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Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt | 365 |
1 files changed, 218 insertions, 147 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt b/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt index 956a01d..d9dfb75 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt @@ -8,66 +8,106 @@ git-interpret-trailers - Add or parse structured information in commit messages SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git interpret-trailers' [<options>] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...] -'git interpret-trailers' [<options>] [--parse] [<file>...] +'git interpret-trailers' [--in-place] [--trim-empty] + [(--trailer (<key>|<key-alias>)[(=|:)<value>])...] + [--parse] [<file>...] DESCRIPTION ----------- -Help parsing or adding 'trailers' lines, that look similar to RFC 822 e-mail +Add or parse 'trailer' lines that look similar to RFC 822 e-mail headers, at the end of the otherwise free-form part of a commit -message. +message. For example, in the following commit message -This command reads some patches or commit messages from either the -<file> arguments or the standard input if no <file> is specified. If -`--parse` is specified, the output consists of the parsed trailers. +------------------------------------------------ +subject + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. -Otherwise, this command applies the arguments passed using the -`--trailer` option, if any, to the commit message part of each input -file. The result is emitted on the standard output. +Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com> +Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com> +------------------------------------------------ + +the last two lines starting with "Signed-off-by" are trailers. + +This command reads commit messages from either the +<file> arguments or the standard input if no <file> is specified. +If `--parse` is specified, the output consists of the parsed trailers +coming from the input, without influencing them with any command line +options or configuration variables. + +Otherwise, this command applies `trailer.*` configuration variables +(which could potentially add new trailers, as well as reposition them), +as well as any command line arguments that can override configuration +variables (such as `--trailer=...` which could also add new trailers), +to each input file. The result is emitted on the standard output. + +This command can also operate on the output of linkgit:git-format-patch[1], +which is more elaborate than a plain commit message. Namely, such output +includes a commit message (as above), a "---" divider line, and a patch part. +For these inputs, the divider and patch parts are not modified by +this command and are emitted as is on the output, unless +`--no-divider` is specified. Some configuration variables control the way the `--trailer` arguments -are applied to each commit message and the way any existing trailer in -the commit message is changed. They also make it possible to +are applied to each input and the way any existing trailer in +the input is changed. They also make it possible to automatically add some trailers. -By default, a '<token>=<value>' or '<token>:<value>' argument given +By default, a '<key>=<value>' or '<key>:<value>' argument given using `--trailer` will be appended after the existing trailers only if -the last trailer has a different (<token>, <value>) pair (or if there -is no existing trailer). The <token> and <value> parts will be trimmed +the last trailer has a different (<key>, <value>) pair (or if there +is no existing trailer). The <key> and <value> parts will be trimmed to remove starting and trailing whitespace, and the resulting trimmed -<token> and <value> will appear in the message like this: +<key> and <value> will appear in the output like this: ------------------------------------------------ -token: value +key: value ------------------------------------------------ -This means that the trimmed <token> and <value> will be separated by +This means that the trimmed <key> and <value> will be separated by `': '` (one colon followed by one space). +For convenience, a <key-alias> can be configured to make using `--trailer` +shorter to type on the command line. This can be configured using the +'trailer.<key-alias>.key' configuration variable. The <keyAlias> must be a prefix +of the full <key> string, although case sensitivity does not matter. For +example, if you have + +------------------------------------------------ +trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by: " +------------------------------------------------ + +in your configuration, you only need to specify `--trailer="sign: foo"` +on the command line instead of `--trailer="Signed-off-by: foo"`. + By default the new trailer will appear at the end of all the existing trailers. If there is no existing trailer, the new trailer will appear -after the commit message part of the output, and, if there is no line -with only spaces at the end of the commit message part, one blank line -will be added before the new trailer. +at the end of the input. A blank line will be added before the new +trailer if there isn't one already. -Existing trailers are extracted from the input message by looking for +Existing trailers are extracted from the input by looking for a group of one or more lines that (i) is all trailers, or (ii) contains at least one Git-generated or user-configured trailer and consists of at least 25% trailers. The group must be preceded by one or more empty (or whitespace-only) lines. -The group must either be at the end of the message or be the last +The group must either be at the end of the input or be the last non-whitespace lines before a line that starts with '---' (followed by a -space or the end of the line). Such three minus signs start the patch -part of the message. See also `--no-divider` below. +space or the end of the line). -When reading trailers, there can be whitespaces after the -token, the separator and the value. There can also be whitespaces -inside the token and the value. The value may be split over multiple lines with -each subsequent line starting with whitespace, like the "folding" in RFC 822. +When reading trailers, there can be no whitespace before or inside the +<key>, but any number of regular space and tab characters are allowed +between the <key> and the separator. There can be whitespaces before, +inside or after the <value>. The <value> may be split over multiple lines +with each subsequent line starting with at least one whitespace, like +the "folding" in RFC 822. Example: -Note that 'trailers' do not follow and are not intended to follow many -rules for RFC 822 headers. For example they do not follow -the encoding rules and probably many other rules. +------------------------------------------------ +key: This is a very long value, with spaces and + newlines in it. +------------------------------------------------ + +Note that trailers do not follow (nor are they intended to follow) many of the +rules for RFC 822 headers. For example they do not follow the encoding rule. OPTIONS ------- @@ -76,38 +116,47 @@ OPTIONS --trim-empty:: If the <value> part of any trailer contains only whitespace, - the whole trailer will be removed from the resulting message. + the whole trailer will be removed from the output. This applies to existing trailers as well as new trailers. ---trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>]:: - Specify a (<token>, <value>) pair that should be applied as a - trailer to the input messages. See the description of this +--trailer <key>[(=|:)<value>]:: + Specify a (<key>, <value>) pair that should be applied as a + trailer to the inputs. See the description of this command. --where <placement>:: --no-where:: Specify where all new trailers will be added. A setting - provided with '--where' overrides all configuration variables + provided with '--where' overrides the `trailer.where` and any + applicable `trailer.<keyAlias>.where` configuration variables and applies to all '--trailer' options until the next occurrence of - '--where' or '--no-where'. Possible values are `after`, `before`, - `end` or `start`. + '--where' or '--no-where'. Upon encountering '--no-where', clear the + effect of any previous use of '--where', such that the relevant configuration + variables are no longer overridden. Possible placements are `after`, + `before`, `end` or `start`. --if-exists <action>:: --no-if-exists:: Specify what action will be performed when there is already at - least one trailer with the same <token> in the message. A setting - provided with '--if-exists' overrides all configuration variables + least one trailer with the same <key> in the input. A setting + provided with '--if-exists' overrides the `trailer.ifExists` and any + applicable `trailer.<keyAlias>.ifExists` configuration variables and applies to all '--trailer' options until the next occurrence of - '--if-exists' or '--no-if-exists'. Possible actions are `addIfDifferent`, + '--if-exists' or '--no-if-exists'. Upon encountering '--no-if-exists, clear the + effect of any previous use of '--if-exists, such that the relevant configuration + variables are no longer overridden. Possible actions are `addIfDifferent`, `addIfDifferentNeighbor`, `add`, `replace` and `doNothing`. --if-missing <action>:: --no-if-missing:: Specify what action will be performed when there is no other - trailer with the same <token> in the message. A setting - provided with '--if-missing' overrides all configuration variables + trailer with the same <key> in the input. A setting + provided with '--if-missing' overrides the `trailer.ifMissing` and any + applicable `trailer.<keyAlias>.ifMissing` configuration variables and applies to all '--trailer' options until the next occurrence of - '--if-missing' or '--no-if-missing'. Possible actions are `doNothing` + '--if-missing' or '--no-if-missing'. Upon encountering '--no-if-missing, + clear the effect of any previous use of '--if-missing, such that the relevant + configuration variables are no longer overridden. Possible actions are `doNothing` or `add`. --only-trailers:: @@ -115,16 +164,19 @@ OPTIONS --only-input:: Output only trailers that exist in the input; do not add any - from the command-line or by following configured `trailer.*` - rules. + from the command-line or by applying `trailer.*` configuration + variables. --unfold:: - Remove any whitespace-continuation in trailers, so that each - trailer appears on a line by itself with its full content. + If a trailer has a value that runs over multiple lines (aka "folded"), + reformat the value into a single line. --parse:: A convenience alias for `--only-trailers --only-input - --unfold`. + --unfold`. This makes it easier to only see the trailers coming from the + input without influencing them with any command line options or + configuration variables, while also making the output machine-friendly with + --unfold. --no-divider:: Do not treat `---` as the end of the commit message. Use this @@ -145,11 +197,11 @@ used when another separator is not specified in the config for this trailer. + For example, if the value for this option is "%=$", then only lines -using the format '<token><sep><value>' with <sep> containing '%', '=' +using the format '<key><sep><value>' with <sep> containing '%', '=' or '$' and then spaces will be considered trailers. And '%' will be the default separator used, so by default trailers will appear like: -'<token>% <value>' (one percent sign and one space will appear between -the token and the value). +'<key>% <value>' (one percent sign and one space will appear between +the key and the value). trailer.where:: This option tells where a new trailer will be added. @@ -163,41 +215,41 @@ If it is `start`, then each new trailer will appear at the start, instead of the end, of the existing trailers. + If it is `after`, then each new trailer will appear just after the -last trailer with the same <token>. +last trailer with the same <key>. + If it is `before`, then each new trailer will appear just before the -first trailer with the same <token>. +first trailer with the same <key>. trailer.ifexists:: This option makes it possible to choose what action will be performed when there is already at least one trailer with the - same <token> in the message. + same <key> in the input. + The valid values for this option are: `addIfDifferentNeighbor` (this is the default), `addIfDifferent`, `add`, `replace` or `doNothing`. + With `addIfDifferentNeighbor`, a new trailer will be added only if no -trailer with the same (<token>, <value>) pair is above or below the line +trailer with the same (<key>, <value>) pair is above or below the line where the new trailer will be added. + With `addIfDifferent`, a new trailer will be added only if no trailer -with the same (<token>, <value>) pair is already in the message. +with the same (<key>, <value>) pair is already in the input. + With `add`, a new trailer will be added, even if some trailers with -the same (<token>, <value>) pair are already in the message. +the same (<key>, <value>) pair are already in the input. + -With `replace`, an existing trailer with the same <token> will be +With `replace`, an existing trailer with the same <key> will be deleted and the new trailer will be added. The deleted trailer will be -the closest one (with the same <token>) to the place where the new one +the closest one (with the same <key>) to the place where the new one will be added. + With `doNothing`, nothing will be done; that is no new trailer will be -added if there is already one with the same <token> in the message. +added if there is already one with the same <key> in the input. trailer.ifmissing:: This option makes it possible to choose what action will be performed when there is not yet any trailer with the same - <token> in the message. + <key> in the input. + The valid values for this option are: `add` (this is the default) and `doNothing`. @@ -206,100 +258,106 @@ With `add`, a new trailer will be added. + With `doNothing`, nothing will be done. -trailer.<token>.key:: - This `key` will be used instead of <token> in the trailer. At - the end of this key, a separator can appear and then some - space characters. By default the only valid separator is ':', - but this can be changed using the `trailer.separators` config - variable. +trailer.<keyAlias>.key:: + Defines a <keyAlias> for the <key>. The <keyAlias> must be a + prefix (case does not matter) of the <key>. For example, in `git + config trailer.ack.key "Acked-by"` the "Acked-by" is the <key> and + the "ack" is the <keyAlias>. This configuration allows the shorter + `--trailer "ack:..."` invocation on the command line using the "ack" + <keyAlias> instead of the longer `--trailer "Acked-by:..."`. ++ +At the end of the <key>, a separator can appear and then some +space characters. By default the only valid separator is ':', +but this can be changed using the `trailer.separators` config +variable. + -If there is a separator, then the key will be used instead of both the -<token> and the default separator when adding the trailer. +If there is a separator in the key, then it overrides the default +separator when adding the trailer. -trailer.<token>.where:: +trailer.<keyAlias>.where:: This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.where' configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by - that option for trailers with the specified <token>. + that option for trailers with the specified <keyAlias>. -trailer.<token>.ifexists:: +trailer.<keyAlias>.ifexists:: This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.ifexists' configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by - that option for trailers with the specified <token>. + that option for trailers with the specified <keyAlias>. -trailer.<token>.ifmissing:: +trailer.<keyAlias>.ifmissing:: This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.ifmissing' configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by - that option for trailers with the specified <token>. + that option for trailers with the specified <keyAlias>. -trailer.<token>.command:: - This option behaves in the same way as 'trailer.<token>.cmd', except +trailer.<keyAlias>.command:: + Deprecated in favor of 'trailer.<keyAlias>.cmd'. + This option behaves in the same way as 'trailer.<keyAlias>.cmd', except that it doesn't pass anything as argument to the specified command. Instead the first occurrence of substring $ARG is replaced by the - value that would be passed as argument. + <value> that would be passed as argument. + -The 'trailer.<token>.command' option has been deprecated in favor of -'trailer.<token>.cmd' due to the fact that $ARG in the user's command is +Note that $ARG in the user's command is only replaced once and that the original way of replacing $ARG is not safe. + -When both 'trailer.<token>.cmd' and 'trailer.<token>.command' are given -for the same <token>, 'trailer.<token>.cmd' is used and -'trailer.<token>.command' is ignored. - -trailer.<token>.cmd:: - This option can be used to specify a shell command that will be called: - once to automatically add a trailer with the specified <token>, and then - each time a '--trailer <token>=<value>' argument to modify the <value> of - the trailer that this option would produce. +When both 'trailer.<keyAlias>.cmd' and 'trailer.<keyAlias>.command' are given +for the same <keyAlias>, 'trailer.<keyAlias>.cmd' is used and +'trailer.<keyAlias>.command' is ignored. + +trailer.<keyAlias>.cmd:: + This option can be used to specify a shell command that will be called + once to automatically add a trailer with the specified <keyAlias>, and then + called each time a '--trailer <keyAlias>=<value>' argument is specified to + modify the <value> of the trailer that this option would produce. + When the specified command is first called to add a trailer -with the specified <token>, the behavior is as if a special -'--trailer <token>=<value>' argument was added at the beginning +with the specified <keyAlias>, the behavior is as if a special +'--trailer <keyAlias>=<value>' argument was added at the beginning of the "git interpret-trailers" command, where <value> is taken to be the standard output of the command with any leading and trailing whitespace trimmed off. + -If some '--trailer <token>=<value>' arguments are also passed +If some '--trailer <keyAlias>=<value>' arguments are also passed on the command line, the command is called again once for each -of these arguments with the same <token>. And the <value> part +of these arguments with the same <keyAlias>. And the <value> part of these arguments, if any, will be passed to the command as its first argument. This way the command can produce a <value> computed -from the <value> passed in the '--trailer <token>=<value>' argument. +from the <value> passed in the '--trailer <keyAlias>=<value>' argument. EXAMPLES -------- * Configure a 'sign' trailer with a 'Signed-off-by' key, and then - add two of these trailers to a message: + add two of these trailers to a commit message file: + ------------ $ git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by" $ cat msg.txt subject -message -$ cat msg.txt | git interpret-trailers --trailer 'sign: Alice <alice@example.com>' --trailer 'sign: Bob <bob@example.com>' +body text +$ git interpret-trailers --trailer 'sign: Alice <alice@example.com>' --trailer 'sign: Bob <bob@example.com>' <msg.txt subject -message +body text Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com> Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com> ------------ -* Use the `--in-place` option to edit a message file in place: +* Use the `--in-place` option to edit a commit message file in place: + ------------ $ cat msg.txt subject -message +body text Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com> $ git interpret-trailers --trailer 'Acked-by: Alice <alice@example.com>' --in-place msg.txt $ cat msg.txt subject -message +body text Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com> Acked-by: Alice <alice@example.com> @@ -319,17 +377,30 @@ $ git interpret-trailers --trailer 'Cc: Alice <alice@example.com>' --trailer 'Re 'Signed-off-by: ' already, and show how it works: + ------------ +$ cat msg1.txt +subject + +body text $ git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by: " $ git config trailer.sign.ifmissing add $ git config trailer.sign.ifexists doNothing -$ git config trailer.sign.command 'echo "$(git config user.name) <$(git config user.email)>"' -$ git interpret-trailers <<EOF -> EOF +$ git config trailer.sign.cmd 'echo "$(git config user.name) <$(git config user.email)>"' +$ git interpret-trailers --trailer sign <msg1.txt +subject + +body text Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com> -$ git interpret-trailers <<EOF -> Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com> -> EOF +$ cat msg2.txt +subject + +body text + +Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com> +$ git interpret-trailers --trailer sign <msg2.txt +subject + +body text Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com> ------------ @@ -354,18 +425,17 @@ Fix #42 $ cat ~/bin/glog-find-author #!/bin/sh test -n "$1" && git log --author="$1" --pretty="%an <%ae>" -1 || true +$ cat msg.txt +subject + +body text $ git config trailer.help.key "Helped-by: " $ git config trailer.help.ifExists "addIfDifferentNeighbor" $ git config trailer.help.cmd "~/bin/glog-find-author" -$ git interpret-trailers --trailer="help:Junio" --trailer="help:Couder" <<EOF -> subject -> -> message -> -> EOF +$ git interpret-trailers --trailer="help:Junio" --trailer="help:Couder" <msg.txt subject -message +body text Helped-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Helped-by: Christian Couder <christian.couder@gmail.com> @@ -379,18 +449,17 @@ Helped-by: Christian Couder <christian.couder@gmail.com> $ cat ~/bin/glog-grep #!/bin/sh test -n "$1" && git log --grep "$1" --pretty=reference -1 || true +$ cat msg.txt +subject + +body text $ git config trailer.ref.key "Reference-to: " $ git config trailer.ref.ifExists "replace" $ git config trailer.ref.cmd "~/bin/glog-grep" -$ git interpret-trailers --trailer="ref:Add copyright notices." <<EOF -> subject -> -> message -> -> EOF +$ git interpret-trailers --trailer="ref:Add copyright notices." <msg.txt subject -message +body text Reference-to: 8bc9a0c769 (Add copyright notices., 2005-04-07) ------------ @@ -399,20 +468,23 @@ Reference-to: 8bc9a0c769 (Add copyright notices., 2005-04-07) commit that is related, and show how it works: + ------------ +$ cat msg.txt +subject + +body text + +see: HEAD~2 +$ cat ~/bin/glog-ref +#!/bin/sh +git log -1 --oneline --format="%h (%s)" --abbrev-commit --abbrev=14 $ git config trailer.see.key "See-also: " $ git config trailer.see.ifExists "replace" $ git config trailer.see.ifMissing "doNothing" -$ git config trailer.see.command "git log -1 --oneline --format=\"%h (%s)\" --abbrev-commit --abbrev=14 \$ARG" -$ git interpret-trailers <<EOF -> subject -> -> message -> -> see: HEAD~2 -> EOF +$ git config trailer.see.cmd "glog-ref" +$ git interpret-trailers --trailer=see <msg.txt subject -message +body text See-also: fe3187489d69c4 (subject of related commit) ------------ @@ -424,22 +496,21 @@ See-also: fe3187489d69c4 (subject of related commit) to add a 'git-version' trailer: + ------------ -$ sed -e 's/ Z$/ /' >commit_template.txt <<EOF -> ***subject*** -> -> ***message*** -> -> Fixes: Z -> Cc: Z -> Reviewed-by: Z -> Signed-off-by: Z -> EOF +$ cat temp.txt +***subject*** + +***message*** + +Fixes: Z +Cc: Z +Reviewed-by: Z +Signed-off-by: Z +$ sed -e 's/ Z$/ /' temp.txt > commit_template.txt $ git config commit.template commit_template.txt -$ cat >.git/hooks/commit-msg <<EOF -> #!/bin/sh -> git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "git-version: \$(git describe)" "\$1" > "\$1.new" -> mv "\$1.new" "\$1" -> EOF +$ cat .git/hooks/commit-msg +#!/bin/sh +git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "git-version: \$(git describe)" "\$1" > "\$1.new" +mv "\$1.new" "\$1" $ chmod +x .git/hooks/commit-msg ------------ |