload-archive>:: Used with --remote to specify the path to the diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt index f986c5c..4cb52a7 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ $ git bisect visualize `view` may also be used as a synonym for `visualize`. If the 'DISPLAY' environment variable is not set, 'git log' is used -instead. You can also give command line options such as `-p` and +instead. You can also give command-line options such as `-p` and `--stat`. ------------ diff --git a/Documentation/git-blame.txt b/Documentation/git-blame.txt index 8e70a61..9f23a86 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-blame.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-blame.txt @@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ Apart from supporting file annotation, Git also supports searching the development history for when a code snippet occurred in a change. This makes it possible to track when a code snippet was added to a file, moved or copied between files, and eventually deleted or replaced. It works by searching for -a text string in the diff. A small example: +a text string in the diff. A small example of the pickaxe interface +that searches for `blame_usage`: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ git log --pretty=oneline -S'blame_usage' diff --git a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt index 322f5ed..f6a16f4 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt @@ -109,6 +109,11 @@ newline. The available atoms are: The size, in bytes, that the object takes up on disk. See the note about on-disk sizes in the `CAVEATS` section below. +`deltabase`:: + If the object is stored as a delta on-disk, this expands to the + 40-hex sha1 of the delta base object. Otherwise, expands to the + null sha1 (40 zeroes). See `CAVEATS` below. + `rest`:: If this atom is used in the output string, input lines are split at the first whitespace boundary. All characters before that @@ -152,10 +157,11 @@ should be taken in drawing conclusions about which refs or objects are responsible for disk usage. The size of a packed non-delta object may be much larger than the size of objects which delta against it, but the choice of which object is the base and which is the delta is arbitrary -and is subject to change during a repack. Note also that multiple copies -of an object may be present in the object database; in this case, it is -undefined which copy's size will be reported. +and is subject to change during a repack. +Note also that multiple copies of an object may be present in the object +database; in this case, it is undefined which copy's size or delta base +will be reported. GIT --- diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt index 91294f8..33ad2ad 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt @@ -232,8 +232,8 @@ section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode. commit, your HEAD becomes "detached" and you are no longer on any branch (see below for details). + -As a special case, the `"@{-N}"` syntax for the N-th last branch -checks out the branch (instead of detaching). You may also specify +As a special case, the `"@{-N}"` syntax for the N-th last branch/commit +checks out branches (instead of detaching). You may also specify `-` which is synonymous with `"@{-1}"`. + As a further special case, you may use `"A...B"` as a shortcut for the diff --git a/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt b/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt index c205d23..1c03c79 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt @@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ git-cherry-pick - Apply the changes introduced by some existing commits SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git cherry-pick' [--edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] [-x] [--ff] <commit>... +'git cherry-pick' [--edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] [-x] [--ff] + [-S[<key-id>]] <commit>... 'git cherry-pick' --continue 'git cherry-pick' --quit 'git cherry-pick' --abort @@ -100,6 +101,10 @@ effect to your index in a row. --signoff:: Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message. +-S[<key-id>]:: +--gpg-sign[=<key-id>]:: + GPG-sign commits. + --ff:: If the current HEAD is the same as the parent of the cherry-pick'ed commit, then a fast forward to this commit will diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt index 450f158..0363d00 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt @@ -55,15 +55,12 @@ repository is specified as a URL, then this flag is ignored (and we never use the local optimizations). Specifying `--no-local` will override the default when `/path/to/repo` is given, using the regular Git transport instead. -+ -To force copying instead of hardlinking (which may be desirable if you -are trying to make a back-up of your repository), but still avoid the -usual "Git aware" transport mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used. --no-hardlinks:: - Optimize the cloning process from a repository on a - local filesystem by copying files under `.git/objects` - directory. + Force the cloning process from a repository on a local + filesystem to copy the files under the `.git/objects` + directory instead of using hardlinks. This may be desirable + if you are trying to make a back-up of your repository. --shared:: -s:: @@ -181,12 +178,7 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository. --depth <depth>:: Create a 'shallow' clone with a history truncated to the - specified number of revisions. A shallow repository has a - number of limitations (you cannot clone or fetch from - it, nor push from nor into it), but is adequate if you - are only interested in the recent history of a large project - with a long history, and would want to send in fixes - as patches. + specified number of revisions. --[no-]single-branch:: Clone only the history leading to the tip of a single branch, @@ -213,7 +205,7 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository. --separate-git-dir=<git dir>:: Instead of placing the cloned repository where it is supposed to be, place the cloned repository at the specified directory, - then make a filesytem-agnostic Git symbolic link to there. + then make a filesystem-agnostic Git symbolic link to there. The result is Git repository can be separated from working tree. diff --git a/Documentation/git-column.txt b/Documentation/git-column.txt index 5d6f1cc..03d1846 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-column.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-column.txt @@ -43,11 +43,6 @@ OPTIONS --padding=<N>:: The number of spaces between columns. One space by default. - -Author ------- -Written by Nguyen Thai Ngoc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com> - GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt index cafdc96..a469eab 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt @@ -55,8 +55,13 @@ OPTIONS from the standard input. -S[<keyid>]:: +--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]:: GPG-sign commit. +--no-gpg-sign:: + Countermand `commit.gpgsign` configuration variable that is + set to force each and every commit to be signed. + Commit Information ------------------ diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt index 1a7616c..0bbc8f5 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--reset-author] [--allow-empty] [--allow-empty-message] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>] [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--[no-]status] - [-i | -o] [-S[<keyid>]] [--] [<file>...] + [-i | -o] [-S[<key-id>]] [--] [<file>...] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ OPTIONS --cleanup=<mode>:: This option determines how the supplied commit message should be cleaned up before committing. The '<mode>' can be `strip`, - `whitespace`, `verbatim`, or `default`. + `whitespace`, `verbatim`, `scissors` or `default`. + -- strip:: @@ -186,6 +186,12 @@ whitespace:: Same as `strip` except #commentary is not removed. verbatim:: Do not change the message at all. +scissors:: + Same as `whitespace`, except that everything from (and + including) the line + "`# ------------------------ >8 ------------------------`" + is truncated if the message is to be edited. "`#`" can be + customized with core.commentChar. default:: Same as `strip` if the message is to be edited. Otherwise `whitespace`. @@ -302,6 +308,10 @@ configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1]. --gpg-sign[=<keyid>]:: GPG-sign commit. +--no-gpg-sign:: + Countermand `commit.gpgsign` configuration variable that is + set to force each and every commit to be signed. + \--:: Do not interpret any more arguments as options. diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt index e9917b8..9dfa1a5 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ All writing options will per default write to the repository specific configuration file. Note that this also affects options like '--replace-all' and '--unset'. *'git config' will only ever change one file at a time*. -You can override these rules either by command line options or by environment +You can override these rules either by command-line options or by environment variables. The '--global' and the '--system' options will limit the file used to the global or system-wide file respectively. The GIT_CONFIG environment variable has a similar effect, but you can specify any filename you want. diff --git a/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt index b300e84..2ff3568 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt @@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ size-pack: disk space consumed by the packs, in KiB (unless -H is specified) prune-packable: the number of loose objects that are also present in the packs. These objects could be pruned using `git prune-packed`. + -garbage: the number of files in object database that are not valid -loose objects nor valid packs +garbage: the number of files in object database that are neither valid loose +objects nor valid packs + size-garbage: disk space consumed by garbage files, in KiB (unless -H is specified) diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt index 2df9953..260f39f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt @@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ DESCRIPTION *WARNING:* `git cvsimport` uses cvsps version 2, which is considered deprecated; it does not work with cvsps version 3 and later. If you are performing a one-shot import of a CVS repository consider using -link:http://cvs2svn.tigris.org/cvs2git.html[cvs2git] or -link:https://github.com/BartMassey/parsecvs[parsecvs]. +http://cvs2svn.tigris.org/cvs2git.html[cvs2git] or +https://github.com/BartMassey/parsecvs[parsecvs]. Imports a CVS repository into Git. It will either create a new repository, or incrementally import into an existing one. diff --git a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt index 223f731..a69b361 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ Git configuration files in that directory are readable by `<user>`. --forbid-override=<service>:: Allow/forbid overriding the site-wide default with per repository configuration. By default, all the services - are overridable. + may be overridden. --[no-]informative-errors:: When informative errors are turned on, git-daemon will report @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ Git configuration files in that directory are readable by `<user>`. Every time a client connects, first run an external command specified by the <path> with service name (e.g. "upload-pack"), path to the repository, hostname (%H), canonical hostname - (%CH), ip address (%IP), and tcp port (%P) as its command line + (%CH), IP address (%IP), and TCP port (%P) as its command-line arguments. The external command can decide to decline the service by exiting with a non-zero status (or to allow it by exiting with a zero status). It can also look at the $REMOTE_ADDR @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ SERVICES -------- These services can be globally enabled/disabled using the -command line options of this command. If a finer-grained +command-line options of this command. If finer-grained control is desired (e.g. to allow 'git archive' to be run against only in a few selected repositories the daemon serves), the per-repository configuration file can be used to enable or diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff.txt b/Documentation/git-diff.txt index 33fbd8c..bbab35f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-diff.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-diff.txt @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ two blob objects, or changes between two files on disk. commit relative to the named <commit>. Typically you would want comparison with the latest commit, so if you do not give <commit>, it defaults to HEAD. - If HEAD does not exist (e.g. unborned branches) and + If HEAD does not exist (e.g. unborn branches) and <commit> is not given, it shows all staged changes. --staged is a synonym of --cached. @@ -158,8 +158,8 @@ $ git diff --name-status <2> $ git diff arch/i386 include/asm-i386 <3> ------------ + -<1> Show only modification, rename and copy, but not addition -nor deletion. +<1> Show only modification, rename, and copy, but not addition +or deletion. <2> Show only names and the nature of change, but not actual diff output. <3> Limit diff output to named subtrees. diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt index fd22a9a..3ffa2fa 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ Date Formats ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The following date formats are supported. A frontend should select the format it will use for this import by passing the format name -in the \--date-format=<fmt> command line option. +in the \--date-format=<fmt> command-line option. `raw`:: This is the Git native format and is `<time> SP <offutc>`. @@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ and control the current import process. More detailed discussion `done`:: Marks the end of the stream. This command is optional unless the `done` feature was requested using the - `--done` command line option or `feature done` command. + `--done` command-line option or `feature done` command. `cat-blob`:: Causes fast-import to print a blob in 'cat-file --batch' @@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ the email address from the other fields in the line. Note that of bytes, except `LT`, `GT` and `LF`. `<name>` is typically UTF-8 encoded. The time of the change is specified by `<when>` using the date format -that was selected by the \--date-format=<fmt> command line option. +that was selected by the \--date-format=<fmt> command-line option. See ``Date Formats'' above for the set of supported formats, and their syntax. @@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ Option commands must be the first commands on the input (not counting feature commands), to give an option command after any non-option command is an error. -The following commandline options change import semantics and may therefore +The following command-line options change import semantics and may therefore not be passed as option: * date-format @@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ not be passed as option: If the `done` feature is not in use, treated as if EOF was read. This can be used to tell fast-import to finish early. -If the `--done` command line option or `feature done` command is +If the `--done` command-line option or `feature done` command is in use, the `done` command is mandatory and marks the end of the stream. diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt index e08a028..5809aa4 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt @@ -24,19 +24,22 @@ The ref names and their object names of fetched refs are stored in `.git/FETCH_HEAD`. This information is left for a later merge operation done by 'git merge'. -When <refspec> stores the fetched result in remote-tracking branches, -the tags that point at these branches are automatically -followed. This is done by first fetching from the remote using -the given <refspec>s, and if the repository has objects that are -pointed by remote tags that it does not yet have, then fetch -those missing tags. If the other end has tags that point at -branches you are not interested in, you will not get them. +By default, tags are auto-followed. This means that when fetching +from a remote, any tags on the remote that point to objects that exist +in the local repository are fetched. The effect is to fetch tags that +point at branches that you are interested in. This default behavior +can be changed by using the --tags or --no-tags options, by +configuring remote.<name>.tagopt, or by using a refspec that fetches +tags explicitly. 'git fetch' can fetch from either a single named repository, or from several repositories at once if <group> is given and there is a remotes.<group> entry in the configuration file. (See linkgit:git-config[1]). +When no remote is specified, by default the `origin` remote will be used, +unless there's an upstream branch configured for the current branch. + OPTIONS ------- include::fetch-options.txt[] diff --git a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt index e4c8e82..09535f2 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt @@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ git filter-branch --index-filter \ Checklist for Shrinking a Repository ------------------------------------ -git-filter-branch is often used to get rid of a subset of files, +git-filter-branch can be used to get rid of a subset of files, usually with some combination of `--index-filter` and `--subdirectory-filter`. People expect the resulting repository to be smaller than the original, but you need a few more steps to @@ -429,6 +429,37 @@ warned. (or if your git-gc is not new enough to support arguments to `--prune`, use `git repack -ad; git prune` instead). +Notes +----- + +git-filter-branch allows you to make complex shell-scripted rewrites +of your Git history, but you probably don't need this flexibility if +you're simply _removing unwanted data_ like large files or passwords. +For those operations you may want to consider +http://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/[The BFG Repo-Cleaner], +a JVM-based alternative to git-filter-branch, typically at least +10-50x faster for those use-cases, and with quite different +characteristics: + +* Any particular version of a file is cleaned exactly _once_. The BFG, + unlike git-filter-branch, does not give you the opportunity to + handle a file differently based on where or when it was committed + within your history. This constraint gives the core performance + benefit of The BFG, and is well-suited to the task of cleansing bad + data - you don't care _where_ the bad data is, you just want it + _gone_. + +* By default The BFG takes full advantage of multi-core machines, + cleansing commit file-trees in parallel. git-filter-branch cleans + commits sequentially (ie in a single-threaded manner), though it + _is_ possible to write filters that include their own parallellism, + in the scripts executed against each commit. + +* The http://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/#examples[command options] + are much more restrictive than git-filter branch, and dedicated just + to the tasks of removing unwanted data- e.g: + `--strip-blobs-bigger-than 1M`. + GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt index f2e08d1..4240875 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt @@ -91,7 +91,19 @@ objectname:: upstream:: The name of a local ref which can be considered ``upstream'' from the displayed ref. Respects `:short` in the same way as - `refname` above. + `refname` above. Additionally respects `:track` to show + "[ahead N, behind M]" and `:trackshort` to show the terse + version: ">" (ahead), "<" (behind), "<>" (ahead and behind), + or "=" (in sync). Has no effect if the ref does not have + tracking information associated with it. + +HEAD:: + '*' if HEAD matches current ref (the checked out branch), ' ' + otherwise. + +color:: + Change output color. Followed by `:<colorname>`, where names + are described in `color.branch.*`. In addition to the above, for commit and tag objects, the header field names (`tree`, `parent`, `object`, `type`, and `tag`) can @@ -207,13 +219,9 @@ eval=`git for-each-ref --shell --format="$fmt" \ eval "$eval" ------------ -Author ------- -Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>. - -Documentation -------------- -Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkgit:git-show-ref[1] GIT --- diff --git a/Documentation/git-gc.txt b/Documentation/git-gc.txt index e158a3b..273c466 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-gc.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-gc.txt @@ -124,6 +124,9 @@ the value, the more time is spent optimizing the delta compression. See the documentation for the --window' option in linkgit:git-repack[1] for more details. This defaults to 250. +Similarly, the optional configuration variable 'gc.aggressiveDepth' +controls --depth option in linkgit:git-repack[1]. This defaults to 250. + The optional configuration variable 'gc.pruneExpire' controls how old the unreferenced loose objects have to be before they are pruned. The default is "2 weeks ago". diff --git a/Documentation/git-grep.txt b/Documentation/git-grep.txt index f837334..31811f1 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-grep.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-grep.txt @@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ grep.extendedRegexp:: option is ignored when the 'grep.patternType' option is set to a value other than 'default'. +grep.fullName:: + If set to true, enable '--full-name' option by default. + OPTIONS ------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-help.txt b/Documentation/git-help.txt index b21e9d7..3956525 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-help.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-help.txt @@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ CONFIGURATION VARIABLES help.format ~~~~~~~~~~~ -If no command line option is passed, the 'help.format' configuration +If no command-line option is passed, the 'help.format' configuration variable will be checked. The following values are supported for this -variable; they make 'git help' behave as their corresponding command +variable; they make 'git help' behave as their corresponding command- line option: * "man" corresponds to '-m|--man', @@ -93,15 +93,15 @@ help.browser, web.browser and browser.<tool>.path ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The 'help.browser', 'web.browser' and 'browser.<tool>.path' will also -be checked if the 'web' format is chosen (either by command line +be checked if the 'web' format is chosen (either by command-line option or configuration variable). See '-w|--web' in the OPTIONS section above and linkgit:git-web{litdd}browse[1]. man.viewer ~~~~~~~~~~ -The 'man.viewer' config variable will be checked if the 'man' format -is chosen. The following values are currently supported: +The 'man.viewer' configuration variable will be checked if the 'man' +format is chosen. The following values are currently supported: * "man": use the 'man' program as usual, * "woman": use 'emacsclient' to launch the "woman" mode in emacs @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ For example, this configuration: viewer = woman ------------------------------------------------ -will try to use konqueror first. But this may fail (for example if +will try to use konqueror first. But this may fail (for example, if DISPLAY is not set) and in that case emacs' woman mode will be tried. If everything fails, or if no viewer is configured, the viewer specified diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt b/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt index e3bcdb5..d422ba4 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/ ---------------------------------------------------------------- Lighttpd:: - Ensure that `mod_cgi`, `mod_alias, `mod_auth`, `mod_setenv` are + Ensure that `mod_cgi`, `mod_alias`, `mod_auth`, `mod_setenv` are loaded, then set `GIT_PROJECT_ROOT` appropriately and redirect all requests to the CGI: + @@ -263,14 +263,6 @@ identifying information of the remote user who performed the push. All CGI environment variables are available to each of the hooks invoked by the 'git-receive-pack'. -Author ------- -Written by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>. - -Documentation --------------- -Documentation by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>. - GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt b/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt deleted file mode 100644 index d549328..0000000 --- a/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,74 +0,0 @@ -git-lost-found(1) -================= - -NAME ----- -git-lost-found - Recover lost refs that luckily have not yet been pruned - -SYNOPSIS --------- -[verse] -'git lost-found' - -DESCRIPTION ------------ - -*NOTE*: this command is deprecated. Use linkgit:git-fsck[1] with -the option '--lost-found' instead. - -Finds dangling commits and tags from the object database, and -creates refs to them in the .git/lost-found/ directory. Commits and -tags that dereference to commits are stored in .git/lost-found/commit, -and other objects are stored in .git/lost-found/other. - - -OUTPUT ------- -Prints to standard output the object names and one-line descriptions -of any commits or tags found. - -EXAMPLE -------- - -Suppose you run 'git tag -f' and mistype the tag to overwrite. -The ref to your tag is overwritten, but until you run 'git -prune', the tag itself is still there. - ------------- -$ git lost-found -[1ef2b196d909eed523d4f3c9bf54b78cdd6843c6] GIT 0.99.9c -... ------------- - -Also you can use gitk to browse how any tags found relate to each -other. - ------------- -$ gitk $(cd .git/lost-found/commit && echo ??*) ------------- - -After making sure you know which the object is the tag you are looking -for, you can reconnect it to your regular `refs` hierarchy by using -the `update-ref` command. - ------------- -$ git cat-file -t 1ef2b196 -tag -$ git cat-file tag 1ef2b196 -object fa41bbce8e38c67a218415de6cfa510c7e50032a -type commit -tag v0.99.9c -tagger Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> 1131059594 -0800 - -GIT 0.99.9c - -This contains the following changes from the "master" branch, since -... -$ git update-ref refs/tags/not-lost-anymore 1ef2b196 -$ git rev-parse not-lost-anymore -1ef2b196d909eed523d4f3c9bf54b78cdd6843c6 ------------- - -GIT ---- -Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt index c0856a6..e26f01f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt @@ -185,15 +185,15 @@ specifies the format of exclude patterns. These exclude patterns come from these places, in order: - 1. The command line flag --exclude=<pattern> specifies a + 1. The command-line flag --exclude=<pattern> specifies a single pattern. Patterns are ordered in the same order they appear in the command line. - 2. The command line flag --exclude-from=<file> specifies a + 2. The command-line flag --exclude-from=<file> specifies a file containing a list of patterns. Patterns are ordered in the same order they appear in the file. - 3. The command line flag --exclude-per-directory=<name> specifies + 3. The command-line flag --exclude-per-directory=<name> specifies a name of the file in each directory 'git ls-files' examines, normally `.gitignore`. Files in deeper directories take precedence. Patterns are ordered in the diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt index 87842e3..808426f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git merge-base' [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>... 'git merge-base' --is-ancestor <commit> <commit> 'git merge-base' --independent <commit>... +'git merge-base' --fork-point <ref> [<commit>] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -24,8 +25,8 @@ that does not have any better common ancestor is a 'best common ancestor', i.e. a 'merge base'. Note that there can be more than one merge base for a pair of commits. -OPERATION MODE --------------- +OPERATION MODES +--------------- As the most common special case, specifying only two commits on the command line means computing the merge base between the given two commits. @@ -56,6 +57,14 @@ from linkgit:git-show-branch[1] when used with the `--merge-base` option. and exit with status 0 if true, or with status 1 if not. Errors are signaled by a non-zero status that is not 1. +--fork-point:: + Find the point at which a branch (or any history that leads + to <commit>) forked from another branch (or any reference) + <ref>. This does not just look for the common ancestor of + the two commits, but also takes into account the reflog of + <ref> to see if the history leading to <commit> forked from + an earlier incarnation of the branch <ref> (see discussion + on this mode below). OPTIONS ------- @@ -137,6 +146,31 @@ In modern git, you can say this in a more direct way: instead. +Discussion on fork-point mode +----------------------------- + +After working on the `topic` branch created with `git checkout -b +topic origin/master`, the history of remote-tracking branch +`origin/master` may have been rewound and rebuilt, leading to a +history of this shape: + + o---B1 + / + ---o---o---B2--o---o---o---B (origin/master) + \ + B3 + \ + Derived (topic) + +where `origin/master` used to point at commits B3, B2, B1 and now it +points at B, and your `topic` branch was started on top of it back +when `origin/master` was at B3. This mode uses the reflog of +`origin/master` to find B3 as the fork point, so that the `topic` +can be rebased on top of the updated `origin/master` by: + + $ fork_point=$(git merge-base --fork-point origin/master topic) + $ git rebase --onto origin/master $fork_point topic + See also -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt index 4395459..cf2c374 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git merge' [-n] [--stat] [--no-commit] [--squash] [--[no-]edit] - [-s <strategy>] [-X <strategy-option>] [-S[<keyid>]] + [-s <strategy>] [-X <strategy-option>] [-S[<key-id>]] [--[no-]rerere-autoupdate] [-m <msg>] [<commit>...] 'git merge' <msg> HEAD <commit>... 'git merge' --abort @@ -101,9 +101,8 @@ commit or stash your changes before running 'git merge'. Specifying more than one commit will create a merge with more than two parents (affectionately called an Octopus merge). + -If no commit is given from the command line, and if `merge.defaultToUpstream` -configuration variable is set, merge the remote-tracking branches -that the current branch is configured to use as its upstream. +If no commit is given from the command line, merge the remote-tracking +branches that the current branch is configured to use as its upstream. See also the configuration section of this manual page. diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt index 07137f2..e846c2e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt @@ -71,11 +71,13 @@ success of the resolution after the custom tool has exited. --no-prompt:: Don't prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution program. + This is the default if the merge resolution program is + explicitly specified with the `--tool` option or with the + `merge.tool` configuration variable. --prompt:: - Prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution program. - This is the default behaviour; the option is provided to - override any configuration settings. + Prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution program + to give the user a chance to skip the path. TEMPORARY FILES --------------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-mv.txt b/Documentation/git-mv.txt index b1f7988..e453132 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-mv.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-mv.txt @@ -52,6 +52,18 @@ core.worktree setting to make the submodule work in the new location. It also will attempt to update the submodule.<name>.path setting in the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file and stage that file (unless -n is used). +BUGS +---- +Each time a superproject update moves a populated submodule (e.g. when +switching between commits before and after the move) a stale submodule +checkout will remain in the old location and an empty directory will +appear in the new location. To populate the submodule again in the new +location the user will have to run "git submodule update" +afterwards. Removing the old directory is only safe when it uses a +gitfile, as otherwise the history of the submodule will be deleted +too. Both steps will be obsolete when recursive submodule update has +been implemented. + GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-notes.txt b/Documentation/git-notes.txt index 46ef046..310f0a5 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-notes.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-notes.txt @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git notes' append [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>] 'git notes' edit [<object>] 'git notes' show [<object>] -'git notes' merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref> +'git notes' merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes-ref> 'git notes' merge --commit [-v | -q] 'git notes' merge --abort [-v | -q] 'git notes' remove [--ignore-missing] [--stdin] [<object>...] @@ -375,16 +375,6 @@ does not match any refs is silently ignored. If not set in the environment, the list of notes to copy depends on the `notes.rewrite.<command>` and `notes.rewriteRef` settings. - -Author ------- -Written by Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> and -Johan Herland <johan@herland.net> - -Documentation -------------- -Documentation by Johannes Schindelin and Johan Herland - GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-p4.txt b/Documentation/git-p4.txt index 8cba16d..6ab5f94 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-p4.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-p4.txt @@ -168,7 +168,8 @@ All commands except clone accept these options. --git-dir <dir>:: Set the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable. See linkgit:git[1]. ---verbose, -v:: +-v:: +--verbose:: Provide more progress information. Sync options @@ -279,7 +280,8 @@ These options can be used to modify 'git p4 submit' behavior. Export tags from Git as p4 labels. Tags found in Git are applied to the perforce working directory. ---dry-run, -n:: +-n:: +--dry-run:: Show just what commits would be submitted to p4; do not change state in Git or p4. diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt index d94edcd..d2d8f47 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt @@ -51,8 +51,7 @@ base-name:: <base-name> to determine the name of the created file. When this option is used, the two files are written in <base-name>-<SHA-1>.{pack,idx} files. <SHA-1> is a hash - of the sorted object names to make the resulting filename - based on the pack content, and written to the standard + based on the pack content and is written to the standard output of the command. --stdout:: @@ -65,6 +64,8 @@ base-name:: the same way as 'git rev-list' with the `--objects` flag uses its `commit` arguments to build the list of objects it outputs. The objects on the resulting list are packed. + Besides revisions, `--not` or `--shallow <SHA-1>` lines are + also accepted. --unpacked:: This implies `--revs`. When processing the list of diff --git a/Documentation/git-peek-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-peek-remote.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 87ea3fb..0000000 --- a/Documentation/git-peek-remote.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -git-peek-remote(1) -================== - -NAME ----- -git-peek-remote - List the references in a remote repository - - -SYNOPSIS --------- -[verse] -'git peek-remote' [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [<host>:]<directory> - -DESCRIPTION ------------ -This command is deprecated; use 'git ls-remote' instead. - -OPTIONS -------- ---upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>:: - Use this to specify the path to 'git-upload-pack' on the - remote side, if it is not found on your $PATH. Some - installations of sshd ignores the user's environment - setup scripts for login shells (e.g. .bash_profile) and - your privately installed git may not be found on the system - default $PATH. Another workaround suggested is to set - up your $PATH in ".bashrc", but this flag is for people - who do not want to pay the overhead for non-interactive - shells, but prefer having a lean .bashrc file (they set most of - the things up in .bash_profile). - -<host>:: - A remote host that houses the repository. When this - part is specified, 'git-upload-pack' is invoked via - ssh. - -<directory>:: - The repository to sync from. - - -GIT ---- -Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune.txt b/Documentation/git-prune.txt index bf82410..7a493c8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-prune.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-prune.txt @@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ objects unreachable from any of these head objects from the object database. In addition, it prunes the unpacked objects that are also found in packs by running 'git prune-packed'. +It also removes entries from .git/shallow that are not reachable by +any ref. Note that unreachable, packed objects will remain. If this is not desired, see linkgit:git-repack[1]. @@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ OPTIONS EXAMPLE ------- -To prune objects not used by your repository nor another that +To prune objects not used by your repository or another that borrows from your repository via its `.git/objects/info/alternates`: diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt index 9eec740..21cd455 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-push.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt @@ -56,8 +56,13 @@ it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as `master~4` or + The <dst> tells which ref on the remote side is updated with this push. Arbitrary expressions cannot be used here, an actual ref must -be named. If `:`<dst> is omitted, the same ref as <src> will be -updated. +be named. +If `git push [<repository>]` without any `<refspec>` argument is set to +update some ref at the destination with `<src>` with +`remote.<repository>.push` configuration variable, `:<dst>` part can +be omitted---such a push will update a ref that `<src>` normally updates +without any `<refspec>` on the command line. Otherwise, missing +`:<dst>` means to update the same ref as the `<src>`. + The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference on the remote side. By default this is only allowed if <dst> is not @@ -78,8 +83,8 @@ the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name already exists on the remote side. --all:: - Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all - refs under `refs/heads/` be pushed. + Push all branches (i.e. refs under `refs/heads/`); cannot be + used with other <refspec>. --prune:: Remove remote branches that don't have a local counterpart. For example @@ -380,7 +385,7 @@ will now start building on top of B. The command by default does not allow an update that is not a fast-forward to prevent such loss of history. -If you do not want to lose your work (history from X to B) nor the work by +If you do not want to lose your work (history from X to B) or the work by the other person (history from X to A), you would need to first fetch the history from the repository, create a history that contains changes done by both parties, and push the result back. @@ -437,8 +442,10 @@ Examples configured for the current branch). `git push origin`:: - Without additional configuration, works like - `git push origin :`. + Without additional configuration, pushes the current branch to + the configured upstream (`remote.origin.merge` configuration + variable) if it has the same name as the current branch, and + errors out without pushing otherwise. + The default behavior of this command when no <refspec> is given can be configured by setting the `push` option of the remote, or the `push.default` diff --git a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt index c4bde65..fa1d557 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ OPTIONS -n:: --dry-run:: Check if the command would error out, without updating the index - nor the files in the working tree for real. + or the files in the working tree for real. -v:: Show the progress of checking files out. @@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ merge. The different stages represent the "result tree" (stage 0, aka you are trying to merge (stage 2 and 3 respectively). The order of stages 1, 2 and 3 (hence the order of three -<tree-ish> command line arguments) are significant when you +<tree-ish> command-line arguments) are significant when you start a 3-way merge with an index file that is already populated. Here is an outline of how the algorithm works: diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt index 94e07fd..2a93c64 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt @@ -281,6 +281,10 @@ which makes little sense. specified, `-s recursive`. Note the reversal of 'ours' and 'theirs' as noted above for the `-m` option. +-S[<keyid>]:: +--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]:: + GPG-sign commits. + -q:: --quiet:: Be quiet. Implies --no-stat. @@ -324,6 +328,16 @@ fresh commits so it can be remerged successfully without needing to "revert the reversion" (see the link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details). +--fork-point:: +--no-fork-point:: + Use 'git merge-base --fork-point' to find a better common ancestor + between `upstream` and `branch` when calculating which commits have + have been introduced by `branch` (see linkgit:git-merge-base[1]). ++ +If no non-option arguments are given on the command line, then the default is +`--fork-point @{u}` otherwise the `upstream` argument is interpreted literally +unless the `--fork-point` option is specified. + --ignore-whitespace:: --whitespace=<option>:: These flag are passed to the 'git apply' program diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt index 8cfc748..cd0bb77 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt @@ -116,11 +116,6 @@ begins with `ext::`. Examples: determined by the helper using environment variables (see above). -Documentation --------------- -Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara, Jonathan Nieder and the Git list -<git@vger.kernel.org> - GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt index 933c2ad..bcd3766 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt @@ -50,10 +50,6 @@ EXAMPLES `git push fd::7,8/bar master`:: Same as above. -Documentation --------------- -Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara and the Git list <git@vger.kernel.org> - GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-remote.txt index 2507c8b..cb103c8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-remote.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-remote.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-remote(1) NAME ---- -git-remote - manage set of tracked repositories +git-remote - Manage set of tracked repositories SYNOPSIS diff --git a/Documentation/git-repack.txt b/Documentation/git-repack.txt index 509cf73..4786a78 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-repack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-repack.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-repack - Pack unpacked objects in a repository SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git repack' [-a] [-A] [-d] [-f] [-F] [-l] [-n] [-q] [--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>] +'git repack' [-a] [-A] [-d] [-f] [-F] [-l] [-n] [-q] [-b] [--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -110,6 +110,21 @@ other objects in that pack they already have locally. The default is unlimited, unless the config variable `pack.packSizeLimit` is set. +-b:: +--write-bitmap-index:: + Write a reachability bitmap index as part of the repack. This + only makes sense when used with `-a` or `-A`, as the bitmaps + must be able to refer to all reachable objects. This option + overrides the setting of `pack.writebitmaps`. + +--pack-kept-objects:: + Include objects in `.keep` files when repacking. Note that we + still do not delete `.keep` packs after `pack-objects` finishes. + This means that we may duplicate objects, but this makes the + option safe to use when there are concurrent pushes or fetches. + This option is generally only useful if you are writing bitmaps + with `-b` or `pack.writebitmaps`, as it ensures that the + bitmapped packfile has the necessary objects. Configuration ------------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-replace.txt b/Documentation/git-replace.txt index f373ab4..0a02f70 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-replace.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-replace.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [verse] 'git replace' [-f] <object> <replacement> 'git replace' -d <object>... -'git replace' -l [<pattern>] +'git replace' [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -70,6 +70,23 @@ OPTIONS Typing "git replace" without arguments, also lists all replace refs. +--format=<format>:: + When listing, use the specified <format>, which can be one of + 'short', 'medium' and 'long'. When omitted, the format + defaults to 'short'. + +FORMATS +------- + +The following format are available: + +* 'short': + <replaced sha1> +* 'medium': + <replaced sha1> -> <replacement sha1> +* 'long': + <replaced sha1> (<replaced type>) -> <replacement sha1> (<replacement type>) + CREATING REPLACEMENT OBJECTS ---------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-repo-config.txt b/Documentation/git-repo-config.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 9ec115b..0000000 --- a/Documentation/git-repo-config.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -git-repo-config(1) -================== - -NAME ----- -git-repo-config - Get and set repository or global options - - -SYNOPSIS --------- -[verse] -'git repo-config' ... - - -DESCRIPTION ------------ - -This is a synonym for linkgit:git-config[1]. Please refer to the -documentation of that command. - -GIT ---- -Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt index b99681c..283577b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt @@ -13,22 +13,65 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -Summarizes the changes between two commits to the standard output, and includes -the given URL in the generated summary. +Generate a request asking your upstream project to pull changes into +their tree. The request, printed to the standard output, summarizes +the changes and indicates from where they can be pulled. + +The upstream project is expected to have the commit named by +`<start>` and the output asks it to integrate the changes you made +since that commit, up to the commit named by `<end>`, by visiting +the repository named by `<url>`. + OPTIONS ------- -p:: - Show patch text + Include patch text in the output. <start>:: - Commit to start at. + Commit to start at. This names a commit that is already in + the upstream history. <url>:: - URL to include in the summary. + The repository URL to be pulled from. <end>:: - Commit to end at; defaults to HEAD. + Commit to end at (defaults to HEAD). This names the commit + at the tip of the history you are asking to be pulled. ++ +When the repository named by `<url>` has the commit at a tip of a +ref that is different from the ref you have locally, you can use the +`<local>:<remote>` syntax, to have its local name, a colon `:`, and +its remote name. + + +EXAMPLE +------- + +Imagine that you built your work on your `master` branch on top of +the `v1.0` release, and want it to be integrated to the project. +First you push that change to your public repository for others to +see: + + git push https://git.ko.xz/project master + +Then, you run this command: + + git request-pull v1.0 https://git.ko.xz/project master + +which will produce a request to the upstream, summarizing the +changes between the `v1.0` release and your `master`, to pull it +from your public repository. + +If you pushed your change to a branch whose name is different from +the one you have locally, e.g. + + git push https://git.ko.xz/project master:for-linus + +then you can ask that to be pulled with + + git request-pull v1.0 https://git.ko.xz/project master:for-linus + GIT --- diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt index f445cb3..25432d9 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [verse] 'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>... 'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...] -'git reset' [--soft | --mixed | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>] +'git reset' [--soft | --mixed [-N] | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ to HEAD in all forms. 'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...:: This form resets the index entries for all <paths> to their - state at <tree-ish>. (It does not affect the working tree, nor + state at <tree-ish>. (It does not affect the working tree or the current branch.) + This means that `git reset <paths>` is the opposite of `git add @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode. + -- --soft:: - Does not touch the index file nor the working tree at all (but + Does not touch the index file or the working tree at all (but resets the head to <commit>, just like all modes do). This leaves all your changed files "Changes to be committed", as 'git status' would put it. @@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode. Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not been updated. This is the default action. ++ +If `-N` is specified, removed paths are marked as intent-to-add (see +linkgit:git-add[1]). --hard:: Resets the index and working tree. Any changes to tracked files in the @@ -115,7 +118,7 @@ and changes with these files are distracting. <2> Somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging. <3> However, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does not match the HEAD commit). But you know the pull you are going -to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the +to make does not affect frotz.c or filfre.c, so you revert the index changes for these two files. Your changes in working tree remain there. <4> Then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt index 045b37b..7a1585d 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt @@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [ \--reverse ] [ \--walk-reflogs ] [ \--no-walk ] [ \--do-walk ] + [ \--use-bitmap-index ] <commit>... [ \-- <paths>... ] DESCRIPTION diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt index d068a65..987395d 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt @@ -50,6 +50,10 @@ Options for --parseopt the first non-option argument. This can be used to parse sub-commands that take options themselves. +--stuck-long:: + Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Output the options in their + long form if available, and with their arguments stuck. + Options for Filtering ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -173,6 +177,20 @@ shown. If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`, character (`?`, `*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by appending `/*`. +--exclude=<glob-pattern>:: + Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`, + `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise + consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns + up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or + `--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear + accumlated patterns). ++ +The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or +`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`, +respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob` +or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given +explicitly. + --disambiguate=<prefix>:: Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix. The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to @@ -266,26 +284,28 @@ Input Format 'git rev-parse --parseopt' input format is fully text based. It has two parts, separated by a line that contains only `--`. The lines before the separator -(should be more than one) are used for the usage. +(should be one or more) are used for the usage. The lines after the separator describe the options. Each line of options has this format: ------------ -<opt_spec><flags>* SP+ help LF +<opt-spec><flags>*<arg-hint>? SP+ help LF ------------ -`<opt_spec>`:: +`<opt-spec>`:: its format is the short option character, then the long option name separated by a comma. Both parts are not required, though at least one is necessary. `h,help`, `dry-run` and `f` are all three correct - `<opt_spec>`. + `<opt-spec>`. `<flags>`:: `<flags>` are of `*`, `=`, `?` or `!`. * Use `=` if the option takes an argument. - * Use `?` to mean that the option is optional (though its use is discouraged). + * Use `?` to mean that the option takes an optional argument. You + probably want to use the `--stuck-long` mode to be able to + unambiguously parse the optional argument. * Use `*` to mean that this option should not be listed in the usage generated for the `-h` argument. It's shown for `--help-all` as @@ -293,6 +313,12 @@ Each line of options has this format: * Use `!` to not make the corresponding negated long option available. +`<arg-hint>`:: + `<arg-hint>`, if specified, is used as a name of the argument in the + help output, for options that take arguments. `<arg-hint>` is + terminated by the first whitespace. It is customary to use a + dash to separate words in a multi-word argument hint. + The remainder of the line, after stripping the spaces, is used as the help associated to the option. @@ -313,6 +339,8 @@ h,help show the help foo some nifty option --foo bar= some cool option --bar with an argument +baz=arg another cool option --baz with a named argument +qux?path qux may take a path argument but has meaning by itself An option group Header C? option C with an optional argument" @@ -320,6 +348,28 @@ C? option C with an optional argument" eval "$(echo "$OPTS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?)" ------------ + +Usage text +~~~~~~~~~~ + +When `"$@"` is `-h` or `--help` in the above example, the following +usage text would be shown: + +------------ +usage: some-command [options] <args>... + + some-command does foo and bar! + + -h, --help show the help + --foo some nifty option --foo + --bar ... some cool option --bar with an argument + --baz <arg> another cool option --baz with a named argument + --qux[=<path>] qux may take a path argument but has meaning by itself + +An option group Header + -C[...] option C with an optional argument +------------ + SQ-QUOTE -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-revert.txt b/Documentation/git-revert.txt index 2de67a5..cceb5f2 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-revert.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-revert.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-revert - Revert some existing commits SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git revert' [--[no-]edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] <commit>... +'git revert' [--[no-]edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] [-S[<key-id>]] <commit>... 'git revert' --continue 'git revert' --quit 'git revert' --abort @@ -80,6 +80,10 @@ more details. This is useful when reverting more than one commits' effect to your index in a row. +-S[<key-id>]:: +--gpg-sign[=<key-id>]:: + GPG-sign commits. + -s:: --signoff:: Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message. diff --git a/Documentation/git-rm.txt b/Documentation/git-rm.txt index 9d731b4..f1efc11 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rm.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rm.txt @@ -170,6 +170,15 @@ of files and subdirectories under the `Documentation/` directory. (i.e. you are listing the files explicitly), it does not remove `subdir/git-foo.sh`. +BUGS +---- +Each time a superproject update removes a populated submodule +(e.g. when switching between commits before and after the removal) a +stale submodule checkout will remain in the old location. Removing the +old directory is only safe when it uses a gitfile, as otherwise the +history of the submodule will be deleted too. This step will be +obsolete when recursive submodule update has been implemented. + SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:git-add[1] diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt index f0e57a5..d0fa18a 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ files in the directory), or directly as a revision list. In the last case, any format accepted by linkgit:git-format-patch[1] can be passed to git send-email. -The header of the email is configurable by command line options. If not +The header of the email is configurable via command-line options. If not specified on the command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine enabled interface to provide the necessary information. @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ The --cc option must be repeated for each user you want on the cc list. When '--compose' is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank -(or Git: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject, +(or Git: prefixed) lines, the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject, and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed. + Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for. @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ See the CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'. --from=<address>:: Specify the sender of the emails. If not specified on the command line, the value of the 'sendemail.from' configuration option is used. If - neither the command line option nor 'sendemail.from' are set, then the + neither the command-line option nor 'sendemail.from' are set, then the user will be prompted for the value. The default for the prompt will be the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not set, as returned by "git var -l". diff --git a/Documentation/git-shell.txt b/Documentation/git-shell.txt index c35051b..e4bdd22 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-shell.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-shell.txt @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ EXAMPLE ------- To disable interactive logins, displaying a greeting instead: -+ + ---------------- $ chsh -s /usr/bin/git-shell $ mkdir $HOME/git-shell-commands diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt index a515648..b91d4e5 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ and/or refs/tags) semi-visually. It cannot show more than 29 branches and commits at a time. It uses `showbranch.default` multi-valued configuration items if -no <rev> nor <glob> is given on the command line. +no <rev> or <glob> is given on the command line. OPTIONS diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt index b0a309b..2a6f89b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ OPTIONS Show references matching one or more patterns. Patterns are matched from the end of the full name, and only complete parts are matched, e.g. 'master' matches 'refs/heads/master', 'refs/remotes/origin/master', - 'refs/tags/jedi/master' but not 'refs/heads/mymaster' nor + 'refs/tags/jedi/master' but not 'refs/heads/mymaster' or 'refs/remotes/master/jedi'. OUTPUT @@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ FILES SEE ALSO -------- +linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1], linkgit:git-ls-remote[1], linkgit:git-update-ref[1], linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt index db7e803..375213f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-stash.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ is also possible). OPTIONS ------- -save [-p|--patch] [--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]:: +save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]:: Save your local modifications to a new 'stash', and run `git reset --hard` to revert them. The <message> part is optional and gives diff --git a/Documentation/git-status.txt b/Documentation/git-status.txt index a4acaa0..def635f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-status.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-status.txt @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1]. OUTPUT ------ The output from this command is designed to be used as a commit -template comment, and all the output lines are prefixed with '#'. +template comment. The default, long format, is designed to be human readable, verbose and descriptive. Its contents and format are subject to change at any time. diff --git a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt index bfef8a0..89c4d3e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt @@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git submodule' [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...] 'git submodule' [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] [--] <path>... 'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch] - [-f|--force] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] - [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...] + [-f|--force] [--rebase|--merge] [--reference <repository>] + [--depth <depth>] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...] 'git submodule' [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [(-n|--summary-limit) <n>] [commit] [--] [<path>...] 'git submodule' [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command> @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ OPTIONS -b:: --branch:: Branch of repository to add as submodule. - The name of the branch is recorded as `submodule.<path>.branch` in + The name of the branch is recorded as `submodule.<name>.branch` in `.gitmodules` for `update --remote`. -f:: @@ -281,12 +281,31 @@ In order to ensure a current tracking branch state, `update --remote` fetches the submodule's remote repository before calculating the SHA-1. If you don't want to fetch, you should use `submodule update --remote --no-fetch`. ++ +Use this option to integrate changes from the upstream subproject with +your submodule's current HEAD. Alternatively, you can run `git pull` +from the submodule, which is equivalent except for the remote branch +name: `update --remote` uses the default upstream repository and +`submodule.<name>.branch`, while `git pull` uses the submodule's +`branch.<name>.merge`. Prefer `submodule.<name>.branch` if you want +to distribute the default upstream branch with the superproject and +`branch.<name>.merge` if you want a more native feel while working in +the submodule itself. -N:: --no-fetch:: This option is only valid for the update command. Don't fetch new objects from the remote site. +--checkout:: + This option is only valid for the update command. + Checkout the commit recorded in the superproject on a detached HEAD + in the submodule. This is the default behavior, the main use of + this option is to override `submodule.$name.update` when set to + `merge`, `rebase` or `none`. + If the key `submodule.$name.update` is either not explicitly set or + set to `checkout`, this option is implicit. + --merge:: This option is only valid for the update command. Merge the commit recorded in the superproject into the current branch diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt index 30c5ee2..44c970c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt @@ -86,13 +86,14 @@ COMMANDS (refs/remotes/$remote/*). Setting a prefix is also useful if you wish to track multiple projects that share a common repository. + By default, the prefix is set to 'origin/'. + -NOTE: In Git v2.0, the default prefix will CHANGE from "" (no prefix) -to "origin/". This is done to put SVN-tracking refs at -"refs/remotes/origin/*" instead of "refs/remotes/*", and make them -more compatible with how Git's own remote-tracking refs are organized -(i.e. refs/remotes/$remote/*). You can enjoy the same benefits today, -by using the --prefix option. +NOTE: Before Git v2.0, the default prefix was "" (no prefix). This +meant that SVN-tracking refs were put at "refs/remotes/*", which is +incompatible with how Git's own remote-tracking refs are organized. +If you still want the old default, you can get it by passing +`--prefix ""` on the command line (`--prefix=""` may not work if +your Perl's Getopt::Long is < v2.37). --ignore-paths=<regex>;; When passed to 'init' or 'clone' this regular expression will @@ -147,8 +148,8 @@ the same local time zone. [verse] config key: svn-remote.<name>.ignore-paths + -If the ignore-paths config key is set and the command line option is -also given, both regular expressions will be used. +If the ignore-paths configuration key is set, and the command-line +option is also given, both regular expressions will be used. + Examples: + @@ -994,16 +995,6 @@ without giving any repository layout options. If the full history with branches and tags is required, the options '--trunk' / '--branches' / '--tags' must be used. -When using the options for describing the repository layout (--trunk, ---tags, --branches, --stdlayout), please also specify the --prefix -option (e.g. '--prefix=origin/') to cause your SVN-tracking refs to be -placed at refs/remotes/origin/* rather than the default refs/remotes/*. -The former is more compatible with the layout of Git's "regular" -remote-tracking refs (refs/remotes/$remote/*), and may potentially -prevent similarly named SVN branches and Git remotes from clobbering -each other. In Git v2.0 the default prefix used (i.e. when no --prefix -is given) will change from "" (no prefix) to "origin/". - When using multiple --branches or --tags, 'git svn' does not automatically handle name collisions (for example, if two branches from different paths have the same name, or if a branch and a tag have the same name). In these cases, diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt index c418c44..b424a1b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt @@ -95,6 +95,12 @@ OPTIONS using fnmatch(3)). Multiple patterns may be given; if any of them matches, the tag is shown. +--sort=<type>:: + Sort in a specific order. Supported type is "refname" + (lexicographic order), "version:refname" or "v:refname" (tag + names are treated as versions). Prepend "-" to reverse sort + order. + --column[=<options>]:: --no-column:: Display tag listing in columns. See configuration variable @@ -103,8 +109,9 @@ OPTIONS + This option is only applicable when listing tags without annotation lines. ---contains <commit>:: - Only list tags which contain the specified commit. +--contains [<commit>]:: + Only list tags which contain the specified commit (HEAD if not + specified). --points-at <object>:: Only list tags of the given object. diff --git a/Documentation/git-tar-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-tar-tree.txt deleted file mode 100644 index f7362dc..0000000 --- a/Documentation/git-tar-tree.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ -git-tar-tree(1) -=============== - -NAME ----- -git-tar-tree - Create a tar archive of the files in the named tree object - - -SYNOPSIS --------- -[verse] -'git tar-tree' [--remote=<repo>] <tree-ish> [ <base> ] - -DESCRIPTION ------------ -THIS COMMAND IS DEPRECATED. Use 'git archive' with `--format=tar` -option instead (and move the <base> argument to `--prefix=base/`). - -Creates a tar archive containing the tree structure for the named tree. -When <base> is specified it is added as a leading path to the files in the -generated tar archive. - -'git tar-tree' behaves differently when given a tree ID versus when given -a commit ID or tag ID. In the first case the current time is used as -modification time of each file in the archive. In the latter case the -commit time as recorded in the referenced commit object is used instead. -Additionally the commit ID is stored in a global extended pax header. -It can be extracted using 'git get-tar-commit-id'. - -OPTIONS -------- - -<tree-ish>:: - The tree or commit to produce tar archive for. If it is - the object name of a commit object. - -<base>:: - Leading path to the files in the resulting tar archive. - ---remote=<repo>:: - Instead of making a tar archive from local repository, - retrieve a tar archive from a remote repository. - -CONFIGURATION -------------- - -tar.umask:: - This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of - tar archive entries. The default is 0002, which turns off the - world write bit. The special value "user" indicates that the - archiving user's umask will be used instead. See umask(2) for - details. - -EXAMPLES --------- -`git tar-tree HEAD junk | (cd /var/tmp/ && tar xf -)`:: - - Create a tar archive that contains the contents of the - latest commit on the current branch, and extracts it in - `/var/tmp/junk` directory. - -`git tar-tree v1.4.0 git-1.4.0 | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz`:: - - Create a tarball for v1.4.0 release. - -`git tar-tree v1.4.0^{tree} git-1.4.0 | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz`:: - - Create a tarball for v1.4.0 release, but without a - global extended pax header. - -`git tar-tree --remote=example.com:git.git v1.4.0 >git-1.4.0.tar`:: - - Get a tarball v1.4.0 from example.com. - -`git tar-tree HEAD:Documentation/ git-docs > git-1.4.0-docs.tar`:: - - Put everything in the current head's Documentation/ directory - into 'git-1.4.0-docs.tar', with the prefix 'git-docs/'. - -GIT ---- -Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt index e0a8702..d6de4a0 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git update-index' [--add] [--remove | --force-remove] [--replace] [--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing] - [(--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <file>)...] + [(--cacheinfo <mode>,<object>,<file>)...] [--chmod=(+|-)x] [--[no-]assume-unchanged] [--[no-]skip-worktree] @@ -68,8 +68,12 @@ OPTIONS --ignore-missing:: Ignores missing files during a --refresh +--cacheinfo <mode>,<object>,<path>:: --cacheinfo <mode> <object> <path>:: - Directly insert the specified info into the index. + Directly insert the specified info into the index. For + backward compatibility, you can also give these three + arguments as three separate parameters, but new users are + encouraged to use a single-parameter form. --index-info:: Read index information from stdin. diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt index 0a0a551..c8f5ae5 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt @@ -68,7 +68,12 @@ performs all modifications together. Specify commands of the form: option SP <opt> LF Quote fields containing whitespace as if they were strings in C source -code. Alternatively, use `-z` to specify commands without quoting: +code; i.e., surrounded by double-quotes and with backslash escapes. +Use 40 "0" characters or the empty string to specify a zero value. To +specify a missing value, omit the value and its preceding SP entirely. + +Alternatively, use `-z` to specify in NUL-terminated format, without +quoting: update SP <ref> NUL <newvalue> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL create SP <ref> NUL <newvalue> NUL @@ -76,8 +81,12 @@ code. Alternatively, use `-z` to specify commands without quoting: verify SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL option SP <opt> NUL -Lines of any other format or a repeated <ref> produce an error. -Command meanings are: +In this format, use 40 "0" to specify a zero value, and use the empty +string to specify a missing value. + +In either format, values can be specified in any form that Git +recognizes as an object name. Commands in any other format or a +repeated <ref> produce an error. Command meanings are: update:: Set <ref> to <newvalue> after verifying <oldvalue>, if given. @@ -102,9 +111,6 @@ option:: The only valid option is `no-deref` to avoid dereferencing a symbolic ref. -Use 40 "0" or the empty string to specify a zero value, except that -with `-z` an empty <oldvalue> is considered missing. - If all <ref>s can be locked with matching <oldvalue>s simultaneously, all modifications are performed. Otherwise, no modifications are performed. Note that while each individual diff --git a/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt index d09bbb5..cbef61b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt @@ -20,6 +20,38 @@ This command is usually not invoked directly by the end user. The UI for the protocol is on the 'git archive' side, and the program pair is meant to be used to get an archive from a remote repository. +SECURITY +-------- + +In order to protect the privacy of objects that have been removed from +history but may not yet have been pruned, `git-upload-archive` avoids +serving archives for commits and trees that are not reachable from the +repository's refs. However, because calculating object reachability is +computationally expensive, `git-upload-archive` implements a stricter +but easier-to-check set of rules: + + 1. Clients may request a commit or tree that is pointed to directly by + a ref. E.g., `git archive --remote=origin v1.0`. + + 2. Clients may request a sub-tree within a commit or tree using the + `ref:path` syntax. E.g., `git archive --remote=origin v1.0:Documentation`. + + 3. Clients may _not_ use other sha1 expressions, even if the end + result is reachable. E.g., neither a relative commit like `master^` + nor a literal sha1 like `abcd1234` is allowed, even if the result + is reachable from the refs. + +Note that rule 3 disallows many cases that do not have any privacy +implications. These rules are subject to change in future versions of +git, and the server accessed by `git archive --remote` may or may not +follow these exact rules. + +If the config option `uploadArchive.allowUnreachable` is true, these +rules are ignored, and clients may use arbitrary sha1 expressions. +This is useful if you do not care about the privacy of unreachable +objects, or if your object database is already publicly available for +access via non-smart-http. + OPTIONS ------- <directory>:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt index 2de575f..16ede5b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ CONF.VAR (from -c option) and web.browser ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The web browser can be specified using a configuration variable passed -with the -c (or --config) command line option, or the 'web.browser' +with the -c (or --config) command-line option, or the 'web.browser' configuration variable if the former is not used. browser.<tool>.path @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ the URLs passed as arguments. Note about konqueror -------------------- -When 'konqueror' is specified by a command line option or a +When 'konqueror' is specified by a command-line option or a configuration variable, we launch 'kfmclient' to try to open the HTML man page on an already opened konqueror in a new tab if possible. diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt index 64da795..3bd68b0 100644 --- a/Documentation/git.txt +++ b/Documentation/git.txt @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ in-depth introduction. After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this page to learn what commands Git offers. You can learn more about individual Git commands with "git help command". linkgit:gitcli[7] -manual page gives you an overview of the command line command syntax. +manual page gives you an overview of the command-line command syntax. Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest Git documentation can be viewed at `http://git-htmldocs.googlecode.com/git/git.html`. @@ -39,10 +39,24 @@ ifdef::stalenotes[] ============ You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly -unreleased) version of Git, that is available from 'master' +unreleased) version of Git, that is available from the 'master' branch of the `git.git` repository. Documentation for older releases are available here: +* link:v2.0.0/git.html[documentation for release 2.0] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/2.0.0.txt[2.0.0]. + +* link:v1.9.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.9.4] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.9.4.txt[1.9.4], + link:RelNotes/1.9.3.txt[1.9.3], + link:RelNotes/1.9.2.txt[1.9.2], + link:RelNotes/1.9.1.txt[1.9.1], + link:RelNotes/1.9.0.txt[1.9.0]. + * link:v1.8.5.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.5.5] * release notes for @@ -715,6 +729,11 @@ Git so take care if using Cogito etc. index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index` is used. +'GIT_INDEX_VERSION':: + This environment variable allows the specification of an index + version for new repositories. It won't affect existing index + files. By default index file version [23] is used. + 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY':: If the object storage directory is specified via this environment variable then the sha1 directories are created @@ -736,7 +755,7 @@ Git so take care if using Cogito etc. 'GIT_WORK_TREE':: Set the path to the root of the working tree. - This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line + This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command-line option and the core.worktree configuration variable. 'GIT_NAMESPACE':: @@ -810,6 +829,15 @@ temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits. + For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1 parameter, <path>. ++ +For each path 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called, two environment variables, +'GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER' and 'GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL' are set. + +'GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER':: + A 1-based counter incremented by one for every path. + +'GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL':: + The total number of paths. other ~~~~~ @@ -852,7 +880,7 @@ for further details. 'GIT_ASKPASS':: If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication) - will call this program with a suitable prompt as command line argument + will call this program with a suitable prompt as command-line argument and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the 'core.askpass' option in linkgit:git-config[1]. diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt index b322a26..643c1ba 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt @@ -930,9 +930,12 @@ state. DEFINING MACRO ATTRIBUTES ------------------------- -Custom macro attributes can be defined only in the `.gitattributes` -file at the toplevel (i.e. not in any subdirectory). The built-in -macro attribute "binary" is equivalent to: +Custom macro attributes can be defined only in top-level gitattributes +files (`$GIT_DIR/info/attributes`, the `.gitattributes` file at the +top level of the working tree, or the global or system-wide +gitattributes files), not in `.gitattributes` files in working tree +subdirectories. The built-in macro attribute "binary" is equivalent +to: ------------ [attr]binary -diff -merge -text diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt index 41bed29..dfe7d83 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitcli.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitcli(7) NAME ---- -gitcli - Git command line interface and conventions +gitcli - Git command-line interface and conventions SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ arguments. Here are the rules: they can be disambiguated by placing `--` between them. E.g. `git diff -- HEAD` is, "I have a file called HEAD in my work tree. Please show changes between the version I staged in the index - and what I have in the work tree for that file". not "show difference + and what I have in the work tree for that file", not "show difference between the HEAD commit and the work tree as a whole". You can say `git diff HEAD --` to ask for the latter. @@ -66,17 +66,17 @@ you will. Here are the rules regarding the "flags" that you should follow when you are scripting Git: - * it's preferred to use the non dashed form of Git commands, which means that + * it's preferred to use the non-dashed form of Git commands, which means that you should prefer `git foo` to `git-foo`. * splitting short options to separate words (prefer `git foo -a -b` to `git foo -ab`, the latter may not even work). - * when a command line option takes an argument, use the 'sticked' form. In + * when a command-line option takes an argument, use the 'stuck' form. In other words, write `git foo -oArg` instead of `git foo -o Arg` for short options, and `git foo --long-opt=Arg` instead of `git foo --long-opt Arg` for long options. An option that takes optional option-argument must be - written in the 'sticked' form. + written in the 'stuck' form. * when you give a revision parameter to a command, make sure the parameter is not ambiguous with a name of a file in the work tree. E.g. do not write @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ Here is a list of the facilities provided by this option parser. Magic Options ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Commands which have the enhanced option parser activated all understand a -couple of magic command line options: +couple of magic command-line options: -h:: gives a pretty printed usage of the command. @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ $ git foo -o Arg ---------------------------- However, this is *NOT* allowed for switches with an optional value, where the -'sticked' form must be used: +'stuck' form must be used: ---------------------------- $ git describe --abbrev HEAD # correct $ git describe --abbrev=10 HEAD # correct diff --git a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt index 058a352..d2d7c21 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt @@ -1443,7 +1443,7 @@ Although Git is a truly distributed system, it is often convenient to organize your project with an informal hierarchy of developers. Linux kernel development is run this way. There is a nice illustration (page 17, "Merges to Mainline") in -link:http://www.xenotime.net/linux/mentor/linux-mentoring-2006.pdf[Randy Dunlap's presentation]. +http://www.xenotime.net/linux/mentor/linux-mentoring-2006.pdf[Randy Dunlap's presentation]. It should be stressed that this hierarchy is purely *informal*. There is nothing fundamental in Git that enforces the "chain of diff --git a/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt b/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt index 5ea94cb..5f4e890 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ Importing a CVS archive ----------------------- First, install version 2.1 or higher of cvsps from -link:http://www.cobite.com/cvsps/[http://www.cobite.com/cvsps/] and make +http://www.cobite.com/cvsps/[http://www.cobite.com/cvsps/] and make sure it is in your path. Then cd to a checked out CVS working directory of the project you are interested in and run linkgit:git-cvsimport[1]: diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt index d48bf4d..d954bf6 100644 --- a/Documentation/githooks.txt +++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ three parameters: - the name of the ref being updated, - the old object name stored in the ref, - - and the new objectname to be stored in the ref. + - and the new object name to be stored in the ref. A zero exit from the update hook allows the ref to be updated. Exiting with a non-zero status prevents 'git-receive-pack' diff --git a/Documentation/gitignore.txt b/Documentation/gitignore.txt index f971960..8734c15 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitignore.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitignore.txt @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore SYNOPSIS -------- -$GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore +$HOME/.config/git/ignore, $GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -77,10 +77,15 @@ PATTERN FORMAT Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first hash for patterns that begin with a hash. + - Trailing spaces are ignored unless they are quoted with backlash + ("`\`"). + - An optional prefix "`!`" which negates the pattern; any matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become - included again. If a negated pattern matches, this will - override lower precedence patterns sources. + included again. It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent + directory of that file is excluded. Git doesn't list excluded + directories for performance reasons, so any patterns on contained + files have no effect, no matter where they are defined. Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first "`!`" for patterns that begin with a literal "`!`", for example, "`\!important!.txt`". @@ -182,6 +187,19 @@ Another example: The second .gitignore prevents Git from ignoring `arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`. +Example to exclude everything except a specific directory `foo/bar` +(note the `/*` - without the slash, the wildcard would also exclude +everything within `foo/bar`): + +-------------------------------------------------------------- + $ cat .gitignore + # exclude everything except directory foo/bar + /* + !/foo + /foo/* + !/foo/bar +-------------------------------------------------------------- + SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:git-rm[1], diff --git a/Documentation/gitk.txt b/Documentation/gitk.txt index d44e14c..7ae50aa 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitk.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitk.txt @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ gitk-specific options. gitk generally only understands options with arguments in the 'sticked' form (see linkgit:gitcli[7]) due to limitations in the -command line parser. +command-line parser. rev-list options and arguments ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -98,6 +98,22 @@ linkgit:git-rev-list[1] for a complete list. (See "History simplification" in linkgit:git-log[1] for a more detailed explanation.) +-L<start>,<end>:<file>:: +-L:<regex>:<file>:: + + Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>" + (or the funcname regex <regex>) within the <file>. You may + not give any pathspec limiters. This is currently limited to + a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only + give zero or one positive revision arguments. + You can specify this option more than once. ++ +*Note:* gitk (unlike linkgit:git-log[1]) currently only understands +this option if you specify it "glued together" with its argument. Do +*not* put a space after `-L`. ++ +include::line-range-format.txt[] + <revision range>:: Limit the revisions to show. This can be either a single revision @@ -150,8 +166,14 @@ gitk --max-count=100 --all \-- Makefile:: Files ----- -Gitk creates the .gitk file in your $HOME directory to store preferences -such as display options, font, and colors. +User configuration and preferences are stored at: + +* '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/gitk' if it exists, otherwise +* '$HOME/.gitk' if it exists + +If neither of the above exist then '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/gitk' is created and +used by default. If '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME' is not set it defaults to +'$HOME/.config' in all cases. History ------- diff --git a/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt index f1f4ca9..64f7ad2 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt @@ -437,6 +437,17 @@ set by Git if the remote helper has the 'option' capability. 'option check-connectivity' \{'true'|'false'\}:: Request the helper to check connectivity of a clone. +'option force' \{'true'|'false'\}:: + Request the helper to perform a force update. Defaults to + 'false'. + +'option cloning \{'true'|'false'\}:: + Notify the helper this is a clone request (i.e. the current + repository is guaranteed empty). + +'option update-shallow \{'true'|'false'\}:: + Allow to extend .git/shallow if the new refs require it. + SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:git-remote[1] diff --git a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt index aa03882..17d2ea6 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt @@ -176,6 +176,10 @@ info/grafts:: per line describes a commit and its fake parents by listing their 40-byte hexadecimal object names separated by a space and terminated by a newline. ++ +Note that the grafts mechanism is outdated and can lead to problems +transferring objects between repositories; see linkgit:git-replace[1] +for a more flexible and robust system to do the same thing. info/exclude:: This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt index e2113d9..ebe7a6c 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt @@ -630,13 +630,13 @@ need to set this element to empty list i.e. `[]`. override:: If this field has a true value then the given feature is - overriddable, which means that it can be configured + overridable, which means that it can be configured (or enabled/disabled) on a per-repository basis. + Usually given "<feature>" is configurable via the `gitweb.<feature>` config variable in the per-repository Git configuration file. + -*Note* that no feature is overriddable by default. +*Note* that no feature is overridable by default. sub:: Internal detail of implementation. What is important is that @@ -849,6 +849,43 @@ time zones in the form of "+/-HHMM", such as "+0200". + Project specific override is not supported. +extra-branch-refs:: + List of additional directories under "refs" which are going to + be used as branch refs. For example if you have a gerrit setup + where all branches under refs/heads/ are official, + push-after-review ones and branches under refs/sandbox/, + refs/wip and refs/other are user ones where permissions are + much wider, then you might want to set this variable as + follows: ++ +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +$feature{'extra-branch-refs'}{'default'} = + ['sandbox', 'wip', 'other']; +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +This feature can be configured on per-repository basis after setting +$feature{'extra-branch-refs'}{'override'} to true, via repository's +`gitweb.extraBranchRefs` configuration variable, which contains a +space separated list of refs. An example: ++ +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +[gitweb] + extraBranchRefs = sandbox wip other +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +The gitweb.extraBranchRefs is actually a multi-valued configuration +variable, so following example is also correct and the result is the +same as of the snippet above: ++ +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +[gitweb] + extraBranchRefs = sandbox + extraBranchRefs = wip other +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +It is an error to specify a ref that does not pass "git check-ref-format" +scrutiny. Duplicated values are filtered. + EXAMPLES -------- @@ -867,7 +904,7 @@ the following in your GITWEB_CONFIG file: $feature{'snapshot'}{'override'} = 1; If you allow overriding for the snapshot feature, you can specify which -snapshot formats are globally disabled. You can also add any command line +snapshot formats are globally disabled. You can also add any command-line options you want (such as setting the compression level). For instance, you can disable Zip compressed snapshots and set *gzip*(1) to run at level 6 by adding the following lines to your gitweb configuration file: diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.txt index cca14b8..cd9c895 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitweb.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitweb.txt @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ separator (rules for Perl's "`split(" ", $line)`"). * Fields use modified URI encoding, defined in RFC 3986, section 2.1 (Percent-Encoding), or rather "Query string encoding" (see -link:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_string#URL_encoding[]), the difference +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_string#URL_encoding[]), the difference being that SP (" ") can be encoded as "{plus}" (and therefore "{plus}" has to be also percent-encoded). + diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt index aa1c888..be0858c 100644 --- a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt +++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt @@ -176,6 +176,10 @@ current branch integrates with) obviously do not work, as there is no you can make Git pretend the set of <<def_parent,parents>> a <<def_commit,commit>> has is different from what was recorded when the commit was created. Configured via the `.git/info/grafts` file. ++ +Note that the grafts mechanism is outdated and can lead to problems +transferring objects between repositories; see linkgit:git-replace[1] +for a more flexible and robust system to do the same thing. [[def_hash]]hash:: In Git's context, synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>. @@ -323,24 +327,26 @@ including Documentation/chapter_1/figure_1.jpg. A pathspec that begins with a colon `:` has special meaning. In the short form, the leading colon `:` is followed by zero or more "magic signature" letters (which optionally is terminated by another colon `:`), -and the remainder is the pattern to match against the path. The optional -colon that terminates the "magic signature" can be omitted if the pattern -begins with a character that cannot be a "magic signature" and is not a -colon. +and the remainder is the pattern to match against the path. +The "magic signature" consists of ASCII symbols that are neither +alphanumeric, glob, regex special charaters nor colon. +The optional colon that terminates the "magic signature" can be +omitted if the pattern begins with a character that does not belong to +"magic signature" symbol set and is not a colon. + In the long form, the leading colon `:` is followed by a open parenthesis `(`, a comma-separated list of zero or more "magic words", and a close parentheses `)`, and the remainder is the pattern to match against the path. + -The "magic signature" consists of an ASCII symbol that is not -alphanumeric. +A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form +should not be combined with other pathspec. + -- -top `/`;; - The magic word `top` (mnemonic: `/`) makes the pattern match - from the root of the working tree, even when you are running - the command from inside a subdirectory. +top;; + The magic word `top` (magic signature: `/`) makes the pattern + match from the root of the working tree, even when you are + running the command from inside a subdirectory. literal;; Wildcards in the pattern such as `*` or `?` are treated @@ -377,14 +383,12 @@ full pathname may have special meaning: - Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid. + Glob magic is incompatible with literal magic. + +exclude;; + After a path matches any non-exclude pathspec, it will be run + through all exclude pathspec (magic signature: `!`). If it + matches, the path is ignored. -- -+ -Currently only the slash `/` is recognized as the "magic signature", -but it is envisioned that we will support more types of magic in later -versions of Git. -+ -A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form -should not be combined with other pathspec. [[def_parent]]parent:: A <<def_commit_object,commit object>> contains a (possibly empty) list diff --git a/Documentation/howto-index.sh b/Documentation/howto-index.sh index a234086..167b363 100755 --- a/Documentation/howto-index.sh +++ b/Documentation/howto-index.sh @@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ EOF for txt do - title=`expr "$txt" : '.*/\(.*\)\.txt$'` - from=`sed -ne ' + title=$(expr "$txt" : '.*/\(.*\)\.txt$') + from=$(sed -ne ' /^$/q /^From:[ ]/{ s/// @@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ do s/^/by / p } - ' "$txt"` + ' "$txt") - abstract=`sed -ne ' + abstract=$(sed -ne ' /^Abstract:[ ]/{ s/^[^ ]*// x @@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ do x p q - }' "$txt"` + }' "$txt") if grep 'Content-type: text/asciidoc' >/dev/null $txt then - file=`expr "$txt" : '\(.*\)\.txt$'`.html + file=$(expr "$txt" : '\(.*\)\.txt$').html else file="$txt" fi diff --git a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt index 33ae69c..ca43787 100644 --- a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt +++ b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt @@ -39,26 +39,26 @@ The policy on Integration is informally mentioned in "A Note from the maintainer" message, which is periodically posted to this mailing list after each feature release is made. - - Feature releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z and are meant to + - Feature releases are numbered as vX.Y.0 and are meant to contain bugfixes and enhancements in any area, including functionality, performance and usability, without regression. - One release cycle for a feature release is expected to last for eight to ten weeks. - - Maintenance releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z.W and are meant - to contain only bugfixes for the corresponding vX.Y.Z feature - release and earlier maintenance releases vX.Y.Z.V (V < W). + - Maintenance releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z and are meant + to contain only bugfixes for the corresponding vX.Y.0 feature + release and earlier maintenance releases vX.Y.W (W < Z). - 'master' branch is used to prepare for the next feature release. In other words, at some point, the tip of 'master' - branch is tagged with vX.Y.Z. + branch is tagged with vX.Y.0. - 'maint' branch is used to prepare for the next maintenance - release. After the feature release vX.Y.Z is made, the tip + release. After the feature release vX.Y.0 is made, the tip of 'maint' branch is set to that release, and bugfixes will accumulate on the branch, and at some point, the tip of the - branch is tagged with vX.Y.Z.1, vX.Y.Z.2, and so on. + branch is tagged with vX.Y.1, vX.Y.2, and so on. - 'next' branch is used to publish changes (both enhancements and fixes) that (1) have worthwhile goal, (2) are in a fairly @@ -86,6 +86,10 @@ this mailing list after each feature release is made. users are encouraged to test it so that regressions and bugs are found before new topics are merged to 'master'. +Note that before v1.9.0 release, the version numbers used to be +structured slightly differently. vX.Y.Z were feature releases while +vX.Y.Z.W were maintenance releases for vX.Y.Z. + A Typical Git Day ----------------- diff --git a/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt b/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt index 19ab604..02cb5f7 100644 --- a/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ You fetch from upstream, but not merge. $ git fetch upstream This leaves the updated upstream head in .git/FETCH_HEAD but -does not touch your .git/HEAD nor .git/refs/heads/master. +does not touch your .git/HEAD or .git/refs/heads/master. You run "git rebase" now. $ git rebase FETCH_HEAD master diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt index acf3e47..462255e 100644 --- a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt +++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ where C and D are to fix what was broken in A and B, and you may already have some other changes on the mainline after W. If you merge the updated side branch (with D at its tip), none of the -changes made in A nor B will be in the result, because they were reverted +changes made in A or B will be in the result, because they were reverted by W. That is what Alan saw. Linus explains the situation: @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ with: $ git revert W This history would (ignoring possible conflicts between what W and W..Y -changed) be equivalent to not having W nor Y at all in the history: +changed) be equivalent to not having W or Y at all in the history: ---o---o---o---M---x---x-------x---- / diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt index 85f69db..149508e 100644 --- a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ $ make clean test ;# make sure it did not cause other breakage. ------------------------------------------------ Everything is in the good order. I do not need the temporary branch -nor tag anymore, so remove them: +or tag anymore, so remove them: ------------------------------------------------ $ rm -f .git/refs/tags/pu-anchor diff --git a/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt b/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt index 6de4f3c..f44e5e9 100644 --- a/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt +++ b/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ On Debian: Most tests should pass. -A command line tool to test WebDAV is cadaver. If you prefer GUIs, for +A command-line tool to test WebDAV is cadaver. If you prefer GUIs, for example, konqueror can open WebDAV URLs as "webdav://..." or "webdavs://...". diff --git a/Documentation/install-webdoc.sh b/Documentation/install-webdoc.sh index 76d69a9..ed8b4ff 100755 --- a/Documentation/install-webdoc.sh +++ b/Documentation/install-webdoc.sh @@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ do else echo >&2 "# install $h $T/$h" rm -f "$T/$h" - mkdir -p `dirname "$T/$h"` + mkdir -p $(dirname "$T/$h") cp "$h" "$T/$h" fi done -strip_leading=`echo "$T/" | sed -e 's|.|.|g'` +strip_leading=$(echo "$T/" | sed -e 's|.|.|g') for th in \ "$T"/*.html "$T"/*.txt \ "$T"/howto/*.txt "$T"/howto/*.html \ "$T"/technical/*.txt "$T"/technical/*.html do - h=`expr "$th" : "$strip_leading"'\(.*\)'` + h=$(expr "$th" : "$strip_leading"'\(.*\)') case "$h" in RelNotes-*.txt | index.html) continue ;; esac diff --git a/Documentation/merge-options.txt b/Documentation/merge-options.txt index e134315..f08e9b8 100644 --- a/Documentation/merge-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/merge-options.txt @@ -63,14 +63,13 @@ merge. --squash:: --no-squash:: - Produce the working tree and index state as if a real - merge happened (except for the merge information), - but do not actually make a commit or - move the `HEAD`, nor record `$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD` to - cause the next `git commit` command to create a merge - commit. This allows you to create a single commit on - top of the current branch whose effect is the same as - merging another branch (or more in case of an octopus). + Produce the working tree and index state as if a real merge + happened (except for the merge information), but do not actually + make a commit, move the `HEAD`, or record `$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD` + (to cause the next `git commit` command to create a merge + commit). This allows you to create a single commit on top of + the current branch whose effect is the same as merging another + branch (or more in case of an octopus). + With --no-squash perform the merge and commit the result. This option can be used to override --squash. diff --git a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt index 49a9a7d..7bbd19b 100644 --- a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt +++ b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ MERGE STRATEGIES ---------------- -The merge mechanism ('git-merge' and 'git-pull' commands) allows the +The merge mechanism (`git merge` and `git pull` commands) allows the backend 'merge strategies' to be chosen with `-s` option. Some strategies can also take their own options, which can be passed by giving `-X<option>` -arguments to 'git-merge' and/or 'git-pull'. +arguments to `git merge` and/or `git pull`. resolve:: This can only resolve two heads (i.e. the current branch @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ recursive:: merged tree of the common ancestors and uses that as the reference tree for the 3-way merge. This has been reported to result in fewer merge conflicts without - causing mis-merges by tests done on actual merge commits + causing mismerges by tests done on actual merge commits taken from Linux 2.6 kernel development history. Additionally this can detect and handle merges involving renames. This is the default merge strategy when @@ -113,3 +113,11 @@ subtree:: match the tree structure of A, instead of reading the trees at the same level. This adjustment is also done to the common ancestor tree. + +With the strategies that use 3-way merge (including the default, 'recursive'), +if a change is made on both branches, but later reverted on one of the +branches, that change will be present in the merged result; some people find +this behavior confusing. It occurs because only the heads and the merge base +are considered when performing a merge, not the individual commits. The merge +algorithm therefore considers the reverted change as no change at all, and +substitutes the changed version instead. diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt index 1d174fd..85d6353 100644 --- a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt +++ b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ The 'raw' format shows the entire commit exactly as stored in the commit object. Notably, the SHA-1s are displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or --no-abbrev are used, and 'parents' information show the -true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history +true parent commits, without taking grafts or history simplification into account. * 'format:<string>' diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt index eea0e30..8569e29 100644 --- a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ people using 80-column terminals. Show the notes (see linkgit:git-notes[1]) that annotate the commit, when showing the commit log message. This is the default for `git log`, `git show` and `git whatchanged` commands when - there is no `--pretty`, `--format` nor `--oneline` option given + there is no `--pretty`, `--format`, or `--oneline` option given on the command line. + By default, the notes shown are from the notes refs listed in the diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt index 2991d70..deb8cca 100644 --- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt @@ -153,6 +153,21 @@ parents) and `--max-parents=-1` (negative numbers denote no upper limit). is automatically prepended if missing. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. +--exclude=<glob-pattern>:: + + Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`, + `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise + consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns + up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or + `--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear + accumlated patterns). ++ +The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or +`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`, +respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob` +or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given +explicitly. + --ignore-missing:: Upon seeing an invalid object name in the input, pretend as if the bad input was not given. @@ -222,7 +237,7 @@ list. reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones. When this option is used you cannot specify commits to exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2', - nor 'commit1\...commit2' notations cannot be used). + and 'commit1\...commit2' notations cannot be used). + With `--pretty` format other than `oneline` (for obvious reasons), this causes the output to have two extra lines of information @@ -242,6 +257,14 @@ See also linkgit:git-reflog[1]. Output excluded boundary commits. Boundary commits are prefixed with `-`. +ifdef::git-rev-list[] +--use-bitmap-index:: + + Try to speed up the traversal using the pack bitmap index (if + one is available). Note that when traversing with `--objects`, + trees and blobs will not have their associated path printed. +endif::git-rev-list[] + -- History Simplification @@ -735,6 +758,13 @@ This enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below. This implies the `--topo-order` option by default, but the `--date-order` option may also be specified. +--show-linear-break[=<barrier>]:: + When --graph is not used, all history branches are flattened + which can make it hard to see that the two consecutive commits + do not belong to a linear branch. This option puts a barrier + in between them in that case. If `<barrier>` is specified, it + is the string that will be shown instead of the default one. + ifdef::git-rev-list[] --count:: Print a number stating how many commits would have been diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt index 2c06ed3..0796118 100644 --- a/Documentation/revisions.txt +++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt @@ -88,13 +88,15 @@ some output processing may assume ref names in UTF-8. branch 'blabla' then '@\{1\}' means the same as 'blabla@\{1\}'. '@\{-<n>\}', e.g. '@\{-1\}':: - The construct '@\{-<n>\}' means the <n>th branch checked out + The construct '@\{-<n>\}' means the <n>th branch/commit checked out before the current one. '<branchname>@\{upstream\}', e.g. 'master@\{upstream\}', '@\{u\}':: The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a branchname (short form '<branchname>@\{u\}') refers to the branch that the branch specified by branchname is set to build on - top of. A missing branchname defaults to the current one. + top of (configured with `branch.<name>.remote` and + `branch.<name>.merge`). A missing branchname defaults to the + current one. '<rev>{caret}', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}, v1.5.1{caret}0':: A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt index f3c1357..22a39b9 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt @@ -14,19 +14,22 @@ Git: . Add the external declaration for the function to `builtin.h`. -. Add the command to `commands[]` table in `handle_internal_command()`, - defined in `git.c`. The entry should look like: +. Add the command to the `commands[]` table defined in `git.c`. + The entry should look like: { "foo", cmd_foo, <options> }, + where options is the bitwise-or of: `RUN_SETUP`:: - - Make sure there is a Git directory to work on, and if there is a - work tree, chdir to the top of it if the command was invoked - in a subdirectory. If there is no work tree, no chdir() is - done. + If there is not a Git directory to work on, abort. If there + is a work tree, chdir to the top of it if the command was + invoked in a subdirectory. If there is no work tree, no + chdir() is done. + +`RUN_SETUP_GENTLY`:: + If there is a Git directory, chdir as per RUN_SETUP, otherwise, + don't chdir anywhere. `USE_PAGER`:: diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt index ce363b6..2602668 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ static void setup_check(void) The attribute is Unset, by listing the name of the attribute prefixed with a dash - for the path. } else if (ATTR_UNSET(value)) { - The attribute is not set nor unset for the path. + The attribute is neither set nor unset for the path. } else if (!strcmp(value, "input")) { If none of ATTR_TRUE(), ATTR_FALSE(), or ATTR_UNSET() is true, the value is a string set in the gitattributes diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-hash.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-hash.txt deleted file mode 100644 index e5061e0..0000000 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-hash.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -hash API -======== - -The hash API is a collection of simple hash table functions. Users are expected -to implement their own hashing. - -Data Structures ---------------- - -`struct hash_table`:: - - The hash table structure. The `array` member points to the hash table - entries. The `size` member counts the total number of valid and invalid - entries in the table. The `nr` member keeps track of the number of - valid entries. - -`struct hash_table_entry`:: - - An opaque structure representing an entry in the hash table. The `hash` - member is the entry's hash key and the `ptr` member is the entry's - value. - -Functions ---------- - -`init_hash`:: - - Initialize the hash table. - -`free_hash`:: - - Release memory associated with the hash table. - -`insert_hash`:: - - Insert a pointer into the hash table. If an entry with that hash - already exists, a pointer to the existing entry's value is returned. - Otherwise NULL is returned. This allows callers to implement - chaining, etc. - -`lookup_hash`:: - - Lookup an entry in the hash table. If an entry with that hash exists - the entry's value is returned. Otherwise NULL is returned. - -`for_each_hash`:: - - Call a function for each entry in the hash table. The function is - expected to take the entry's value as its only argument and return an - int. If the function returns a negative int the loop is aborted - immediately. Otherwise, the return value is accumulated and the sum - returned upon completion of the loop. diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-hashmap.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-hashmap.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b977ae8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-hashmap.txt @@ -0,0 +1,234 @@ +hashmap API +=========== + +The hashmap API is a generic implementation of hash-based key-value mappings. + +Data Structures +--------------- + +`struct hashmap`:: + + The hash table structure. ++ +The `size` member keeps track of the total number of entries. The `cmpfn` +member is a function used to compare two entries for equality. The `table` and +`tablesize` members store the hash table and its size, respectively. + +`struct hashmap_entry`:: + + An opaque structure representing an entry in the hash table, which must + be used as first member of user data structures. Ideally it should be + followed by an int-sized member to prevent unused memory on 64-bit + systems due to alignment. ++ +The `hash` member is the entry's hash code and the `next` member points to the +next entry in case of collisions (i.e. if multiple entries map to the same +bucket). + +`struct hashmap_iter`:: + + An iterator structure, to be used with hashmap_iter_* functions. + +Types +----- + +`int (*hashmap_cmp_fn)(const void *entry, const void *entry_or_key, const void *keydata)`:: + + User-supplied function to test two hashmap entries for equality. Shall + return 0 if the entries are equal. ++ +This function is always called with non-NULL `entry` / `entry_or_key` +parameters that have the same hash code. When looking up an entry, the `key` +and `keydata` parameters to hashmap_get and hashmap_remove are always passed +as second and third argument, respectively. Otherwise, `keydata` is NULL. + +Functions +--------- + +`unsigned int strhash(const char *buf)`:: +`unsigned int strihash(const char *buf)`:: +`unsigned int memhash(const void *buf, size_t len)`:: +`unsigned int memihash(const void *buf, size_t len)`:: + + Ready-to-use hash functions for strings, using the FNV-1 algorithm (see + http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv). ++ +`strhash` and `strihash` take 0-terminated strings, while `memhash` and +`memihash` operate on arbitrary-length memory. ++ +`strihash` and `memihash` are case insensitive versions. + +`void hashmap_init(struct hashmap *map, hashmap_cmp_fn equals_function, size_t initial_size)`:: + + Initializes a hashmap structure. ++ +`map` is the hashmap to initialize. ++ +The `equals_function` can be specified to compare two entries for equality. +If NULL, entries are considered equal if their hash codes are equal. ++ +If the total number of entries is known in advance, the `initial_size` +parameter may be used to preallocate a sufficiently large table and thus +prevent expensive resizing. If 0, the table is dynamically resized. + +`void hashmap_free(struct hashmap *map, int free_entries)`:: + + Frees a hashmap structure and allocated memory. ++ +`map` is the hashmap to free. ++ +If `free_entries` is true, each hashmap_entry in the map is freed as well +(using stdlib's free()). + +`void hashmap_entry_init(void *entry, unsigned int hash)`:: + + Initializes a hashmap_entry structure. ++ +`entry` points to the entry to initialize. ++ +`hash` is the hash code of the entry. + +`void *hashmap_get(const struct hashmap *map, const void *key, const void *keydata)`:: + + Returns the hashmap entry for the specified key, or NULL if not found. ++ +`map` is the hashmap structure. ++ +`key` is a hashmap_entry structure (or user data structure that starts with +hashmap_entry) that has at least been initialized with the proper hash code +(via `hashmap_entry_init`). ++ +If an entry with matching hash code is found, `key` and `keydata` are passed +to `hashmap_cmp_fn` to decide whether the entry matches the key. + +`void *hashmap_get_next(const struct hashmap *map, const void *entry)`:: + + Returns the next equal hashmap entry, or NULL if not found. This can be + used to iterate over duplicate entries (see `hashmap_add`). ++ +`map` is the hashmap structure. ++ +`entry` is the hashmap_entry to start the search from, obtained via a previous +call to `hashmap_get` or `hashmap_get_next`. + +`void hashmap_add(struct hashmap *map, void *entry)`:: + + Adds a hashmap entry. This allows to add duplicate entries (i.e. + separate values with the same key according to hashmap_cmp_fn). ++ +`map` is the hashmap structure. ++ +`entry` is the entry to add. + +`void *hashmap_put(struct hashmap *map, void *entry)`:: + + Adds or replaces a hashmap entry. If the hashmap contains duplicate + entries equal to the specified entry, only one of them will be replaced. ++ +`map` is the hashmap structure. ++ +`entry` is the entry to add or replace. ++ +Returns the replaced entry, or NULL if not found (i.e. the entry was added). + +`void *hashmap_remove(struct hashmap *map, const void *key, const void *keydata)`:: + + Removes a hashmap entry matching the specified key. If the hashmap + contains duplicate entries equal to the specified key, only one of + them will be removed. ++ +`map` is the hashmap structure. ++ +`key` is a hashmap_entry structure (or user data structure that starts with +hashmap_entry) that has at least been initialized with the proper hash code +(via `hashmap_entry_init`). ++ +If an entry with matching hash code is found, `key` and `keydata` are +passed to `hashmap_cmp_fn` to decide whether the entry matches the key. ++ +Returns the removed entry, or NULL if not found. + +`void hashmap_iter_init(struct hashmap *map, struct hashmap_iter *iter)`:: +`void *hashmap_iter_next(struct hashmap_iter *iter)`:: +`void *hashmap_iter_first(struct hashmap *map, struct hashmap_iter *iter)`:: + + Used to iterate over all entries of a hashmap. ++ +`hashmap_iter_init` initializes a `hashmap_iter` structure. ++ +`hashmap_iter_next` returns the next hashmap_entry, or NULL if there are no +more entries. ++ +`hashmap_iter_first` is a combination of both (i.e. initializes the iterator +and returns the first entry, if any). + +Usage example +------------- + +Here's a simple usage example that maps long keys to double values. +------------ +struct hashmap map; + +struct long2double { + struct hashmap_entry ent; /* must be the first member! */ + long key; + double value; +}; + +static int long2double_cmp(const struct long2double *e1, const struct long2double *e2, const void *unused) +{ + return !(e1->key == e2->key); +} + +void long2double_init(void) +{ + hashmap_init(&map, (hashmap_cmp_fn) long2double_cmp, 0); +} + +void long2double_free(void) +{ + hashmap_free(&map, 1); +} + +static struct long2double *find_entry(long key) +{ + struct long2double k; + hashmap_entry_init(&k, memhash(&key, sizeof(long))); + k.key = key; + return hashmap_get(&map, &k, NULL); +} + +double get_value(long key) +{ + struct long2double *e = find_entry(key); + return e ? e->value : 0; +} + +void set_value(long key, double value) +{ + struct long2double *e = find_entry(key); + if (!e) { + e = malloc(sizeof(struct long2double)); + hashmap_entry_init(e, memhash(&key, sizeof(long))); + e->key = key; + hashmap_add(&map, e); + } + e->value = value; +} +------------ + +Using variable-sized keys +------------------------- + +The `hashmap_entry_get` and `hashmap_entry_remove` functions expect an ordinary +`hashmap_entry` structure as key to find the correct entry. If the key data is +variable-sized (e.g. a FLEX_ARRAY string) or quite large, it is undesirable +to create a full-fledged entry structure on the heap and copy all the key data +into the structure. + +In this case, the `keydata` parameter can be used to pass +variable-sized key data directly to the comparison function, and the `key` +parameter can be a stripped-down, fixed size entry structure allocated on the +stack. + +See test-hashmap.c for an example using arbitrary-length strings as keys. diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt index 0be2b51..1f2db31 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt @@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ that allow to change the behavior of a command. The parse-options API allows: -* 'sticked' and 'separate form' of options with arguments. - `-oArg` is sticked, `-o Arg` is separate form. - `--option=Arg` is sticked, `--option Arg` is separate form. +* 'stuck' and 'separate form' of options with arguments. + `-oArg` is stuck, `-o Arg` is separate form. + `--option=Arg` is stuck, `--option Arg` is separate form. * Long options may be 'abbreviated', as long as the abbreviation is unambiguous. @@ -160,10 +160,6 @@ There are some macros to easily define options: `int_var` is set to `integer` with `--option`, and reset to zero with `--no-option`. -`OPT_SET_PTR(short, long, &ptr_var, description, ptr)`:: - Introduce a boolean option. - If used, set `ptr_var` to `ptr`. - `OPT_STRING(short, long, &str_var, arg_str, description)`:: Introduce an option with string argument. The string argument is put into `str_var`. diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt index 4be8776..5d245aa 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt @@ -58,16 +58,16 @@ default remote, given the current branch and configuration. struct refspec -------------- -A struct refspec holds the parsed interpretation of a refspec. If it -will force updates (starts with a '+'), force is true. If it is a -pattern (sides end with '*') pattern is true. src and dest are the two -sides (if a pattern, only the part outside of the wildcards); if there -is only one side, it is src, and dst is NULL; if sides exist but are -empty (i.e., the refspec either starts or ends with ':'), the -corresponding side is "". - -This parsing can be done to an array of strings to give an array of -struct refpsecs with parse_ref_spec(). +A struct refspec holds the parsed interpretation of a refspec. If it +will force updates (starts with a '+'), force is true. If it is a +pattern (sides end with '*') pattern is true. src and dest are the +two sides (including '*' characters if present); if there is only one +side, it is src, and dst is NULL; if sides exist but are empty (i.e., +the refspec either starts or ends with ':'), the corresponding side is +"". + +An array of strings can be parsed into an array of struct refspecs +using parse_fetch_refspec() or parse_push_refspec(). remote_find_tracking(), given a remote and a struct refspec with either src or dst filled out, will fill out the other such that the diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt index 3350d97..4396be9 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt @@ -121,10 +121,19 @@ Functions * Related to the contents of the buffer +`strbuf_trim`:: + + Strip whitespace from the beginning and end of a string. + Equivalent to performing `strbuf_rtrim()` followed by `strbuf_ltrim()`. + `strbuf_rtrim`:: Strip whitespace from the end of a string. +`strbuf_ltrim`:: + + Strip whitespace from the beginning of a string. + `strbuf_cmp`:: Compare two buffers. Returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater diff --git a/Documentation/technical/bitmap-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/bitmap-format.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f8c18a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/technical/bitmap-format.txt @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ +GIT bitmap v1 format +==================== + + - A header appears at the beginning: + + 4-byte signature: {'B', 'I', 'T', 'M'} + + 2-byte version number (network byte order) + The current implementation only supports version 1 + of the bitmap index (the same one as JGit). + + 2-byte flags (network byte order) + + The following flags are supported: + + - BITMAP_OPT_FULL_DAG (0x1) REQUIRED + This flag must always be present. It implies that the bitmap + index has been generated for a packfile with full closure + (i.e. where every single object in the packfile can find + its parent links inside the same packfile). This is a + requirement for the bitmap index format, also present in JGit, + that greatly reduces the complexity of the implementation. + + - BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE (0x4) + If present, the end of the bitmap file contains + `N` 32-bit name-hash values, one per object in the + pack. The format and meaning of the name-hash is + described below. + + 4-byte entry count (network byte order) + + The total count of entries (bitmapped commits) in this bitmap index. + + 20-byte checksum + + The SHA1 checksum of the pack this bitmap index belongs to. + + - 4 EWAH bitmaps that act as type indexes + + Type indexes are serialized after the hash cache in the shape + of four EWAH bitmaps stored consecutively (see Appendix A for + the serialization format of an EWAH bitmap). + + There is a bitmap for each Git object type, stored in the following + order: + + - Commits + - Trees + - Blobs + - Tags + + In each bitmap, the `n`th bit is set to true if the `n`th object + in the packfile is of that type. + + The obvious consequence is that the OR of all 4 bitmaps will result + in a full set (all bits set), and the AND of all 4 bitmaps will + result in an empty bitmap (no bits set). + + - N entries with compressed bitmaps, one for each indexed commit + + Where `N` is the total amount of entries in this bitmap index. + Each entry contains the following: + + - 4-byte object position (network byte order) + The position **in the index for the packfile** where the + bitmap for this commit is found. + + - 1-byte XOR-offset + The xor offset used to compress this bitmap. For an entry + in position `x`, a XOR offset of `y` means that the actual + bitmap representing this commit is composed by XORing the + bitmap for this entry with the bitmap in entry `x-y` (i.e. + the bitmap `y` entries before this one). + + Note that this compression can be recursive. In order to + XOR this entry with a previous one, the previous entry needs + to be decompressed first, and so on. + + The hard-limit for this offset is 160 (an entry can only be + xor'ed against one of the 160 entries preceding it). This + number is always positive, and hence entries are always xor'ed + with **previous** bitmaps, not bitmaps that will come afterwards + in the index. + + - 1-byte flags for this bitmap + At the moment the only available flag is `0x1`, which hints + that this bitmap can be re-used when rebuilding bitmap indexes + for the repository. + + - The compressed bitmap itself, see Appendix A. + +== Appendix A: Serialization format for an EWAH bitmap + +Ewah bitmaps are serialized in the same protocol as the JAVAEWAH +library, making them backwards compatible with the JGit +implementation: + + - 4-byte number of bits of the resulting UNCOMPRESSED bitmap + + - 4-byte number of words of the COMPRESSED bitmap, when stored + + - N x 8-byte words, as specified by the previous field + + This is the actual content of the compressed bitmap. + + - 4-byte position of the current RLW for the compressed + bitmap + +All words are stored in network byte order for their corresponding +sizes. + +The compressed bitmap is stored in a form of run-length encoding, as +follows. It consists of a concatenation of an arbitrary number of +chunks. Each chunk consists of one or more 64-bit words + + H L_1 L_2 L_3 .... L_M + +H is called RLW (run length word). It consists of (from lower to higher +order bits): + + - 1 bit: the repeated bit B + + - 32 bits: repetition count K (unsigned) + + - 31 bits: literal word count M (unsigned) + +The bitstream represented by the above chunk is then: + + - K repetitions of B + + - The bits stored in `L_1` through `L_M`. Within a word, bits at + lower order come earlier in the stream than those at higher + order. + +The next word after `L_M` (if any) must again be a RLW, for the next +chunk. For efficient appending to the bitstream, the EWAH stores a +pointer to the last RLW in the stream. + + +== Appendix B: Optional Bitmap Sections + +These sections may or may not be present in the `.bitmap` file; their +presence is indicated by the header flags section described above. + +Name-hash cache +--------------- + +If the BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE flag is set, the end of the bitmap contains +a cache of 32-bit values, one per object in the pack. The value at +position `i` is the hash of the pathname at which the `i`th object +(counting in index order) in the pack can be found. This can be fed +into the delta heuristics to compare objects with similar pathnames. + +The hash algorithm used is: + + hash = 0; + while ((c = *name++)) + if (!isspace(c)) + hash = (hash >> 2) + (c << 24); + +Note that this hashing scheme is tied to the BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE flag. +If implementations want to choose a different hashing scheme, they are +free to do so, but MUST allocate a new header flag (because comparing +hashes made under two different schemes would be pointless). diff --git a/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt index d21d77d..59be59b 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt @@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ URL syntax documented by RFC 1738, so they are of the form: http://<host>:<port>/<path>?<searchpart> -Within this documentation the placeholder $GIT_URL will stand for +Within this documentation the placeholder `$GIT_URL` will stand for the http:// repository URL entered by the end-user. -Servers SHOULD handle all requests to locations matching $GIT_URL, as +Servers SHOULD handle all requests to locations matching `$GIT_URL`, as both the "smart" and "dumb" HTTP protocols used by Git operate by appending additional path components onto the end of the user -supplied $GIT_URL string. +supplied `$GIT_URL` string. An example of a dumb client requesting for a loose object: @@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ An example of a request to a submodule: $GIT_URL: http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git URL request: http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git/info/refs -Clients MUST strip a trailing '/', if present, from the user supplied -$GIT_URL string to prevent empty path tokens ('//') from appearing +Clients MUST strip a trailing `/`, if present, from the user supplied +`$GIT_URL` string to prevent empty path tokens (`//`) from appearing in any URL sent to a server. Compatible clients MUST expand -'$GIT_URL/info/refs' as 'foo/info/refs' and not 'foo//info/refs'. +`$GIT_URL/info/refs` as `foo/info/refs` and not `foo//info/refs`. Authentication @@ -103,14 +103,14 @@ Except where noted, all standard HTTP behavior SHOULD be assumed by both client and server. This includes (but is not necessarily limited to): -If there is no repository at $GIT_URL, or the resource pointed to by a -location matching $GIT_URL does not exist, the server MUST NOT respond -with '200 OK' response. A server SHOULD respond with -'404 Not Found', '410 Gone', or any other suitable HTTP status code +If there is no repository at `$GIT_URL`, or the resource pointed to by a +location matching `$GIT_URL` does not exist, the server MUST NOT respond +with `200 OK` response. A server SHOULD respond with +`404 Not Found`, `410 Gone`, or any other suitable HTTP status code which does not imply the resource exists as requested. -If there is a repository at $GIT_URL, but access is not currently -permitted, the server MUST respond with the '403 Forbidden' HTTP +If there is a repository at `$GIT_URL`, but access is not currently +permitted, the server MUST respond with the `403 Forbidden` HTTP status code. Servers SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1. @@ -126,9 +126,9 @@ Servers MAY return ETag and/or Last-Modified headers. Clients MAY revalidate cached entities by including If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match request headers. -Servers MAY return '304 Not Modified' if the relevant headers appear +Servers MAY return `304 Not Modified` if the relevant headers appear in the request and the entity has not changed. Clients MUST treat -'304 Not Modified' identical to '200 OK' by reusing the cached entity. +`304 Not Modified` identical to `200 OK` by reusing the cached entity. Clients MAY reuse a cached entity without revalidation if the Cache-Control and/or Expires header permits caching. Clients and @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ HTTP clients that only support the "dumb" protocol MUST discover references by making a request for the special info/refs file of the repository. -Dumb HTTP clients MUST make a GET request to $GIT_URL/info/refs, +Dumb HTTP clients MUST make a `GET` request to `$GIT_URL/info/refs`, without any search/query parameters. C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs HTTP/1.0 @@ -161,21 +161,21 @@ without any search/query parameters. S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{} The Content-Type of the returned info/refs entity SHOULD be -"text/plain; charset=utf-8", but MAY be any content type. +`text/plain; charset=utf-8`, but MAY be any content type. Clients MUST NOT attempt to validate the returned Content-Type. Dumb servers MUST NOT return a return type starting with -"application/x-git-". +`application/x-git-`. Cache-Control headers MAY be returned to disable caching of the returned entity. When examining the response clients SHOULD only examine the HTTP -status code. Valid responses are '200 OK', or '304 Not Modified'. +status code. Valid responses are `200 OK`, or `304 Not Modified`. The returned content is a UNIX formatted text file describing each ref and its known value. The file SHOULD be sorted by name according to the C locale ordering. The file SHOULD NOT include -the default ref named 'HEAD'. +the default ref named `HEAD`. info_refs = *( ref_record ) ref_record = any_ref / peeled_ref @@ -192,13 +192,14 @@ HTTP clients that support the "smart" protocol (or both the a parameterized request for the info/refs file of the repository. The request MUST contain exactly one query parameter, -'service=$servicename', where $servicename MUST be the service +`service=$servicename`, where `$servicename` MUST be the service name the client wishes to contact to complete the operation. The request MUST NOT contain additional query parameters. C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0 - dumb server reply: +dumb server reply: + S: 200 OK S: S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint @@ -206,7 +207,8 @@ The request MUST NOT contain additional query parameters. S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0 S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{} - smart server reply: +smart server reply: + S: 200 OK S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement S: Cache-Control: no-cache @@ -228,7 +230,7 @@ Smart Server Response ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ If the server does not recognize the requested service name, or the requested service name has been disabled by the server administrator, -the server MUST respond with the '403 Forbidden' HTTP status code. +the server MUST respond with the `403 Forbidden` HTTP status code. Otherwise, smart servers MUST respond with the smart server reply format for the requested service name. @@ -236,35 +238,35 @@ format for the requested service name. Cache-Control headers SHOULD be used to disable caching of the returned entity. -The Content-Type MUST be 'application/x-$servicename-advertisement'. +The Content-Type MUST be `application/x-$servicename-advertisement`. Clients SHOULD fall back to the dumb protocol if another content type is returned. When falling back to the dumb protocol clients -SHOULD NOT make an additional request to $GIT_URL/info/refs, but +SHOULD NOT make an additional request to `$GIT_URL/info/refs`, but instead SHOULD use the response already in hand. Clients MUST NOT continue if they do not support the dumb protocol. -Clients MUST validate the status code is either '200 OK' or -'304 Not Modified'. +Clients MUST validate the status code is either `200 OK` or +`304 Not Modified`. Clients MUST validate the first five bytes of the response entity -matches the regex "^[0-9a-f]{4}#". If this test fails, clients +matches the regex `^[0-9a-f]{4}#`. If this test fails, clients MUST NOT continue. Clients MUST parse the entire response as a sequence of pkt-line records. -Clients MUST verify the first pkt-line is "# service=$servicename". +Clients MUST verify the first pkt-line is `# service=$servicename`. Servers MUST set $servicename to be the request parameter value. Servers SHOULD include an LF at the end of this line. Clients MUST ignore an LF at the end of the line. -Servers MUST terminate the response with the magic "0000" end +Servers MUST terminate the response with the magic `0000` end pkt-line marker. The returned response is a pkt-line stream describing each ref and its known value. The stream SHOULD be sorted by name according to the C locale ordering. The stream SHOULD include the default ref -named 'HEAD' as the first ref. The stream MUST include capability +named `HEAD` as the first ref. The stream MUST include capability declarations behind a NUL on the first ref. smart_reply = PKT-LINE("# service=$servicename" LF) @@ -286,12 +288,13 @@ declarations behind a NUL on the first ref. peeled_ref = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF) PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name "^{}" LF + Smart Service git-upload-pack ------------------------------ -This service reads from the repository pointed to by $GIT_URL. +This service reads from the repository pointed to by `$GIT_URL`. Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with -'$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack'. +`$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack`. C: POST $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0 C: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request @@ -313,10 +316,10 @@ to prevent caching of the response. Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here. -Clients MUST send at least one 'want' command in the request body. -Clients MUST NOT reference an id in a 'want' command which did not +Clients MUST send at least one "want" command in the request body. +Clients MUST NOT reference an id in a "want" command which did not appear in the response obtained through ref discovery unless the -server advertises capability "allow-tip-sha1-in-want". +server advertises capability `allow-tip-sha1-in-want`. compute_request = want_list have_list @@ -332,128 +335,128 @@ server advertises capability "allow-tip-sha1-in-want". have_list = *PKT-LINE("have" SP id LF) TODO: Document this further. -TODO: Don't use uppercase for variable names below. The Negotiation Algorithm ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The computation to select the minimal pack proceeds as follows -(c = client, s = server): +(C = client, S = server): + +'init step:' + +C: Use ref discovery to obtain the advertised refs. + +C: Place any object seen into set `advertised`. - init step: - (c) Use ref discovery to obtain the advertised refs. - (c) Place any object seen into set ADVERTISED. +C: Build an empty set, `common`, to hold the objects that are later + determined to be on both ends. - (c) Build an empty set, COMMON, to hold the objects that are later - determined to be on both ends. - (c) Build a set, WANT, of the objects from ADVERTISED the client - wants to fetch, based on what it saw during ref discovery. +C: Build a set, `want`, of the objects from `advertised` the client + wants to fetch, based on what it saw during ref discovery. - (c) Start a queue, C_PENDING, ordered by commit time (popping newest - first). Add all client refs. When a commit is popped from - the queue its parents SHOULD be automatically inserted back. - Commits MUST only enter the queue once. +C: Start a queue, `c_pending`, ordered by commit time (popping newest + first). Add all client refs. When a commit is popped from + the queue its parents SHOULD be automatically inserted back. + Commits MUST only enter the queue once. - one compute step: - (c) Send one $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack request: +'one compute step:' - C: 0032want <WANT #1>............................... - C: 0032want <WANT #2>............................... +C: Send one `$GIT_URL/git-upload-pack` request: + + C: 0032want <want #1>............................... + C: 0032want <want #2>............................... .... - C: 0032have <COMMON #1>............................. - C: 0032have <COMMON #2>............................. + C: 0032have <common #1>............................. + C: 0032have <common #2>............................. .... - C: 0032have <HAVE #1>............................... - C: 0032have <HAVE #2>............................... + C: 0032have <have #1>............................... + C: 0032have <have #2>............................... .... C: 0000 - The stream is organized into "commands", with each command - appearing by itself in a pkt-line. Within a command line - the text leading up to the first space is the command name, - and the remainder of the line to the first LF is the value. - Command lines are terminated with an LF as the last byte of - the pkt-line value. +The stream is organized into "commands", with each command +appearing by itself in a pkt-line. Within a command line, +the text leading up to the first space is the command name, +and the remainder of the line to the first LF is the value. +Command lines are terminated with an LF as the last byte of +the pkt-line value. - Commands MUST appear in the following order, if they appear - at all in the request stream: +Commands MUST appear in the following order, if they appear +at all in the request stream: - * want - * have +* "want" +* "have" - The stream is terminated by a pkt-line flush ("0000"). +The stream is terminated by a pkt-line flush (`0000`). - A single "want" or "have" command MUST have one hex formatted - SHA-1 as its value. Multiple SHA-1s MUST be sent by sending - multiple commands. +A single "want" or "have" command MUST have one hex formatted +SHA-1 as its value. Multiple SHA-1s MUST be sent by sending +multiple commands. - The HAVE list is created by popping the first 32 commits - from C_PENDING. Less can be supplied if C_PENDING empties. +The `have` list is created by popping the first 32 commits +from `c_pending`. Less can be supplied if `c_pending` empties. - If the client has sent 256 HAVE commits and has not yet - received one of those back from S_COMMON, or the client has - emptied C_PENDING it SHOULD include a "done" command to let - the server know it won't proceed: +If the client has sent 256 "have" commits and has not yet +received one of those back from `s_common`, or the client has +emptied `c_pending` it SHOULD include a "done" command to let +the server know it won't proceed: C: 0009done - (s) Parse the git-upload-pack request: - - Verify all objects in WANT are directly reachable from refs. - - The server MAY walk backwards through history or through - the reflog to permit slightly stale requests. +S: Parse the git-upload-pack request: - If no WANT objects are received, send an error: +Verify all objects in `want` are directly reachable from refs. -TODO: Define error if no want lines are requested. +The server MAY walk backwards through history or through +the reflog to permit slightly stale requests. - If any WANT object is not reachable, send an error: +If no "want" objects are received, send an error: +TODO: Define error if no "want" lines are requested. -TODO: Define error if an invalid want is requested. +If any "want" object is not reachable, send an error: +TODO: Define error if an invalid "want" is requested. - Create an empty list, S_COMMON. +Create an empty list, `s_common`. - If 'have' was sent: +If "have" was sent: - Loop through the objects in the order supplied by the client. - For each object, if the server has the object reachable from - a ref, add it to S_COMMON. If a commit is added to S_COMMON, - do not add any ancestors, even if they also appear in HAVE. +Loop through the objects in the order supplied by the client. - (s) Send the git-upload-pack response: +For each object, if the server has the object reachable from +a ref, add it to `s_common`. If a commit is added to `s_common`, +do not add any ancestors, even if they also appear in `have`. - If the server has found a closed set of objects to pack or the - request ends with "done", it replies with the pack. +S: Send the git-upload-pack response: +If the server has found a closed set of objects to pack or the +request ends with "done", it replies with the pack. TODO: Document the pack based response - S: PACK... - The returned stream is the side-band-64k protocol supported - by the git-upload-pack service, and the pack is embedded into - stream 1. Progress messages from the server side MAY appear - in stream 2. + S: PACK... - Here a "closed set of objects" is defined to have at least - one path from every WANT to at least one COMMON object. +The returned stream is the side-band-64k protocol supported +by the git-upload-pack service, and the pack is embedded into +stream 1. Progress messages from the server side MAY appear +in stream 2. - If the server needs more information, it replies with a - status continue response: +Here a "closed set of objects" is defined to have at least +one path from every "want" to at least one "common" object. +If the server needs more information, it replies with a +status continue response: TODO: Document the non-pack response - (c) Parse the upload-pack response: - -TODO: Document parsing response +C: Parse the upload-pack response: + TODO: Document parsing response - Do another compute step. +'Do another compute step.' Smart Service git-receive-pack ------------------------------ -This service reads from the repository pointed to by $GIT_URL. +This service reads from the repository pointed to by `$GIT_URL`. Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with -'$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack'. +`$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack`. C: POST $GIT_URL/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.0 C: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-request @@ -497,7 +500,7 @@ TODO: Document this further. References ---------- -link:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt[RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)] -link:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt[RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1] +http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt[RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)] +http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt[RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1] link:technical/pack-protocol.html link:technical/protocol-capabilities.html diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt index b898e97..18dea8d 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt @@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ MUST peel the ref if it's an annotated tag. ---- advertised-refs = (no-refs / list-of-refs) + *shallow flush-pkt no-refs = PKT-LINE(zero-id SP "capabilities^{}" @@ -174,6 +175,8 @@ MUST peel the ref if it's an annotated tag. other-tip = obj-id SP refname LF other-peeled = obj-id SP refname "^{}" LF + shallow = PKT-LINE("shallow" SP obj-id) + capability-list = capability *(SP capability) capability = 1*(LC_ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_") LC_ALPHA = %x61-7A @@ -234,10 +237,10 @@ The client now sends the maximum commit history depth it wants for this transaction, which is the number of commits it wants from the tip of the history, if any, as a 'deepen' line. A depth of 0 is the same as not making a depth request. The client does not want to receive -any commits beyond this depth, nor objects needed only to complete -those commits. Commits whose parents are not received as a result are -defined as shallow and marked as such in the server. This information -is sent back to the client in the next step. +any commits beyond this depth, nor does it want objects needed only to +complete those commits. Commits whose parents are not received as a +result are defined as shallow and marked as such in the server. This +information is sent back to the client in the next step. Once all the 'want's and 'shallow's (and optional 'deepen') are transferred, clients MUST send a flush-pkt, to tell the server side @@ -335,7 +338,8 @@ during a prior round. This helps to ensure that at least one common ancestor is found before we give up entirely. Once the 'done' line is read from the client, the server will either -send a final 'ACK obj-id' or it will send a 'NAK'. The server only sends +send a final 'ACK obj-id' or it will send a 'NAK'. 'obj-id' is the object +name of the last commit determined to be common. The server only sends ACK after 'done' if there is at least one common base and multi_ack or multi_ack_detailed is enabled. The server always sends NAK after 'done' if there is no common base found. @@ -461,7 +465,9 @@ contain all the objects that the server will need to complete the new references. ---- - update-request = command-list [pack-file] + update-request = *shallow command-list [pack-file] + + shallow = PKT-LINE("shallow" SP obj-id) command-list = PKT-LINE(command NUL capability-list LF) *PKT-LINE(command LF) diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt index fd8ffa5..e174343 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt @@ -69,17 +69,50 @@ ends. Without multi_ack the client would have sent that c-b-a chain anyway, interleaved with S-R-Q. +multi_ack_detailed +------------------ +This is an extension of multi_ack that permits client to better +understand the server's in-memory state. See pack-protocol.txt, +section "Packfile Negotiation" for more information. + +no-done +------- +This capability should only be used with the smart HTTP protocol. If +multi_ack_detailed and no-done are both present, then the sender is +free to immediately send a pack following its first "ACK obj-id ready" +message. + +Without no-done in the smart HTTP protocol, the server session would +end and the client has to make another trip to send "done" before +the server can send the pack. no-done removes the last round and +thus slightly reduces latency. + thin-pack --------- -This capability means that the server can send a 'thin' pack, a pack -which does not contain base objects; if those base objects are available -on client side. Client requests 'thin-pack' capability when it -understands how to "thicken" it by adding required delta bases making -it self-contained. - -Client MUST NOT request 'thin-pack' capability if it cannot turn a thin -pack into a self-contained pack. +A thin pack is one with deltas which reference base objects not +contained within the pack (but are known to exist at the receiving +end). This can reduce the network traffic significantly, but it +requires the receiving end to know how to "thicken" these packs by +adding the missing bases to the pack. + +The upload-pack server advertises 'thin-pack' when it can generate +and send a thin pack. A client requests the 'thin-pack' capability +when it understands how to "thicken" it, notifying the server that +it can receive such a pack. A client MUST NOT request the +'thin-pack' capability if it cannot turn a thin pack into a +self-contained pack. + +Receive-pack, on the other hand, is assumed by default to be able to +handle thin packs, but can ask the client not to use the feature by +advertising the 'no-thin' capability. A client MUST NOT send a thin +pack if the server advertises the 'no-thin' capability. + +The reasons for this asymmetry are historical. The receive-pack +program did not exist until after the invention of thin packs, so +historically the reference implementation of receive-pack always +understood thin packs. Adding 'no-thin' later allowed receive-pack +to disable the feature in a backwards-compatible manner. side-band, side-band-64k diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt index fb7ff08..889985f 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ More specifically, they: caret `^`, colon `:`, question-mark `?`, asterisk `*`, or open bracket `[` anywhere. -. They cannot end with a slash `/` nor a dot `.`. +. They cannot end with a slash `/` or a dot `.`. . They cannot end with the sequence `.lock`. diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt index cbb01a1..d33f884 100644 --- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt +++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ Git User Manual -_______________ +=============== Git is a fast distributed revision control system. @@ -3795,7 +3795,7 @@ like so: $ git update-index filename ------------------------------------------------- -but to avoid common mistakes with filename globbing etc, the command +but to avoid common mistakes with filename globbing etc., the command will not normally add totally new entries or remove old entries, i.e. it will normally just update existing cache entries. @@ -4074,7 +4074,7 @@ the `HEAD` tree, and stage 3 to the `$target` tree. Earlier we said that trivial merges are done inside `git read-tree -m`. For example, if the file did not change -from `$orig` to `HEAD` nor `$target`, or if the file changed +from `$orig` to `HEAD` or `$target`, or if the file changed from `$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` the same way, obviously the final outcome is what is in `HEAD`. What the above example shows is that file `hello.c` was changed from @@ -4231,9 +4231,9 @@ Most of what `git rev-list` did is contained in `revision.c` and controls how and what revisions are walked, and more. The original job of `git rev-parse` is now taken by the function -`setup_revisions()`, which parses the revisions and the common command line +`setup_revisions()`, which parses the revisions and the common command-line options for the revision walker. This information is stored in the struct -`rev_info` for later consumption. You can do your own command line option +`rev_info` for later consumption. You can do your own command-line option parsing after calling `setup_revisions()`. After that, you have to call `prepare_revision_walk()` for initialization, and then you can get the commits one by one with the function `get_revision()`. |